ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report clinical characteristics of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) in patients who previously underwent total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer or a benign mass of the thyroid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of the patients who were diagnosed with TAO from March 2008 to March 2012, we performed a retrospective chart review on those who had undergone total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer or a benign mass of the thyroid before the occurrence of ophthalmopathy. RESULTS: Of the 206 patients diagnosed with TAO, seven (3.4%) met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the subjects was 47.4 years, and all were female. Six patients were diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer, and one was diagnosed with a benign mass. The duration between total thyroidectomy and onset of TAO ranged from 3-120 months (median 48 months). Ophthalmic manifestations varied among cases. Except for the patient who was diagnosed with a benign mass, all patients showed hyperthyroid status and were under Synthroid hormone treatment at the time of TAO development. Five of these six patients had positive levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor autoantibodies. CONCLUSION: TAO rarely develops after total thyroidectomy, and the mechanism of TAO occurrence is unclear. However, most patients showed abnormalities in thyroid function and TSH receptor autoantibodies.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Autoantibodies/blood , Carcinoma , Carcinoma, Papillary/immunology , Graves Ophthalmopathy/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Receptors, Thyrotropin , Retrospective Studies , Thyroid Neoplasms/complications , Thyroidectomy/adverse effects , Thyrotropin/blood , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
In the familial form of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), two or more members of the same family have to be affected with PTC. Prevalence is around 5% of all PTC. We performed a clinical analysis in 79 relatives of 16 patients of 7 unrelated kindred with the diagnosis of familial papillary thyroid carcinoma (FPTC). The results were compared with a control group. Thyroid palpation and TSH and TPO-Ab assessment was carried out in the relatives without a diagnosed PTC. Additionally, molecular analysis was performed in the sixteen affected patients. Clinical screening of the 79 family members showed the presence of goiter in 22/79 (29 %). This frequency was much higher than that observed in the control group (8.7%), p < 0.001. Hypothyroidism was found in 4 of the relatives (5%) vs. 2.5% observed in the control group, p < 0.01, and anti-thyroid antibodies (TPO-Ab) were positive in 14% of the relative's group vs. 10 % in the control group, (p = NS). In the molecular analysis, only a protooncogene TRK rearrangement was observed in family # 6. In conclusion, we found a higher incidence of goiter and hypothyroidism in the relatives of patients with FPTC. Nevertheless, TPO-Ab frequency was not different. No molecular abnormalities were indicative of a specific pattern in this subset of patients with FPTC.
En la forma familiar del carcinoma papilar de tiroides (CPT), dos o más miembros de la misma familia deben presentar CPT. Esta entidad ocurre en aproximadamente el 5% de todos los CPT. En este estudio, realizamos una evaluación de 79 familiares de 16 pacientes con diagnóstico de carcinoma papilar familiar (CPF) provenientes de 7 familias diferentes. Los resultados se compararon con los hallados en un grupo control. Se realizó palpación tiroidea y medición de TSH y anticuerpos anti-tiroperoxidasa (TPO-Ab) en todos los familiares. Además, se llevó a cabo el análisis molecular en los 16 sujetos que presentaban el diagnóstico de CPF. La evaluación de los 79 familiares de estos pacientes demostró la presencia de bocio en 22/79 (29%). Esta frecuencia fue mucho mayor que la observada en el grupo control (8.7%), p < 0.001. Se diagnosticó hipotirodismo en 4 familiares (5%) vs. 2.5%, observado en el grupo control, p < 0.01, y los TPO-Ab fueron positivos en 14% de los familiares vs. 10% del grupo control, (p = ns). En el análisis molecular, solamente se halló un rearreglo del protoncogen TRK en una de las 7 familias con CPF. En conclusión, hallamos una elevada prevalencia de bocio e hipotiroidismo en los familiares de pacientes con CPT. Sin embargo, la frecuencia de autoinmunidad no fue diferente. No se hallaron alteraciones moleculares distintivas en estos pacientes con CPF.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Papillary/complications , Goiter/etiology , Hypothyroidism/etiology , Thyroid Neoplasms/complications , Autoantibodies/blood , Case-Control Studies , Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics , Carcinoma, Papillary/immunology , Gene Rearrangement , Goiter/diagnosis , Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Iodide Peroxidase/blood , Oncogene Proteins/genetics , Pedigree , Prevalence , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics , Thyroid Neoplasms/immunology , Thyrotropin/bloodABSTRACT
O autor descreve os quadros anatompatológicos e clínico-epidemiológico da variante esclerosante difusa do carcinoma papilífero da tireóide, seguidos de proposta diagnóstica quanto aos achados citopatológicos, ao mesmo tempo que demonstra o perfil histoquímico das mucinas neutras e ácidas contidas na substância acinar. Através da imuno-histoquímica define a fenotipagem da variante passando a admitir que o infiltrado linfocitário resulta de resposta do hospedeiro aos antígenos tumorais nada tendo a ver com a tireoidite auto-imune. A análise pela citogotometria evidencia que a variante esclerosante difusa tem em comparaçäo com o carcinoma papilífero comum uma média de maior área nuclear e proporcional aumento de massa relativa de ADN, o que permite considerá-la, ao lado de informaçöes clínicas, como de mau prognóstico. A história natural deste subtipo de carcinoma papilifero sugere terapêutica cirúrgica inicial täo radical quanto possível