Effects of one-time and two-time intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid sodium salt after joint surgery in dogs

Thirty-one dogs with patellar luxation (grades 2 and 3) were categorized into three groups. Group 1 (G.1; n = 12) had sodium hyaluronate (SHA) intra-articularly injected into the stifle joint that received surgery. Group 2 (G.2; n = 10) received SHA twice: first after surgery and then 1 week later. Group 3 (G.3; n = 9) served as a control, without injection. Blood was collected before injection and then once a week for 4 weeks after injection for evaluation of chondroitin sulfate (CS-WF6) and hyaluronan (HA). The results revealed significantly (p 0.05) was observed in serum biomarkers between G.1 and G.2. In conclusion, intra-articular injection with SHA after joint surgery may improve homeostasis of the joint, retarding the process of OA.

Avaliação dos glicosaminoglicanos do tecido periuretral de pacientes com e sem prolapso genital / Evaluation of glycosaminoglycans of periurethral tissue in patients with and without pelvic organ prolapse

OBJETIVOS: Caracterizar e quantificar os subtipos de glicosaminoglicanos sulfatados (GAGs) existentes no tecido peri-uretral de pacientes com e sem prolapso genital. METODOS: Foram incluídas 35 pacientes que se submeteram a cirurgia vaginal para correção de distopias genitais e/ou incontinência urinária de esforço ou por outra condição benigna. As pacientes foram avaliadas por anamnese padronizada, exame físico e urodinâmico e agrupadas segundo a existência do prolapso genital. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico, amostras de aproximadamente 1,0 x 1,0 cm do tecido periuretral foram retiradas para avaliação. Os GAGs foram extraídos do tecido por proteólise e precipitação por ácido tricloroacético e caracterizados por eletroforese em gel de agarose. A quantificação foi feita por meio de densitometria a 525 nm do gel corado com azul de toluidina. Compararam-se os dados pela análise de variância (ANOVA). RESULTADOS: Nos grupos estudados, houve maior predomínio de dermatam sulfato (DS), em torno de 85 por cento do total de GAGs, seguido do condroitim sulfato (CS) e do heparam sulfato (HS). Observou-se aumento significativo dos GAGs totais, do DS e do HS em mulheres com prolapso genital. Não se observou diferença significante com relação ao CS. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo demonstrou diferenças na matriz extracelular do tecido periuretral com aumento de GAGs totais, DS e HS nas mulheres com prolapso genital.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize and quantify periurethral tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse. STUDY DESIGN: Periurethral tissue was obtained from 35 women who underwent surgery for pelvic organ prolapse, for stress urinary incontinence, or for other gynecological benign conditions. Patients were submitted to a clinical history, physical and urodynamic examination and were divided in two groups according to genital prolapse. The standard biopsy with 1.0 x 1.0 cm was taken from periurethral tissue during surgery and assessed by biochemical methods. The GAGs were obtained by proteolysis and precipitated by trichloroacetic acid. The relative concentration of sulfated GAGs was determined by densitometry of toluidine blue stained gel using a spectrophotometer with a 525 nm wavelength. Data were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: In the two groups dermatan sulphate (DS) was the predominant glycosaminoglycan (85 percent), followed by chondroitin sulphate (CS) and heparan sulphate (HS). Women with pelvic organ prolapse had significantly more total GAGs, DS and HS. Differences in CS were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed altered biochemical characteristics in the extracellular matrix of periurethral tissue and also accumulation of GAGs, DS and CS, in women with pelvic organ prolapse.

Galactosaminoglycans from normal myometrium and leiomyoma

In many tumors, the amount of chondroitin sulfate in the extracellular matrix has been shown to be elevated when compared to the corresponding normal tissue. Nevertheless, the degree of chondroitin sulfate increase varies widely. In order to investigate a possible correlation between the amount of chondroitin sulfate and tumor size, several individual specimens of human leiomyoma, a benign uterine tumor, were analyzed. The glycosaminoglycans from eight tumors were extracted and compared with those from the respective adjacent normal myometrium. The main glycosaminoglycan found in normal myometrium was dermatan sulfate, with small amounts of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate. In leiomyoma, both dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate were detected and the total amounts of the two galactosaminoglycans was increased in all tumors when compared to normal tissue. In contrast, the heparan sulfate concentration decreased in the tumor. To assess the disaccharide composition of galactosaminoglycans, these compounds were incubated with bacterial chondroitinases AC and ABC. The amounts of L-iduronic acid-containing disaccharides remained constant, whereas the concentration of D-glucuronic acid-containing disaccharides increased from 2 to 10 times in the tumor, indicating that D-glucuronic acid-containing disaccharides are responsible for the elevation in galactosaminoglycan concentration. This increase is positively correlated with tumor size

Astroglial cells derived from lateral and medial midbrain sectors differ in their synthesis and secretion of sulfated glycosaminoglycans

Astroglial cells derived from lateral and medial midbrain sectors differ in their abilities to support neuritic growth of midbrain neurons in cocultures. These different properties of the two types of cells may be related to the composition of their extracellular matrix. We have studied the synthesis and secretion of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by the two cell types under control conditions and ß-D-xyloside-stimulated conditions, that stimulate the ability to synthesize and release GAGs. We have confirmed that both cell types synthesize and secrete heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. Only slight differences were observed between the proportions of the two GAGs produced by the two types of cells after a 24-h labeling period. However, a marked difference was observed between the GAGs produced by the astroglial cells derived from lateral and medial midbrain sectors. The medial cells, which contain derivatives of the tectal and tegmental midline radial glia, synthesized and secreted ~2.3 times more chondroitin sulfate than lateral cells. The synthesis of heparan sulfate was only slightly modified by the addition of ß-D-xyloside. Overall, these results indicate that astroglial cells derived from the two midbrain sectors have marked differences in their capacity to synthesize chondroitin sulfate. Under in vivo conditions or a long period of in vitro culture, they may produce extracellular matrix at concentrations which may differentially affect neuritic growth

The kinetics of chondroitin 4-sulfate release from stimulated platelets and its relation to thromboxane A2 formation and granule secretion

1. In platelet rich plasma (PRP), chondroitin 4-sulfate release from platelets occurred after stimulation with ADP (5µM), collagen (5-10µM). Release started within 60 s and maximum release (0.7-2.0 mg/l) was reached within 180 s. TXA2 formation and dense granule release reached a maximum within 90 s after stimulation. 2. Using washed platelets (1.5 x 10**8 cells/ml), the platelet responses were faster. Release of chondroitin 4-sulfate and TXA2 started within 20-30 s after thrombin addition (100 mU/ml). Maximum release was reached within 60 s in both cases. Dense granule release started in the first 5 s of stimulation (34.6 ñ 12.4 por cento) reaching maximum secretion (74.4 ñ 8.7 por cento) within 60 s. 3. Our results demonstrate that maximal chondroitin 4-sulfate release occurs after the dense granule release reaction in both PRP and washed platelets. This observation suggests that chondroitin 4-sulfates is unlikely to be stored in the dense granules but may be stored in the alfagranules

Do comportamento dos glicosaminoglicanos urinários em pacientes portadores de neoplasias da cabeça e pescoço: estudo preliminar / Behavior of urinary glycosaminoglycans in head and neck neoplasms patients: preliminary study

Os glicosaminoglicanos excretados na urina foram estudados por DIETRICH e col (1993) por meio de eletroforese em gel, degradaçao enzimática e cromatografia, em indivíduos adultos sadios e em portadores de neoplasias diversas. Os autores demonstraram que esses compostos, em especial o condroitim sulfato (CS) e o heparam sulfato (HS), estavam alterados nos portadores de neoplasias. No presente trabalho, estudamos o comportamento dos glicosaminoglicanos urinários de 14 pacientes adultos portadores de neoplasias pertencentes à área de abrangência da cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço, comparando-o ao de 27 indivíduos sadios. As amostras isoladas de urina dos 14 pacientes, sendo dez carcinomas espinocelulares, três adenomas e um cordoma, foram colhidas nos períodos pré- e pós-operatórios precoce e tardio. Os seguintes parâmetros foram estudados: a relaçao CS/HS e a porcentagem dos dissacarídeos nao sulfatados, componentes do condroitim sulfato. No período pré-opetatório o primeiro encontrou-se diminuído e o segundo elevado, em relaçao aos valores dos indivíduos normais. No pós-operatório tardio, a porcentagem dos dissacarídeos nao-sulfatados caiu a valores próximos aos dos indivíduos normais nos casos clinicamente sem tumor residual ou recidivado, caracterizando um potencial marcador tumoral útil no seguimento.

Preservaçäo de córneas pelo K-SOL / Preservation of corneas by K-SOL

Os AA. apresentam as possibilidades de preparo e conservaçäo de córneas pelo K-SOL (Sulfato de Condoitrin 2.5 p/cento). Comparam córneas de coelhos conservadas em K-SOL e McCarey-Kaufman (M-K). Recomendam o K-SOL como capaz de preservar córneas até 15 dias