Relación entre enfermedad periodontal, infección bacteriana ascendente y patología placentaria con parto prematuro / Relationship between periodontal diseases and ascending bacterial infection with preterm delivery

Background: There is an association between periodontal diseases and preterm delivery. Aim: To assess the relationship between periodontal diseases, ascending bacterial infection and placental pathology with preterm delivery. Patients and methods: A periodontal examination and collection of amniotic fluid and subgingival plaque samples were performed in women with preterm labor with intact membranes, without an evident clinical cause or preterm premature rupture of membranes, without clinical chorioamnionitis or labor and a gestational age between 24 and 34 weeks. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity was defined as the presence of a positive amniotic fluid culture. Cervicovaginal infection was defined as a bacterial vaginosis or positive culture of cervix or vagina with a high neutrophil count. Ascending bacterial infection was diagnosed as the microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity by ascending bacteria or cervicovaginal infection. Corioamnionitis, funisitis or vellositis were diagnosed. Results: Fifty-nine women were included: fortytwowith preterm labor with intact membranes and seventeen with preterm premature rupture of membranes. The prevalence of periodontal diseases was 93.2%. Microbial invasion of the amniotic fluid was detected in 27.1% of patients. Periodontal pathogenic bacteria were isolated in 18.6% of amniotic fluid samples and 71.2% of subgingival plaque samples. The prevalence of ascending bacterial infection was 83.1% and in 72.9% of women it was associated with periodontal disease. Preterm delivery (<37 weeks) occurred in 64.4% of patients and was significantly associated with generalized periodontal disease and with the association of ascending bacterial infection and periodontal diseases. Patients with preterm delivery and generalized periodontal disease had a higher frequency of chorioamnionitis and funisitis...

Histologic chorioamnionitis & its association with prematurity in a hospital-based study.

This prospective study was undertaken to study the occurrence of histologic chorioamnionitis and determine its association with prematurity; and to assess whether colonization of the genital tract of pregnant women by genital mycoplasmas or Chlamydia trachomatis is a risk factor for histologic chorioamnionitis. A total of 268 women with singleton pregnancies of over 26 weeks gestation were subjected to high vaginal cultures of genital mycoplasmas and endocervical specimens for chlamydia antigen. Placental histopathology was performed on multiple sections. Histologic chorioamnionitis was documented in 22.4 per cent (60/208) placentae. Genital tract colonization with Ureaplasma urealyticum or C. trachomatis was not a risk factor for histologic chorioamnionitis. Neonates born in association with histologic chorioamnionitis had a mean birth weight 111 g lower than those born without this lesion (2626.9 +/- 702 g vs 2737.8 +/- 500 g, NS). The relative risk (95% confidence interval) of prematurity in the presence of histologic chorioamnionitis was 1.49 (0.87-2.53). Analysis of linear trend in proportions for prevalence of histologic chorioamnionitis with decreasing gestation showed a significant association (P = 0.047, 1-tail). These results taken together suggest that histologic chorioamnionitis may be a risk factor of prematurity, but of only a modest magnitude.

Histopatología de la placenta en la rotura prematura de membranas de pretérmino: relación con la microbiología aislada y con los resultados maternoneonatales / Placental pathology in premature rupture of membranes: its relationship with microbiologícal findings, maternal and neonatal outcome

Background: There is a close relationship between premature membrane rupture, bacterial infections and premature labor. Aim: To study placental histological changes in patients with preterm membrane rupture. To establish a relationship between pathological findings, amniotic fluid and lower genital tract microbiological studies, maternal and neonatal outcome. Patients and methods: Patients with premature membrane rupture of membranes between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation participated in this study. On admission, patients had no evidence of clinical chorioamnionitis, labor or fetal distress. Microbiological studies of the amniotic fluid and cervicovaginal secretions were performed and the placenta was sent for pathological study. Results: Seventy one placentas were available for the study. The main pathological findings were acute chorioamnionitis in 58 percent, trophoblastic proliferation in 38 percent, funisitis in 37 percent, villitis in 16 percent, fetal vascular lesions in 14 percent and no findings in 17 percent. Microbial invasion of amniotic cavity was present in 89 percent of acute chorioamnionitis. Sixty one percent of trophoblastic proliferation and all fetal vascular lesions were associated with negative amniotic and cervical cultures. Newborns with acute funisitis had a higher frequency of neonatal death (29 percent), severe asphyxia (42 percent) and neonatal infections (29 percent). Conclusions: Acute chorioamnionitis is the most frequent finding in patients with preterm membrane rupture and microbial invasion of amniotic cavity. In the absence of intra amniotic infection, proliferation of the trophoblast and the presence of fetal vascular lesions predominate. Acute funisitis is strongly associated with adverse fetal outcome

Identificación con coloración de Gram de la población bacteriana en la corioamnionitis aguda. Hospital Central "Antonio Maria Pineda" de Barquisimeto / Identification with Gram colouring of the bacterian population in the acute chorioamnionitis. Hospital Central \"Antonio Maria Pineda\" from Barquisimeto

Un total de 60 pacientes del Hospital Central "Antonio Maria Pineda" de Barquisimeto, con diagnóstico clínico de corioamnionitis, fueron escogidas estadísticamente (muestra a conveniencia) y estudiado el líquido amniótico con la colaboración de Gram, con la finalidad de establecer el porcentaje de infección por gérmenes Gram Positivos y Gram Negativos. Se encontró un 53 por ciento de gérmenes Gram Positivos, 29 por ciento de gérmenes mixtos y 18 por ciento de gérmenes Gram Negativos. Se recomienda ampliar la investigación en este campo y hacer el manejo terapéutico adecuado, teniendo en cuenta que las infecciones amnióticas observadas en el Hospital Central "Antonio Maria Pineda" de Barquisimeto, son en su mayoría producidas por gérmenes Gram Positivos