ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa de evolución progresiva que representa el tipo más común de demencia. El riesgo de presentar enfermedad de Alzheimer familiar (EAF) puede aumentar 2 a 4 veces entre los individuos que tienen un familiar de primer grado con la enfermedad, para la cual se han identificado mutaciones en tres genes, definidas como causales (PSEN-1, PSEN-2 y APP). OBJETIVO: evaluar la utilidad del estudio molecular de los genes PSEN-1, PPA, PSEN-2 (cromosomas 14, 21 y 1) en el diagnóstico de enfermedad de Alzheimer de inicio temprano (EAIT). METODOLOGÍA: se realizó una búsqueda de evidencia en las bases de datos: MEDLINE, EMBASE, la Librería Cochrane y LILACS. Dos evaluadores de manera independiente, tamizaron las referencias obtenidas, resolviendo las discrepancias por consenso. Se identificaron únicamente estudios descriptivos, a partir de los cuales se basan los resultados del presente informe. RESULTADOS: se identificaron 5 estudios descriptivos. Los estudios confirman la identificación de los 3 genes determinantes en la aparición de la enfermedad de EAIT; las mutaciones más frecuentemente identificadas son las pertenecientes al gen PSEN-1. CONCLUSIONES: el estudio molecular de los genes PSEN-1, PSEN-2 y PPA en pacientes con demencia de inicio temprano (< de 65 años) e historia familiar de demencia, se considera el patrón de oro para el diagnóstico de EAIT de transmisión autosómico dominante.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Colombia , Alzheimer Disease/geneticsABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Ataxia Telangiectasia/genetics , Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins/genetics , Base Sequence , Chromosome Inversion , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics , DNA Mutational Analysis , Karyotyping , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mutation , RNA Splicing , Translocation, GeneticABSTRACT
In this case report we describe a child with a de novo deletion in the (q11.2q13) region of chromosome 14. The child presented with dysmorphic features - anophthalmia, microcephaly, and growth retardation. Cytogenetic studies showed mosaicism. The karyotype was 46,XX,del(14)(q11.2;q13) [16] /46,XX [9]. We compared the features observed in this child with that of others with the same deletion reported in scientific literature and found that this is the first report of a child mosaic for this deletion. It is also the first time it has been reported in association with anophthalmia.
Subject(s)
Anophthalmos/genetics , Chromosome Deletion , Chromosome Disorders/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics , Female , Humans , Infant , Microcephaly/genetics , Mosaicism/geneticsSubject(s)
Aged , Aneuploidy , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics , Female , Humans , Karyotyping , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology , Metaphase , Translocation, Genetic/geneticsABSTRACT
We report a case of familial small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) in a child with translocation Down syndrome (DS)and mother.The GTG-banded chromosomal analysis of DS child revealed 47,XY,+21,+mar and mother karyotype was 47,XX,+mar.The GTG-banded sSMC had a similar morphology of small acrocentric chromosomes .Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)evaluation of sSMC using centromere probes(13/21,14/22,22)confirmed sSMC as derivative chromosome 14.The sSMC was not specifically stained with whole chromosome paint and arm-specific probes for chromosome 14;thus it has been described as der(14)(:p11-q11:).The phenotypic changes were not evident, may be due to trisomy condition in the child or the sSMC contain repetitive sequences.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Chromosome Banding , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics , Down Syndrome/genetics , Female , Humans , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Infant , Male , Translocation, Genetic/genetics , Trisomy/geneticsABSTRACT
Genetic alterations have been recognized as an important event in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer (GC). We conducted high resolution bacterial artificial chromosome array-comparative genomic hybridization, to elucidate in more detail the genomic alterations, and to establish a pattern of DNA copy number changes with distinct clinical variables in GC. Our results showed some correlations between novel amplified or deleted regions and clinical status. Copy-number gains were frequently detected at 1p, 5p, 7q, 8q, 11p, 16p, 20p and 20q, and losses at 1p, 2q, 4q, 5q, 7q, 9p, 14q, and 18q. Losses at 4q23, 9p23, 14q31.1, or 18q21.1 as well as a gain at 20q12 were correlated with tumor-node-metastasis tumor stage. Losses at 9p23 or 14q31.1 were associated with lymph node status. Metastasis was determined to be related to losses at 4q23 or 4q28.2, as well as losses at 4q15.2, 4q21.21, 4q 28.2, or 14q31.1, with differentiation. One of the notable aspects of this study was that the losses at 4q or 14q could be employed in the evaluation of the metastatic status of GC. Our results should provide a potential resource for the molecular cytogenetic events in GC, and should also provide clues in the hunt for genes associated with GC.