ABSTRACT
RESUMEN: Introducción: El abordaje de la salud mental requiere acciones interprofesionales, sin embargo, su enseñanza es tradicionalmente uniprofesional y en escenarios especializados, reforzando la creencia que la salud mental es cuestión de especialistas. Es por esto que se diseña la primera rotación interprofesional en salud mental de la que se tenga conocimiento en Colombia, en la cual rotan estudiantes de medicina y psicología. El objetivo del presente artículo es describir este proceso y la rotación. Material y método: Se describe cuáles fueron los pasos para el diseño y la implementación de la rotación interprofesional en salud mental. Resultados: Se describe la rotación, la cual cuenta con elementos clínicos y simulados y diversas metodologías de aprendizaje y evaluación. Conclusiones: La rotación interprofesional es una estrategia útil en el proceso de aprendizaje de competencias en salud mental y habilidades para el trabajo interprofesional.
ABSTRACT Background: Mental health approaches require interprofessional actions. However, education on mental health is traditionally uniprofessional and is performed in specialized scenarios which reinforces the belief that mental health is only a concern for specialists. This is the reason why the first interprofessional mental health rotation in Colombia was designed and launched. The aim of this paper is to describe that process and the rotation itself. Material and method: This work describes the steps for the design and implementation of an interprofessional rotation on mental health. which involve medicine and psychology students. Results: The structure of the rotation is detailed. It contains both a clinical component and a simulated one, and diverse methodologies for learning and assessment. Conclusions: This interprofessional rotation is a useful strategy in the learning process of specific competences in mental health, and it facilitates acquisition of skills for teamwork.
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology/education , Clinical Medicine/education , Mental Health , Feasibility Studies , Education, Medical , Interprofessional EducationABSTRACT
Introducción: La formación del capital humano en salud y, por tanto, la del médico no están estructuradas sobre la base de competencias profesionales, a pesar de su importancia en la educación del hombre y estar contempladas en el propósito básico de la carrera de Medicina. Objetivo: Exponer mediante análisis crítico las potencialidades del diseño curricular basado en competencias profesionales desde las asignaturas de Propedéutica Clínica y Medicina Interna en la carrera de Medicina. Desarrollo: Se aborda cómo el proceso de formación del pregrado requiere redimensionamiento y perfeccionamiento curricular, con mayor aproximación al objeto de la profesión, a través de la formación por competencias. Además, cómo aprovechar la educación en el trabajo en Propedéutica Clínica y Medicina Interna, esenciales y rectoras, mediante el pase de visita y la discusión diagnóstica, que constituyen ambientes inapreciables para desarrollar la formación por competencias, donde el método clínico tiene su cimiento más sólido. De manera que la formación por competencias se convierta en instrumento esencial para el perfeccionamiento en el campo educacional y represente una propuesta útil avalada por prestigiosos organismos internacionales, que urge generalizar en pos del mejoramiento continuo de la educación. Conclusiones: La estructuración de un plan de estudio basado en competencias profesionales puede respaldar resultados formativos superiores, para lograr un egresado universitario más preparado, trascendente y comprometido con la sociedad, que sea capaz de cumplir mejor el encargo social del sistema de salud cubano(AU)
Introduction: The formation of human resources in health and, subsequently, that of the physician are not structured on the basis of professional competences, despite their importance in the education of human beings and the fact that they are included in the basic purpose of the medical major. Objective: To expose, through critical analysis, the potentialities of the curricular design based on professional competences with respect to the subjects of Clinical Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine in the medical major. Development: This work addresses how the undergraduate training process requires redimensioning and improvement of its curricular design, with greater approximation to the object of the profession, through competence-based training. In addition, it addresses how to take advantage of education at work in the subjects of Clinical Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, as far as they are both essential and guiding, by means of patients' visits and diagnostic discussions as invaluable settings for developing competence-based training, where the clinical method has its most solid foundation. Thus, competence-based training becomes an essential instrument for improvement in the educational field and represents a useful proposal endorsed by prestigious international organizations, which urgently needs to be generalized for the continuous improvement of education. Conclusions: The structuring of a study plan based on professional competences can support superior training outcomes, in view of achieving a more prepared university graduate, with a transcendent performance and committed to society, who is able to fulfill better the social task of the Cuban health system(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Preceptorship/methods , Professional Competence , Clinical Medicine/education , Education, Medical , Education, Premedical , Interprofessional Education/methodsABSTRACT
La devolución facilitadora, también conocida como feedback, es una herramienta fundamental de la evaluación formativa, mediante la cual el docente le acerca al alumno información sobre su desempeño con el objetivo de destacar fortalezas, identificar debilidades y planificar cómo superarlas. La forma en la cual se lleva a cabo es fundamental y tiene un impacto directo sobre el resultado del proceso. El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar conceptualizaciones sobre la retroalimentación formativa a partir de un relato autobiográfico de una docente en el ámbito de la salud que involucra la enseñanza clínica en la sala de internación de residentes de Dermatología. El análisis de las experiencias previas de la evaluación formativa a la luz de los conocimientos construidos durante la formación como docente, pone en evidencia que es crucial que se aprenda a educar y a dar feedback para poder contar con herramientas que permitan acompañar a los alumnos en la construcción del conocimiento. (AU)
Formative feedback is considered an important tool of formative evaluation, that allows the teacher to provide information to the students about their performance, in order to highlight their strengths, identify weaknesses and plan how to overcome them. The way in which this is carried out is fundamental and has a direct impact on the outcome of the process. We sought to evaluate the perceptions and ideas on the training feedback loop, based on the autobiographical report of a Senior Faculty whose core activities are directed towards the teaching of Medical Residents and Dermatology trainees. The analysis of past experiences in light of knowledge constructed while becoming a Teacher shows the crucial need and interrelationship of teaching and timely feedback. The latter provide much needed tools for Students during their learning process. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Competency-Based Education/methods , Education, Professional/methods , Educational Measurement/methods , Formative Feedback , Students, Medical , Teaching/education , Clinical Medicine/education , Dermatology/education , Professional Training , Faculty, Medical/education , Teacher Training/trends , Internship and Residency/methodsABSTRACT
Se sistematizaron referentes teóricos que sustentan el diagnóstico de las enfermedades periodontales, apoyado en el uso del método clínico, lo que potencia la labor del profesor de la asignatura Periodoncia en la carrera de Estomatología dirigida a la preparación del estudiante para esta finalidad, durante el período enero a julio de 2017, en la Facultad de Estomatología de Guantánamo(AU)
We systematized theoretical references that support the diagnosis of periodontal diseases, supported by the use of the clinical method, which enhances the work of the professor of the subject Periodontics in the career of Stomatology aimed at preparing the student for this purpose, during the period January to July 2017, in the Faculty of Stomatology of Guantánamo(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Periodontal Diseases/diagnosis , Periodontics/education , Clinical Medicine/education , Education, DentalABSTRACT
La formación en clínica médica presenta particularidades a las que es necesario atender tanto en el momento de diseñar dispositivos y estrategias de formación, como a la hora de comprender cuáles son los problemas que se suscitan e implementar mejoras. Se analizan y comunican distintas modalidades de formación en la clínica médica observadas en un proceso de investigación llevado a cabo en el marco de una universidad nacional y que pueden constituir herramientas de análisis para pensar la formación de los futuros médicos
Training in medical clinic has specific characteristics, which need to be addressed when designing both devices and professional education strategies, as well as when understanding what problems arise and implementing improvements. As a result of a research process in the context of a national university, this paper analyzes and communicates various training types in medical clinic that can provide analysis tools that might help think the training of future medical doctors
A formação em clínica médica apresenta particularidades que é necessário atender tanto ao momento de projetar dispositivos e estratégias de formação, quanto na hora de compreender quais são os problemas que decorrem dela e implementar melhoras. Analisam-se e comunicam-se diversas modalidades de formação em clínica médica observadas durante um processo de pesquisa desenvolvido no âmbito de una universidade nacional e que podem constituir ferramentas de análise para pensar a formação dos futuros médicos
Subject(s)
Clinical Medicine/education , Education, Medical , Professional TrainingABSTRACT
Posiblemente la enseñanza al lado de la cama del paciente sea tan antigua como la medicina misma. Grandes maestros de la medicina como F. Silvio o Sir W. Osler abogaron por un uso intenso de la misma destacando sus virtudes. En la era moderna se le reconoce a la enseñanza en las recorridas múltiples aspectos que no pueden ser enseñados en el aula, como el aprendizaje de las habilidades de la comunicación, de la exploración física, la enseñanza de los aspectos humanísticos, etc., pero también múltiples barreras que dificultan una exitosa implementación. En este artículo se detallan las barreras que con mayor frecuencia impiden que el docente promueva un aprendizaje significativo y profundo, y una serie propuestas prácticas que favorecen su adecuada implementación
Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Competence , Education, Medical/methods , Inpatients , Clinical Medicine/education , Problem-Based Learning , Teaching , Visitors to Patients/educationABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente trabajo es exponer algunas consideraciones acerca de la situación actual y posibilidades de perfeccionamiento curricular para la carrera de Medicina en Cuba, en lo concerniente al desarrollo del pensamiento científico vinculado al razonamiento clínico y el papel que le corresponde jugar a las ciencias básicas biomédicas (CBB) en el contexto de la formación de los médicos que se proyectan en el modelo del profesional vigente. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos para el establecimiento del marco referencial y para la conformación de las consideraciones relativas al objetivo declarado. La integración de las CBB con las clínicas desde etapas tempranas y a lo largo de toda la carrera en el proceso de formación médica, ofrece ventajas para sentar las bases de una transferencia integradora de modos de actuación profesional más efectiva y un mejor desarrollo del razonamiento clínico. La existencia de la disciplina Morfofisiología en la carrera de Medicina en Cuba, es un paso adelante, aunque perfectible, en el camino de la actualización y modernización curricular. No obstante, el tránsito hacia una adecuada integración de las CBB con las ciencias clínicas en el perfeccionamiento curricular requiere que pase a formar parte de la política formativa de médicos en Cuba, con el fomento del ambiente académico en las instituciones docente-asistenciales. La representación de las CBB en el currículo base perfeccionado debiera responder al principio de pertinencia, respecto de las necesidades de aprendizaje de la clínica, derivadas del modelo del profesional que se establezca. Los ajustes para estudiantes extranjeros pueden lograrse mediante una apropiada utilización del currículo flexible
The present paper was aimed at presenting some considerations on the present situation and the possibilities of the improved curriculum for the medical career in Cuba as to the development of scientific thinking linked to clinical reasoning and the role that the basic biomedical sciences should play in the formation of physicians within the present professional model. There were used theoretical methods to establish the referential context and to shape the considerations connected to the stated objective. The integration of the BBS and the clinical sciences at early stages and throughout the complete process of medical formation offers several advantages to lay the foundations for more effective transfer of professional performances and better development of the clinical reasoning. The inclusion of Morphophysiology discipline in the medical studies in Cuba is a step forward in the road to curricular updating and modernization, though further improvement is still needed. Nevertheless, the transit to adequate integration of the basic biomedical and the clinical sciences in the curricular improvement requires that this integration be part of the medical formation policy in Cuba, with the corresponding promotion of the academic environment in the teaching-assistance institutions. The presence of BBS in the upgraded base curriculum should respond to the principle of relevance in terms of the learning requirements of clinics derived from the professional model to be set. The adjustments for the formation of foreign students may be made through suitable utilization of a flexible curriculum
Subject(s)
Clinical Competence , Clinical Medicine/educationABSTRACT
Este estudo avaliou a eficácia do método de ensino teórico e prático sobre diabetes e a atitude de profissionais médicos quanto à realização de controle glicêmico intensivo. Participaram de um curso de imersão em diabetes, com dois dias de duração, 48 médicos-residentes de clínica médica ou endocrinologia. Os participantes receberam treinamento de monitorização de glicemia capilar, técnicas de aplicação de insulina e contagem de carboidratos, sendo orientados a se portarem como diabéticos e a seguir prescrição médica individual. Foram avaliados através de questionários. No questionário de conhecimentos, observou-se um aumento significante de 12 por cento no índice de acertos entre o início e o final do curso (61,2 por cento e 73,2 por cento, respectivamente, com p < 0,0001). Antes do curso, 70,8 por cento dos participantes diziam ter dificuldades na contagem de carboidratos e 89,6 por cento, na automonitorização glicêmica. Após a experiência prática, 82,9 por cento dos participantes encontraram dificuldades na realização de contagem de carboidratos e 80,8 por cento, na automonitorização; 40,4 por cento fizeram uso de todas as medicações prescritas e 36,1 por cento monitorizaram todas as glicemias. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que esse tipo de curso é eficaz para a aquisição de conhecimentos e contribui com a sensibilização do profissional médico quanto às dificuldades cotidianas enfrentadas pelo portador de diabetes melito na aderência às recomendações.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of theoretical and practical teaching method in diabetes and doctors' position about feasibility of intensive blood glucose control. Forty-eight internal medicine or endocrinology residents participated in a two-day diabetes immersion course. The participants received training on self-blood glucose monitoring, techniques of insulin administration and carbohydrate counting. They were also instructed to behave as patients with diabetes and to follow individual medical prescription. They were assessed through questionnaires. In knowledge assessment, a significant increase of 12 percent was observed between the beginning and the end of the course (61.2 percent and 73.2 percent, respectively, with p < 0.0001). Before the course, 70.8 percent and 89.6 percent of the participants believed there were complications in performing carbohydrate counting and blood glucose monitoring, respectively. After the experience, 82.9 percent of them had difficulties in carbohydrate counting and 80.8 percent in self-monitoring; 40.4 percent took all medications prescribed and 36.1 percent monitored blood glucose correctly. These results show that the methodology of this course is an effective way to disseminate knowledge and that it contributes to doctors becoming more sensitive to daily problems faced by patients with diabetes melito concerning the acceptance of medical recommendations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus , Education, Medical, Continuing/methods , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring , Clinical Medicine/education , Dietary Carbohydrates , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Endocrinology/education , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Insulin/administration & dosage , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
To identify the attributes of effective clinical teacher, using a self-filled survey questionnaire, that students and faculty value most, and to compare the opinion of student and faculty regarding the same. Cross-sectional study. The Aga Khan University Hospital [AKUH], Karachi from October 2006 to January 2007. Clinical faculty at AKUH and students in clinical years were included in this survey after taking their written informed consent. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to all participants. Responses were compared. A total of 119 students in clinical years [3, 4 and 5] and 89 faculties involved in clinical teaching responded to the questionnaire. The most important attributes in faculty's and students' perspective were knowledge, interest in teaching and clinical competency. In students and faculty perspective, the fourth and fifth attributes were good communication skills and being non-judgmental. Students in clinical years and clinical teachers valued knowledge, interest in teaching and clinical competency as the most important attributes for an effective clinical teacher. There were various areas of agreement and disagreement between faculty and students about attributes of effective clinical teacher