ABSTRACT
Partindo da pergunta "Como tem sido ser mulher e mãe em tempos de pandemia?", o presente estudo convidou mulheres que são mães, em redes sociais virtuais, a partilhar um relato de suas experiências com a readaptação parental em função do distanciamento social causado pela pandemia de covid-19. O objetivo foi refletir sobre a experiência de ser mulher e mãe em tempos de covid-19 e distanciamento social, apontando algumas ressonâncias do cenário pandêmico na subjetividade dessas mulheres. O estudo teve como base o referencial psicanalítico, tanto na construção da pesquisa e análise dos relatos quanto na sua discussão. A análise dos cerca de 340 relatos coletados, os quais variaram de uma breve frase a longos parágrafos, apontou para uma série de questionamentos, pontos de análise e reflexões. A pandemia, e o decorrente distanciamento social, parece ter colocado uma lente de aumento sobre as angústias das mulheres que são mães, evidenciando sentimentos e sofrimentos sempre presentes. Destacaram-se, nos relatos, a sobrecarga das mulheres com as tarefas de cuidado dos filhos e da casa, a culpa, a solidão, a exaustão, e o sentimento de que não havia espaço nesse contexto para "ser mulher", sendo isso entendido especialmente a questões estéticas e de vaidade.(AU)
Starting from the question "How does it feel to be a woman and a mother in pandemic times?", this study invited women who are mothers, in virtual social networks, to share their experiences regarding parental adaptations due to social distancing caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective was to reflect on the experience of being a woman and a mother in the context of COVID-19 and of social distancing, pointing out some resonances of the pandemic scenario in the subjectivity of these women. The study was based on the psychoanalytical framework, both in the construction of the research and analysis of the reports and in their discussion. The analysis of about 340 collected reports, which ranged from a brief sentence to long paragraphs, pointed to a series of questions, analysis topics, and reflections. The pandemic, and the resulting social distancing, seems to have placed a magnifying glass over the anguish of women who are mothers, showing ever-present feelings and suffering. The reports highlighted women's overload with child and house care tasks, the guilt, loneliness, exhaustion, and the feeling that there was no space in this context to "be a woman," and it extends to aesthetic and vanity related questions especially.(AU)
A partir de la pregunta "¿cómo te sientes siendo mujer y madre en tiempos de pandemia?", este estudio invitó por las redes sociales a mujeres que son madres a compartir un relato de sus experiencias sobre la readaptación parental en función del distanciamiento social causado por la pandemia del covid-19. Su objetivo fue reflexionar sobre la experiencia de ser mujer y madre en tiempos del covid-19 y el distanciamiento social, señalando algunas resonancias del escenario pandémico en la subjetividad de estas mujeres. Este estudio se basó en el marco psicoanalítico, tanto en la construcción de la investigación y análisis de los informes como en su discusión. El análisis de los casi 340 relatos, que variaron de una pequeña frase a largos párrafos, generó en las investigadoras una serie de cuestionamientos y reflexiones. La pandemia y el consecuente distanciamiento social parece haber agrandado las angustias de las mujeres que son madres, evidenciando sentimientos y sufrimientos siempre presentes. En los relatos destacan la sobrecarga de las mujeres con las tareas de cuidado de los hijos y del hogar, la culpa, la soledad, el cansancio, así como el sentimiento de que no hay espacio em este contexto para "ser mujer", relacionado principalmente a cuestiones estéticas y de vanidad.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Psychoanalysis , Women , Parenting , Pandemics , COVID-19 , Anxiety , Parent-Child Relations , Paternal Behavior , Paternity , Prenatal Care , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Relaxation , Self Care , Self Concept , Social Adjustment , Social Responsibility , Socialization , Socioeconomic Factors , Stereotyping , Stress, Physiological , Stress, Psychological , Women's Rights , Work Hours , Body Image , Burnout, Professional , Activities of Daily Living , Pregnancy , Adaptation, Biological , Family , Marriage , Child , Child Development , Child Rearing , Quarantine , Hygiene , Mental Health , Family Health , Immunization , Sex Characteristics , Universal Precautions , Employment, Supported , Cost of Illness , Confusion , Feminism , Self Efficacy , Affect , Culture , Parturition , Depression , Postpartum Period , Educational Status , Ego , Employment , Fear , Femininity , Sexism , Work-Life Balance , Frailty , Occupational Stress , Androcentrism , Freedom , Self-Neglect , Frustration , Body Dissatisfaction , Psychological Distress , Social Comparison , Teleworking , Physical Distancing , Gender Equity , Family Support , Family Structure , Guilt , Health Promotion , Household Work , Identification, Psychological , Identity Crisis , Income , Individuation , Anger , Leisure Activities , Loneliness , Love , Maternal Behavior , Maternal Welfare , MothersABSTRACT
Introduction: Trigeminal neuralgia and Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Headache with Conjunctival injection and Tearing (SUNCT)/Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Headache Attacks with Cranial Autonomic Symptoms (SUNA) are characterized by similar clinical manifestations, which may lead to diagnostic confusion. However, the transformation of trigeminal neuralgia into SUNCT/SUNA is a rare phenomenon. This report describes a case of trigeminal neuralgia transformation into SUNCT/SUNA due to neurovascular compression and reviews all previously published cases of trigeminal neuralgia to SUNCT/SUNA transformation in the literature. Case presentation: A 49-year-old Thai male patient presented with progressive right facial pain for a period of three months. One year prior, he developed trigeminal neuralgia along the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve, characterized by electrical shock-like pain in the right upper molar, exacerbated by eating. His symptoms were effectively managed with carbamazepine. Nine months later, he began experiencing recurrent electrical shock-like pain along the ophthalmic division of the right trigeminal nerve, accompanied by lacrimation, which failed to respond to continued treatment with carbamazepine. Three months prior to presentation, his symptoms evolved into SUNCT/SUNA, characterized by electrical shock-like pain in the right periorbital area and conjunctival injection, lacrimation. Neuroimaging revealed high-grade neurovascular compression of the right trigeminal nerve by the right superior cerebellar artery. The patient's symptoms resolved following microvascular decompression. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware that patients with longer disease duration of trigeminal neuralgia who develop new neuralgic pain in the ophthalmic branch division with mild autonomic symptoms may be at risk for transformation into SUNCT/SUNA.
Introduction: Trigeminal neuralgia and Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Headache with Conjunctival injection and Tearing (SUNCT)/Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Headache Attacks with Cranial Autonomic Symptoms (SUNA) are characterized by similar clinical manifestations, which may lead to diagnostic confusion. However, the transformation of trigeminal neuralgia into SUNCT/SUNA is a rare phenomenon. This report describes a case of trigeminal neuralgia transformation into SUNCT/SUNA due to neurovascular compression and reviews all previously published cases of trigeminal neuralgia to SUNCT/SUNA transformation in the literature. Case presentation: A 49-year-old Thai male patient presented with progressive right facial pain for a period of three months. One year prior, he developed trigeminal neuralgia along the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve, characterized by electrical shock-like pain in the right upper molar, exacerbated by eating. His symptoms were effectively managed with carbamazepine. Nine months later, he began experiencing recurrent electrical shock-like pain along the ophthalmic division of the right trigeminal nerve, accompanied by lacrimation, which failed to respond to continued treatment with carbamazepine. Three months prior to presentation, his symptoms evolved into SUNCT/SUNA, characterized by electrical shock-like pain in the right periorbital area and conjunctival injection, lacrimation. Neuroimaging revealed high-grade neurovascular compression of the right trigeminal nerve by the right superior cerebellar artery. The patient's symptoms resolved following microvascular decompression. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware that patients with longer disease duration of trigeminal neuralgia who develop new neuralgic pain in the ophthalmic branch division with mild autonomic symptoms may be at risk for transformation into SUNCT/SUNA
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Disease/classification , Headache/diagnosis , Therapeutics/adverse effects , World Health Organization/organization & administration , Facial Pain/classification , Confusion/therapyABSTRACT
Dream-reality confusion (DRC) is the consequence of hypnagogic content confusion with real events and memories. Narcoleptic subjects eventually have DRC and can be misdiagnosed as schizophrenic or with another disorder with delusional or hallucinatory symptoms. Although dream-related experiences and hallucinatory perception share neurophysiological pathways, they are phenomenologically distinct. The lack of phenomenological intentionality in Dreamrelated perceptions, the different cognitive pathways for delusion generation, and other differences between mental disorders psychopathology, and DRC-related phenomena are here discussed. The lived world and awake experience interpretation, and dream neurobiology in narcoleptic subjects related to DRC, might indicate some hints for the mind-brain gap issue that still exists in neurology and psychiatry.
A confusão entre realidade e sonho (CRS) é a consequência da confusão do conteúdo hipnagógico com eventos e memórias reais. Sujeitos narcolépticos eventualmente têm CRS e podem ser diagnosticados erroneamente como esquizofrênicos ou com outro transtorno com sintomas delirantes ou alucinatórios. Embora as experiências relacionadas ao sonho e à percepção alucinatória compartilhem vias neurofisiológicas, elas são fenomenologicamente distintas. A falta de intencionalidade fenomenológica nas percepções relacionadas ao sonho, as diferentes vias cognitivas para a geração do delírio e outras diferenças entre a psicopatologia dos transtornos mentais e os fenômenos relacionados à CRS são discutidos aqui. A interpretação do mundo vivido e da experiência de vigília, e a neurobiologia dos sonhos em sujeitos narcolépticos relacionados à CRS, podem indicar algumas dicas para a questão do gap mente-cérebro que ainda existe na neurologia e na psiquiatria.
Subject(s)
Humans , Confusion/psychology , Sleep Arousal Disorders , Dreams/psychology , Narcolepsy/diagnosis , Narcolepsy/psychology , REM Sleep Parasomnias , Diagnosis, Differential , Hallucinations/psychologyABSTRACT
Distúrbios do sono e as alterações do estado de humor, quando não tratados, estão associados à perda de produtividade e acidentes de trabalho, resultando em lesões e fatalidade. Esses distúrbios são subdiagnosticados e subtratados em contextos clínicos, porque podem ser assintomáticos e o exame de polissonografia tem custo elevado. Por isso, questionários são usados para realizar uma triagem e detectar profissionais com alto risco de síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono, de sonolência diurna excessiva e fadiga. Este estudo teve como objetivo aplicar questionários validados para triagem dos distúrbios do sono e do humor em pilotos civis e analisar os resultados obtidos com a aplicação desses instrumentos. Foram coletados dados de 44 pilotos civis por meio de quatro instrumentos: um questionário para a caracterização sociodemográfica e ocupacional da amostra, a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth para avaliar a presença de sonolência diurna excessiva, o Questionário de Berlim para avaliar a Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono e a Escala de Humor de Brunel para avaliar o estado de humor. A Escala de Sonolência de Epworth mostrou que 25% dos pilotos apresentaram pontuação para sonolência diurna excessiva. De acordo com o Questionário de Berlim, 29,5% apresentaram alto risco para a Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono e pela Escala de Humor de Brunel, o domínio vigor, teve a média mais alta (5,09 ±4,06). Portanto, a utilização dos questionários nos exames de admissão e nos periódicos, pode auxiliar na identificação precoce e no monitoramento de distúrbios do sono e dos estados de humor ao longo do tempo em pilotos civis, priorizando aqueles que deverão ser encaminhados para realizarem estudos do sono.
Sleep disorders and mood state changes, when untreated, are associated with loss of productivity and accidents at work, resulting in injuries and fatality. These disorders are underdiagnosed and undertreated in clinical contexts due to them being asymptomatic and the prohibitive cost of polysomnography exams. For this reason, questionnaires are used to screen and detect professionals at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, excessive daytime sleepiness, and fatigue. This study aimed at applying validated questionnaires for screening sleep and mood disorders in civilian pilots and analyzing the results obtained with the application of these instruments. Data were collected from 44 civilian pilots using four instruments: a questionnaire for sociodemographic and occupational characterization of the sample; the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to assess the presence of excessive daytime sleepiness; the Berlin Questionnaire to assess Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome; and the Brunel Mood Scale to assess the mood state. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale showed that 25% of the pilots presented scores for excessive daytime sleepiness. According to the Berlin Questionnaire, 29.5% were at high risk for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, and according to the Brunel Mood Scale, the vigor domain presented the highest mean (5.09 ± 4.06). Therefore, the use of questionnaires in admission and periodic exams can assist in the early identification and monitoring of sleep disorders and mood states over time in civilian pilots, prioritizing those who should be referred to sleep studies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Pilots , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence , Sleep Apnea Syndromes , Sleep Deprivation , Polysomnography , Confusion , Wit and Humor , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Depression , Fatigue , SleepinessABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os níveis de estado de humor de mulheres adultas praticantes de atividade física regular com os de mulheres adultas sedentárias. Participaram do estudo 57 mulheres (53,36 ± 10,68 anos de idade), divididas em dois grupos: ativas e sedentárias. Utilizou-se um questionário para caracterização da amostra e a Escala de Humor de Brunel (BRUMS). Os resultados do presente estudo demonstraram que as mulheres ativas apresentaram estado de humor positivo, além de apresentaram baixos escores para o estado de humor negativo, quando comparadas aos escores das mulheres sedentárias. Pode-se concluir que a atividade física pode influenciar positivamente o estado de humor.
The aim of this study was to compare mood levels of adult women engaged in regular physical activity with those of sedentary adult women. Fifty-seven women participated in the study (53.36 ± 10.68 years' old), divided into two groups: active and sedentary. A questionnaire was used to characterize the sample, and the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) was also applied. The results demonstrated that active women had a positive mood state in addition to having low scores for negative mood state when compared to the scores of sedentary women. It can be concluded that physical activity can have a positive influence on mood state.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Wit and Humor as Topic/psychology , Exercise/psychology , Stress, Psychological , Walking/psychology , Confusion/prevention & control , Depression , Fatigue/psychology , Sedentary Behavior , Psychology, SportsABSTRACT
La sintomatología usual de COVID-19 incluye fiebre, dolor de garganta, tos seca, fatiga, dolores musculares, anosmia e hipogeusia. Al desarrollar neumonía los pacientes usualmente presentan disnea. La sintomatología atípica de la enfermedad, la cual es basta, no se ha narrado ampliamente. Esta incluye sintomatología del sistema nervioso, como agitación, confusión e incluso convulsiones; de aparato ocular, como la conjuntivitis y la epifora; del sistema auditivo, como la pérdida auditiva neurosensorial; de la piel, como son eritema con vesículas o pústulas (pseudo eritema pernio o pseudo-sabañones), otras erupciones vesiculares, lesiones urticariales, erupciones maculopapulares y la livedo o necrosis; del sistema cardíaco, como el daño agudo al miocardio y las arritmias; del sistema gastrointestinal, como las náuseas, el vómito y la diarrea; con el hecho epidemiológico importante que el 50 % de los individuos con diarrea excretan al virus en sus heces; del sistema renal, donde del 3 al 44 % de los individuos con neumonía grave por COVID-19 presentan daño renal agudo; del sistema hematológico, el cual presenta un estado de hipercoagulabilidad que pone en riesgo de trombosis a los pacientes con neumonía por COVID-19; y, finalmente, el síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico en niños y adolescentes, asociado a SARS-CoV-2
The usual symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, sore throat, dry cough, fatigue, muscle aches, anosmia, and hypogeusia. When developing pneumonia, patients usually have dyspnea. The atypical symptomatology of the disease, which is coarse, has not been widely reported. This includes symptoms of the nervous system, such as agitation, confusion and even seizures; ocular apparatus, such as conjunctivitis and epiphora; the auditory system, such as sensorineural hearing loss; of the skin, such as erythema with vesicles or pustules (pseudo erythema pernio or pseudo-chilblains), other vesicular eruptions, urticarial lesions, maculopapular eruptions and livedo or necrosis; of the heart system, such as acute myocardial damage and arrhythmias; from the gastrointestinal system, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; with the important epidemiological fact that 50% of individuals with diarrhea excrete the virus in their feces; from the renal system, where 3 to 44% of individuals with severe COVID-19 pneumonia have acute kidney damage; of the hematological system, which presents a state of hypercoagulability that puts patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at risk of thrombosis; and, finally, the multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents, associated with SARS-CoV-2
Subject(s)
Humans , Coronavirus Infections , Confusion , Signs and SymptomsABSTRACT
Los diferentes reportes de consumo de sustancias evidencian cómo el consumo de alcohol afecta diferentes órganos y sistemas; según el tiempo de presentación hay riesgos agudos y crónicos. Dentro de las complicaciones agudas gastrointestinales asociadas al consumo de alcohol está el síndrome de Boerhaave consistente en una ruptura esofágica espontánea. Es importante identificar este síndrome porque se relaciona con alta mortalidad debido a la amplia gama de signos y síntomas que produce, como vómito, disnea, taquipnea, taquicardia y dolor esternal, que pueden generar confusión con otras enfermedades como el tromboembolismo pulmonar. El objetivo de este reporte es pre-sentar el primer caso clínico en Colombia de un paciente con síndrome de Boerhaave como complicación del consumo de alcohol, ya que es importante que el personal de salud reconozca los factores de riesgo que lo desencadenan.
Numerous reports of substance use show how alcohol consumption affects different organs and systems; related risks can be acute and chronic, depending on the time of presentation. Among the acute gastrointestinal complications associated with alcohol consumption is Boerhaave syndrome, which consists of a spontaneous esophageal rupture. It is important to identify this pathology because it is associated with high mortality due to the wide range of signs and symptoms that it produces such as vomiting, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, and sternal pain, which can lead to confusion with other diseases like pulmonary thromboembolism and may therefore delay proper and timely diagnostic. The objective of this report is to present the first clinical case reported in Colombia of a patient who suffered from Boerhaave syndrome secondary to chronic alcohol consumption and to sensitize the health personnel about the importance of recognizing alcohol consumption as a risk factor for this complication.
Os diferentes relatos de uso de substâncias mostram como o consumo de álcool afeta diferentes órgãos e sistemas; dependendo da época de apresentação, existem riscos agudos e crônicos. Entre as complicações gastrointestinais agudas associadas ao con-sumo de álcool está a síndrome de Boerhaave, que consiste em uma ruptura esofágica espontânea. É importante identificar essa síndrome, pois está associada a alta mortalidade devido à ampla gama de sinais e sintomas que produz, como vômitos, dispneia, taquipneia, taquicardia e dor esternal, que podem levar à confusão com outras doenças, como tromboembolismo pulmonar. O objetivo deste relatório é apresentar o primeiro caso clínico na Colômbia de um paciente com síndrome de Boerhaave como uma complicação do consumo de álcool, pois é importante que o pessoal de saúde reconheça os fatores de risco que a desencadeiam.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alcohol Drinking , Pain , Pulmonary Embolism , Rupture , Tachycardia , Vomiting , Confusion , EthanolABSTRACT
Resumen La Psiquiatría Forense tienen dentro de sus retos la disposición de evaluar a aquellas personas que de manera pre o post delictiva presenten signos o síntomas que puedan ser susceptibles de una enfermedad psiquiátrica que puede transitar desde un debut o una persona con antecedentes de ser portador de una patología crónica en fase aguda, en este ámbito lo más importante es precisar si en el momento de la comisión del delito el autor tiene o no las capacidades de discernimiento y puede dirigir su conducta entre otras, luego la administración de justicia tiene la obligación de dictar sentencia dependiendo de los resultados del peritaje psiquiátrico. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis desde diferentes ángulos del problema centrados en las personas que son inimputables de responsabilidad penal, y de la visión de diferentes legisladores y criterios de especialistas incluyendo de manera general el beneficio social, médico terapéutico del enfermo mental que se convierte en una diana luego de ser interés jurídico penal.
Abstract The Forensic Psychiatry has within its challenges the provision to evaluate those people who, pre or post crime, present signs or symptoms that may be susceptible to a psychiatric disease that can transit from a debut or a person with a history of being a carrier of a chronic pathology in acute phase, in this area the most important thing is to specify whether or not at the time of the commission of the crime the author has the ability to discern and can direct their behavior among others, then the administration of justice has the obligation to pass sentence depending on the results of the psychiatric expertise. In this work we make an analysis from different angles of the problem centered in the people who are unimputable of criminal responsibility, and of the vision of different legislators and criteria of specialists including in a general way the social, therapeutic medical benefit of the mental patient that becomes a target after being a criminal legal interest.
Subject(s)
Forensic Psychiatry/methods , Confusion , Criminal LiabilityABSTRACT
ABSTRACT We report the case of a 60-year-old female patient with a history of hypertension and dyslipidemia, who suddenly presented with a clinical picture of emotional lability, disorientation, complex visual hallucinations and persecutory delusions. There were no associated neurological findings in her initial physical examination. At a local hospital she was initially diagnosed with late-onset bipolar disorder and a manic episode with psychotic features, then referred to the mental health unit, where nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging of the brain revealed an acute ischemic stroke in the territory of the left posterior cerebral artery (PCA) with haemorrhagic reperfusion to the occipital cortex. Complete and spontaneous resolution of her clinical condition was achieved after approximately 15 days.
RESUMEN Se presenta el reporte de caso de una mujer de 60 anos de edad con antecedente de hipertensión arterial y dislipidemia, quien presenta cuadro clínico de inicio súbito consistente en labilidad emocional, desorientación alopsíquica global, alucinaciones visuales complejas e ideación delirante de tipo persecutorio, sin hallazgos neurológicos asociados en el examen físico inicial. Se enfocó en hospital local como un trastorno bipolar de inicio tardío con episodio actual maníaco con características psicóticas y es remitida a unidad de salud mental. Posteriormente hallazgos de resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) cerebral revelaron una lesión correspondiente a ataque cerebrovascular (ACV) isquémico agudo en territorio de la arteria cerebral posterior (ACP) izquierda con reperfusión hemorrágica a nivel de corteza occipital. Se alcanzó una resolución espontánea completa de su cuadro clínico en un curso aproximado de 15 días.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Mental Health , Stroke , Bipolar Disorder , Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Confusion , Posterior Cerebral Artery , Delusions , Dyslipidemias , Neuropsychiatry/trends , HallucinationsABSTRACT
La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 o COVID-19 que causa neumonía viral y que puede llegar al síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo, falla multiorgánica y muerte generó un problema de salud de gran relevancia a nivel mundial. Este nuevo agente etiológico de reciente aparición, ha ocasionado desconcierto en los equipos de salud. La heterogeneidad de la presentación clínica del COVID-19 genera nuevos desafíos para la medicina de laboratorio. Hasta el momento se han informado múltiples hallazgos bioquímicos que cambian según las características clínicas del individuo infectado. Los informes de casos son diversos y varían según el lugar y los datos recopilados. En este contexto es necesario poder relacionar dichos sucesos con el desarrollo y curso de la enfermedad. La injerencia del laboratorio no está restringida únicamente al diagnóstico etiológico inicial. Los parámetros bioquímicos juegan un rol fundamental tanto en el monitoreo como en la estadificación y en el pronóstico de la enfermedad. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue abordar las principales alteraciones de parámetros de laboratorio relacionadas a la infección por SARS-CoV-2.
Coronavirus 2019 or COVID-19, a disease which causes viral pneumonia and can reach acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure and death, has generated a major health problem, with worldwide relevance. This new etiological agent of recent appearance has caused great confusion among health teams. The heterogeneity of the clinical presentation of COVID-19 brings about new challenges for laboratory medicine. So far, various biochemical findings have been reported, varying according to the infected individual's clinical characteristics as well as to the location and data collected. In this context, it is necessary to be able to relate these events to the development and course of the disease. The role of the laboratory is not restricted only to the initial etiological diagnosis; biochemical parameters play a fundamental role in monitoring and both staging and prognosis of the disease. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the main laboratory parameter alterations related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
A doença por coronavírus 2019 ou COVID-19, que causa pneumonia viral podendo chegar à síndrome de angústia respiratória, falha de múltiplos órgãos e morte, provocou um problema de saúde de grande relevância em nível mundial. Esse novo agente etiológico de recente aparecimento causou grande perplexidade nas equipes de saúde. A heterogeneidade da apresentação clínica do COVID-19 cria novos desafios para a medicina laboratorial. Até agora foram relatadas várias descobertas bioquímicas que variam de acordo com as características clínicas da pessoa infectada. Os relatórios dos casos são diversos e variam de acordo ao lugar e dados coletados. Nesse contexto é necessário poder relacionar esses fatos com o desenvolvimento e andamento da doença. O papel do laboratório não é restrito apenas ao diagnóstico etiológico inicial. Os parâmetros bioquímicos desempenham um papel fundamental tanto no monitoramento quanto no estadiamento e prognóstico da doença. O objetivo da presente revisão foi abordar as principais alterações de parâmetros laboratoriais relacionadas com a infecção por SARS-CoV-2.
Subject(s)
Play and Playthings , Pneumonia, Viral , Prognosis , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn , Role , Syndrome , Coronavirus Infections , Coronavirus , Geological Fault , Equipment and Supplies , Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity , Infections , Patient Care Team , Patients , Disease , Causality , Confusion , Death , Growth and Development , Diagnosis , Research Report , Betacoronavirus , Embarrassment , LaboratoriesABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has produced an endless stream of information in relation to data, analysis and projections of all aspects of this disease. One of the characteristics of scientific information is that it is full of uncertainties, which are not correctly disclosed to the general population. In this essay, we describe the main cognitive biases that cause people to modify their perception of risk, where the most important are memory, novelty, and emotionality or affection. In addition, we review frequent errors that have been made in terms of collection, dissemination and analysis of information by scientific communicators, experts in other areas and the media in general. Ideally, these biases and confounders should be known to all who participate in the flow of information on the health problems of this pandemic, in order to integrate the uncertainty inherent in the data and the critical analysis of the information received.
La pandemia COVID-19 ha producido un caudal interminable de información en relación a datos, análisis y proyecciones de todos los aspectos de esta enfermedad. Una de las características de la información científica es que está llena de incertidumbres, las que no se divulgan correctamente a la población general. En este ensayo, hacemos una descripción de los principales sesgos cognitivos que hacen que las personas modifiquen su percepción de riesgo donde los más importantes son el de memoria, de novedad y emocionalidad o afecto. Además, revisamos errores frecuentes que se pueden cometer en términos de recolección, difusión y análisis de la información de parte de comunicadores científicos, expertos en otras áreas y medios de comunicación en general. Idealmente, estos sesgos y confundentes deben ser conocidos por todos los que participan en el flujo de información de los problemas de salud de esta pandemia, de manera de poder integrar la incertidumbre inherente a los datos y el análisis crítico de la información que se recibe.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bias , Communication , Information Dissemination , COVID-19/epidemiology , Communications Media , Confusion , Uncertainty , PandemicsABSTRACT
A encefalite límbica vem sendo descrita como um distúrbio neurológico raro, que afeta seletivamente as estruturas do sistema límbico. Clinicamente, é caracterizada como uma desordem neurológica debilitante, que se desenvolve como encefalopatia rapidamente progressiva, causada por inflamação encefálica. Objetivamos aqui relatar um caso de encefalite do sistema límbico de provável etiologia autoimune para melhor conhecimento da comunidade médica, bem como averiguar métodos diagnósticos deste quadro. Paciente do sexo masculino, 59 anos, admitido em nosso serviço com queixa de confusão mental. O exame clínico evidenciou desorientação, disartria, paresia e parestesia no hemicorpo esquerdo, dificuldade de marcha, desvio de rima e histórico de epilepsia há 2 anos. No estudo por ressonância magnética do crânio, foram observadas extensas lesões que acometiam a região mesial do lobo temporal direito, todo o hipocampo e giro para-hipocampal direito, estendendo-se pelo fórnix até a porção posterior do hipocampo esquerdo, substância branca do lobo frontal bilateral. Mediante os resultados da investigação complementar, o paciente foi tratado com pulsoterapia de metilpredinisolona por 5 dias, resultando na regressão parcial dos sintomas. Atualmente, o paciente se encontra em seguimento ambulatorial para acompanhamento. A encefalite límbica é uma doença rara, porém muito importante de ser investigada e diagnosticada precocemente, uma vez que a progressão da doença pode causar incapacidade e sequelas irreversíveis.
Limbic encephalitis has been described as a rare neurological disorder affecting the limbic system structures selectively. Clinically, it is characterized as a debilitating neurological syndrome that develops as a quickly progressive encephalopathy caused by brain inflammation. This paper reports a case of limbic encephalitis, probably of autoimmune etiology, aiming to improve the knowledge of the medical community, and to promote a debate on diagnosis methods for this pathology. The patient is male, 59 years old, and was admitted at our service complaining of mental confusion. The clinical examination showed disorientation, dysarthria, left hemiparesis and paresthesia, gait difficulties, light asymmetrical smile, and history of epilepsy 2 years ago. The magnetic resonance imaging of skull showed extensive lesions affecting the mesial region of the right temporal lobe, the entire hippocampus, and right parahippocampal gyrus, extending through the fornix to the posterior portion of the left hippocampus, white matter of bilateral frontal lobe. Based on the complementary investigation results, the patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone for five days. Currently, he is being followed in the outpatient's department. Although being rare, limbic encephalitis shall be investigated and diagnosed early because its progression can lead to disability and irreversible sequelae
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Autoimmunity , Limbic Encephalitis/diagnostic imaging , Paresis/etiology , Paresthesia , Carbamazepine/therapeutic use , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Confusion/etiology , Limbic Encephalitis/complications , Limbic Encephalitis/immunology , Limbic Encephalitis/cerebrospinal fluid , Limbic Encephalitis/drug therapy , Limbic Encephalitis/blood , Limbic Encephalitis/virology , Dysarthria/etiology , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Hyponatremia , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Neurologic ExaminationABSTRACT
Resumo OBJETIVO Avaliar as notificações e caracterizar os incidentes de quedas dos pacientes adultos internados em unidades clínicas e cirúrgicas de um hospital universitário na região sul do país, no período de 2011 a 2014. MÉTODO Estudo descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo, realizado no período de dezembro de 2016 a dezembro de 2017. A amostra foi de 1112 notificações, abrangendo todos os pacientes internados que foram notificados com ocorrência de quedas no período estudado. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e analítica. RESULTADOS Foram predominantes na amostra os pacientes do sexo feminino e idosos, onde 69,4% dos incidentes não apresentaram dano. A ocorrência de quedas foi significativamente maior no período noturno. Limitação para deambular e estar desacompanhado foram os fatores mais prevalentes nas condições do paciente antes da queda. CONCLUSÃO Queda é um evento multifatorial que necessita avaliação periódica dos fatores de risco pela equipe para planejar sua prevenção.
Resumen OBJETIVO Evaluar las notificaciones y caracterizar los incidentes de caídas de los pacientes adultos internados en unidades clínicas y quirúrgicas de un hospital universitario en la región sur del país, en el período 2011 a 2014. MÉTODO Estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo, realizado en el período de diciembre de 2016 a diciembre de 2017. La muestra fue de 1112 notificaciones, abarcando a todos los pacientes internados que fueron notificados con ocurrencia de caídas en el periodo estudado. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de estadística descriptiva y analítica. RESULTADOS: Fueron predominantes en la muestra los pacientes del sexo femenino y ancianos, donde el 69,4% de los incidentes no presentaron daño. La ocurrencia de caídas fue significativamente mayor en el período nocturno. La limitación para deambular y estar desatendido fueron los factores más prevalentes en las condiciones del paciente antes de la caída. CONCLUSIÓN La caída es un evento multifactorial que necesita evaluación periódica de los factores de riesgo por el equipo para planificar su prevención.
Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the occurrences and to characterize the falling incidents of adult patients hospitalized in clinical and surgical units of a university hospital in the southern region of the country, in the period from 2011 to 2014. METHOD Descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study, carried out from December 2016 to December 2017. The sample consisted of 1112 reports, covering all hospitalized patients who were notified with falls occurring in the studied period. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. RESULTS Female and elderly patients were predominant in the sample, in which 69.4% of the incidents did not present any damage. The occurrence of falls was significantly higher at night. Limitation to walking and being unaccompanied were the most prevalent factors in the patient's conditions before the fall. CONCLUSION The fall is a multifactorial event that requires periodic evaluation of the risk factors by the team to plan their prevention.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Accidental Falls/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Risk Management , Seizures/epidemiology , Wounds and Injuries/etiology , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Diagnosis-Related Groups , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Confusion/epidemiology , Mobility Limitation , Patient Safety , Maintenance and Engineering, Hospital , Middle AgedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of neurotoxity associated to Colistin. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 29-year-old black male under treatment for urinary tract infection with identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae in urine culture resistant to all carbapenem antibiotics, presented visual turbidity, paresthesia on the face and upper left limb, slowed and discordant speech in the fourth day of Colistin use. Symptoms improved after reduction of the dose of colistin with adjustment for renal function, with complete reversion after discontinuation of the drug. CONCLUSIONS: Colistin-mediated neurotoxicity must be suspected in patients with altered mental status of unknown etiology and therapy promptly interrupted.
OBJETIVO: Descrever um caso de neurotoxidade associada à Colistina. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO (desnecessário repetição): Um homem negro de 29 anos sob tratamento para infecção do trato urinário com identificação de Klebsiella pneumoniae (escrever corretamente) em cultura de urina resistente a carbapenêmicos, apresentou turvação visual, parestesia em face e membro superior esquerdo, discurso lento e discordante na quarto dia de uso da Colistina. Os sintomas melhoraram após a redução da dose de colistina com ajuste para a função renal, com reversão completa após a descontinuação do fármaco. CONCLUSÕES: A neurotoxicidade mediada por colistina deve ser suspeitada em pacientes com estado mental alterado de etiologia desconhecida e a terapia prontamente interrompida.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Colistin/adverse effects , Colistin/therapeutic use , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/diagnosis , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/etiology , Paresthesia , Review Literature as Topic , Confusion , Black PeopleABSTRACT
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: HIV-related mortality is still high, especially in developed countries. The aim of this study is to investigate factors associated to death in HIV-infected patients. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with all HIV adult patients admitted to a tertiary infectious diseases hospital in Fortaleza, Northeast Brazil, from January 2013 to December 2014. Patients were divided into two groups: survivors and non-survivors. Demo-graphical, clinical and laboratory data were compared and a logistic regression was performed in order to investigate risk factors for death. P values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 200 patients with mean age of 39 years were including in the study, 69.5% males. Fifteen patients (7.5%) died. Non-survivors presented a higher percentage of males (93.3 vs. 67.3%, p = 0.037). Non-survivors presented AKI (73.3 vs. 10.3%, p < 0.001), liver dysfunction (33.3 vs. 11.5, p = 0.031), dyspnea (73.3 vs. 33.0%, p = 0.002) and disorientation (33.3 vs. 12.4%, p = 0.025) more frequently. Non-survivors also had higher levels of urea (73.8 ± 52.7vs. 36.1 ± 29.1 mg/dL, p < 0.001), creatinine (1.98 ± 1.65 vs. 1.05 ± 1.07 mg/dL, p < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (130.8 vs. 84.8 U/L, p = 0.03), alanine aminotransferase (115.6 vs. 85.4 U/L, p = 0.045) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (1208 vs. 608 U/L, p = 0.012), as well as lower levels of bicarbonate (18.0 ± 4.7 vs. 21.6 ± 4.6 mEq/L, p = 0.016) and PCO2 (27.8 ± 7.7 vs. 33.0 ± 9.3 mmHg, p = 0.05). In multivariate analysis, disorientation (p = 0.035, OR = 5.523, 95%CI = 1.130 - 26.998), dyspnoea (p = 0.046, OR = 4.064, 95%CI = 1.028 - 16.073), AKI (p < 0.001, OR = 18.045, 95%CI = 4.308 - 75.596) and disseminated histoplasmosis (p = 0.016, OR = 12.696, 95%CI = 1.618 - 99.646) and LDH > 1000 U/L (p = 0.038, OR = 4.854, 95%CI = 1.093 - 21.739) were risk factors for death.]CONCLUSION: AKI and disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) were the main risk factors for death in the studied population. Neurologic and respiratory impairment as well as higher levels of LDH also increased mortality in HIV-infected patients.
RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A mortalidade relacionada ao HIV ainda é alta, especialmente nos países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar os fatores associados ao óbito em pacientes com HIV. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com todos os pacientes com HIV admitidos consecutivamente em um hospital terciário de doenças infecciosas em Fortaleza, Nordeste do Brasil, entre janeiro de 2013 e dezembro de 2014. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: sobreviventes e não sobreviventes. Dados demográficos, clínicos e laboratoriais foram comparados e análise de regressão logística foi feita para investigação dos fatores de risco para óbito. RESULTADOS: Um total de 200 pacientes, com média de idade de 39 anos, foi incluído no estudo, sendo 69,5% do sexo masculino. Óbito ocorreu em 15 pacientes (7,5%). Os não sobreviventes apresentaram maior percentual de homens (93,3 vs. 67,3%, p = 0,037) e um menor tempo de internação (8 ± 6 vs. 18 ± 15 dias, p = 0,005). Na análise multivariada, desorientação (p = 0,035, OR = 5,523), dispneia (p = 0,046, OR = 4,064), LRA (p < 0,001, OR = 18,045), histoplasmose disseminada (p = 0,016, OR = 12,696) e desidrogenase lática (LDH) > 1.000 U/L (p = 0,038, OR = 4,854) foram fatores de risco para óbito. CONCLUSÕES: LRA e histoplasmose disseminada foram os principais fatores de risco para óbito na população estudada. Distúrbios neurológicos e respiratórios, bem como níveis elevados de LDH, também estiveram associados com o aumento da mortalidade em pacientes com HIV.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , HIV Infections/mortality , Acute Kidney Injury/mortality , Brazil/epidemiology , HIV Infections/complications , Logistic Models , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Cause of Death , Survivors/statistics & numerical data , Sex Distribution , Confusion/complications , Confusion/mortality , Dyspnea/complications , Dyspnea/mortality , Acute Kidney Injury/complications , Histoplasmosis/complications , Histoplasmosis/mortality , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Middle AgedABSTRACT
El síndrome confusional agudo resulta una manifestación clínica frecuente de las enfermedades agudas o de la toxicidad por fármacos en el anciano, con elevadas morbilidad y mortalidad. Este se origina por discapacidad funcional y se caracteriza por un cambio agudo y fluctuante en el estado mental, con desatención y niveles de conciencia alterados por un periodo inferior a 3 meses, aunque puede prolongarse más tiempo. Se le considera una urgencia médica de causa orgánica demostrable y potencialmente reversible, con un diagnóstico eminentemente clínico. En la presente investigación se describe cómo se manifiesta la confusión aguda en los ancianos, cuáles son los factores predisponentes y desencadenantes en su aparición y cuál tratamiento puede ser adecuado si se diagnostica el cuadro clínico y sus factores causales de manera oportuna
The acute confusional syndrome is a frequent clinical feature of acute diseases or drug toxicity in elderly, with high morbidity and mortality. This originates due to functional disability and is characterized by an acute and fluctuating change in the mental state, with inattentiveness and altered conscience levels during less than 3 months, although it can be prolonged for longer time. It is considered a medical emergency of demonstrable and potentially reversible organic cause, with an essentially clinical diagnosis. In this investigation it is described how the acute confusion is manifested in elderly, which are the predisposing and triggering factors in its emergence and which treatment can be adequate if the clinical pattern and its causal factors are diagnosed in an appropriate way
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Confusion/chemically induced , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/complications , Psychic Symptoms/pharmacology , Mental Health , Communication , Health Services for the AgedABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Postoperative delirium is defined as an acute confusional state with altered levels of attention and consciousness. It presents for a short period of time with a transient and fluctuating evolution, with long-term outcomes of cognitive dysfunction. It has been observed mostly in extreme age groups and has been associated with factors that increase the risk of occurrence. Objective: To identify any factors associated with the development of postoperative delirium in the elderly following anesthesia. Materials and methods: An analytical cross-section study was conducted in elderly patients receiving anesthesia at a second-level hospital, from November 2016 to November 2017. The confusion assessment method was used based on 4 items for making the diagnosis of delirium. The data obtained were statistically analyzed with measures of central tendency, and the risk probability was estimated. Results: A total of 100 patients aged between 60 and 93 years old were studied, with postoperative delirium present in 18% of the sample. There was a statistically significant association among patients with severe pain, those with a low level of education, and those who did not have a stable partner. Conclusion: It is important to study the postoperative delirium factors to be able to identify the population at higher risk of experiencing postoperative delirium, with a view to reducing the number of long-term complications.
Resumen Introducción: El delirio en el postoperatorio se define como un estado confusional agudo con alteraciones en la atención y conciencia. Este se presenta en un período corto de tiempo y presenta una evolución transitoria y fluctuante, con un desenlace a largo plazo en disfunción cognitiva. Se ha observado una mayor presentación en los extremos de la vida y su asociación con factores que aumentan el riesgo de presentación. Objetivo: Identificarlos factores asociados a la presentación de delirio postoperatorio del adulto mayor sometido a anestesia. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en pacientes adultos mayores sometidos a anestesia en un hospital de segundo nivel, en el periodo de Noviembre 2016 a Noviembre 2017. Se aplicó el método de evaluación de confusión (Test CAM) consistente en 4 ítems que hacen diagnóstico de delirio. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron estadísticamente con medidas de tendencia central y se calcularon probabilidades de riesgo. Resultados: Se estudiaron 100 pacientes con rango de edades entre los 60 y 93 años, obteniendo delirio postoperatorio en 18% de la muestra. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre los pacientes con dolor severo, aquellos que no contaban con algun grado de escolaridad y los que no contaban con una pareja estable. Conclusiones: Es importante el estudio de factores asociados a delirio postoperatorio que permitan identificar la población en más alto riesgo de desarrollarlo, buscando disminuir complicaciones a largo plazo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Postoperative Period , Delirium , Anesthesia , Cross-Sectional Studies , Probability , Confusion , Conscience , Consciousness , Cognitive DysfunctionABSTRACT
RESUMO. A alucinação auditiva é um fenômeno que participa da vida de muitas pessoas que fazem tratamento no sistema público de saúde mental de nosso país. No cotidiano de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de uma capital brasileira, ouvidores de vozes relatavam com frequência que continuavam sofrendo em função de experiências alucinatórias, mesmo seguindo o tratamento prescrito pela equipe de saúde. Considerando esse problema, foi criado no local um grupo voltado para a lida com o fenômeno. Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar experiências desse grupo. Para isso, utilizou-se o método qualitativo, o qual envolveu o registro de 62 sessões sob a forma de diário de campo, e a análise do corpus. A organização dos dados se deu em três espectros temporais estruturantes de (psico)terapias de grupo em geral: "apresentação", "trocas de experiências", e "fechamento"; além de um aspecto dinâmico, denominado de "manejo terapêutico". A apresentação promoveu a ambientação dos participantes e possibilitou o surgimento de temas importantes, os quais foram trabalhados no decorrer da sessão. Ao trocarem experiências, os integrantes conseguiram compreender algumas dinâmicas relativas às vozes, e houve a promoção de determinados fatores terapêuticos. O manejo serviu para alinhavar os espectros temporais e garantir a fluidez da atividade. Recomenda-se a adoção de grupos com esse foco e formato nos serviços de saúde mental, considerando que eles ampliam a capacidade de cuidado.
RESUMEN. La alucinación auditiva es un fenómeno que forma parte de la vida de muchas personas que hacen tratamiento en el sistema público de salud mental de nuestro país. En el cotidiano de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial de una capital brasileña, oyentes de voces relataban con frecuencia que seguían sufriendo en función de experiencias alucinatorias, aun siguiendo el tratamiento prescrito por el equipo de salud. Considerando este problema, se creó un grupo orientado a la lectura del fenómeno. En este artículo se tuvo como objetivo analizar experiencias de ese grupo. Para ello, se utilizó el método cualitativo, el cual involucró el registro de sesenta y dos sesiones en forma de diario de campo, y el análisis del corpus. La organización de los datos se dio en tres espectros temporales estructurantes de (psico)terapias de grupo en general: "presentación", "intercambios de experiencias", y "cierre"; además de un aspecto dinámico, denominado "manejo terapéutico". La presentación promovió la ambientación de los participantes y posibilitó el surgimiento de temas importantes, los cuales fueron trabajados en el transcurso de la sesión. Al intercambiar experiencias, los integrantes lograron comprender algunas dinámicas relativas a las voces, y hubo la promoción de determinados factores terapéuticos. El manejo sirvió para alinear los espectros y garantizar la fluidez de la actividad. Se recomienda la adopción de grupos con ese foco y formato en los servicios de salud mental, considerando que ellos amplían la capacidad de cuidado.
ABSTRACT. Auditory hallucination is a phenomenon that is part of the lives of many people who are treated in the public mental health system of our country. In the daily life of a Psychosocial Care Center in a Brazilian capital, voice hearers frequently reported that they continued to suffer from hallucinatory experiences, even following the treatment prescribed by the health team. Considering this problem, a group was set up to deal with the phenomenon. This article aimed to analyze the experiences of this group. For this, the qualitative method was used, which involved the registration of sixty-two sessions in the form of a field diary, and the analysis of the corpus. The organization of the data occurred in three temporal spectra that structure group (psycho)therapies in general: "presentation", "exchanges of experiences", and "closure"; besides a dynamic aspect, called "therapeutic management". The presentation promoted the setting of the participants and allowed the emergence of important themes, which were worked on during the session. By exchanging experiences, the members were able to understand some dynamics related to voices, and there was the promotion of certain therapeutic factors. The management served to tie the spectra together and ensured the fluidity of the activity. It is recommended the adoption of groups with this focus and format in mental health services, considering that they increase the capacity of care.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Voice , Mental Health , Hallucinations/therapy , Psychotherapy , Therapeutics/psychology , Confusion/psychology , Health of Specific Groups , Handling, Psychological , Mental Health ServicesABSTRACT
Aunque algunos utilizan los términos "delirium" para referirse al enfermo con síndrome mental orgánico caracterizado por confusión y desorientación, y "delirio" para hablar de la alteración psiquiátrica en la cual el individuo tiene una creencia firme pero errónea, en realidad no existe una diferencia semántica entre ellos sino que corresponden a la forma en español (delirio) y la raíz latina (delirium) del mismo vocablo, por lo que son intercambiables.
Subject(s)
Delirium , Syndrome , Confusion , DelusionsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Locally, understanding and communicating sensory neuropathy may be confounded by a "comprehension gap" during consults and limited "nerve literacy" or knowledge of patients about nerves. This may affect the effectiveness of healthcare.OBJECTIVE: The study aims to describe the Filipino patients' experience of sensory neuropathy in local terms and their understanding of its causation.METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive study among 24 patients with sensory neuropathy was done using semi-structured individual interviews. The first part elicited Filipino terms and descriptions used to explain their experience. The second part elicited perceived cause pre- and post- consult and perceived body part affected.RESULTS: The most common descriptors of sensory neuropathy include "manhid", "kuryente", "tinutusuk-tusok", "ngalay", "kirot", and "naninigas". Many would initially identify "pasma" as a cause. Post-consult, many would cease to see it as part of natural ageing and would identify structural explanations such as impingement. They would however attribute it to an affectation of "ugat" which most defined as blood vessels.CONCLUSION: The abovementioned terms are commonly used to describe sensory neuropathy and can be clinically useful in eliciting symptoms. There is existing confusion with regards to the nerve as a structure involved even after consultation.