Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 7 de 7
Filter
1.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo;59: e13, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-842793

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Cryptococcosis, a systemic disease caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans/ Cryptococcus gattii is more severe in immunocompromised individuals. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiology of the disease, the molecular characteristics and the antifungal susceptibility of C. neoformans isolated from patients treated in a Brazilian university hospital. This retrospective study was conducted in the Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia, and evaluated cases of cryptococcosis and strains of C. neoformans isolated from 2004 to 2013. We evaluated 41 patients, 85% of whom were diagnosed with AIDS. The fungus was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 21 patients (51%); 19.5% had fungemia and in 24% the agent was isolated from the CSF and blood, concurrently. Meningoencephalitis was the most frequent (75%) manifestation of infection. Despite adequate treatment, the mortality of the disease was 58.5%. Most isolates (97.5%) presented the VNI genotype (serotype A, var. grubii) and one isolate was genotyped as C. gattii (VGI); all the isolates were determined as mating type MATa and showed susceptibility to the tested antifungals (fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine). Although AIDS detection rates remain stable, opportunistic infections such as cryptococcosis remain as major causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Cryptococcosis/mortality , Cryptococcus neoformans/isolation & purification , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/mortality , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cryptococcosis/microbiology , Cryptococcus neoformans/drug effects , Cryptococcus neoformans/genetics , DNA, Fungal/analysis , Hospitals, University , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Retrospective Studies
2.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2015. 95 p. mapas, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-782467

ABSTRACT

A criptococose é uma micose sistêmica cosmopolita negligenciada e predominantemente oportunista. Quando associada à AIDS, apresenta-se como a primeira infecção oportunista em 4,4 por cento dos casos diagnosticados no Brasil e geralmente é causada pela espécie Cryptococcus neoformans sendo estimados 1.000.000 de casos anuais e 250.000 óbitos relacionados. Não é agravo de notificação compulsória no país e seu diagnóstico é tardio, acompanhado de alta letalidade (45 a 65 por cento), constituindo importante problema de saúde pública. O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar a situação da mortalidade por criptococose no Brasil no período de 2000 a 2012. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo baseado em dados secundários obtidos do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Foram analisados 5755 registros de óbitos nos quais a criptococose foi relacionada como um dos estados mórbidos que contribuíram para o desfecho, sendo 1121 (19,5 por cento)registrados como causa básica da morte e 4634 (80,5 por cento) associados à AIDS e outras causas de imunodepressão. A taxa de mortalidade no Brasil, segundo causa básica foi de 0,47/milhão de habitantes e, por total de menções, foi de 2,41/milhão de habitantes. A razão de menções como causa básica, isto é, a freqüência com que a criptococose esteve presente como um dos agravos contribuintes para o desfecho do óbito, em comparação ao registro da micose como causa básica da morte,evidenciou um incremento de 400%. (...) Este estudo é relevante ao dar maior visibilidade à situação da mortalidade por criptococose no país, particularmente sua associação com a AIDS, e pode subsidiar a criação e a intensificação de programas de controle e vigilância da doença nas regiões mais carentes...


Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis neglected cosmopolitan and predominantly opportunistic. When associated with AIDS, is presented as the first opportunistici nfection in 4.4 percent of cases diagnosed in Brazil and is usually caused by Cryptococcus neoformans species being estimated 1,000,000 cases per year and 250,000 related deaths. Not interlocutory mandatory reporting in the country and its diagnosis isdelayed, accompanied by high mortality (45-65 percent), representing an important publichealth problem. This study aimed to characterize the situation of mortality from cryptococcosis in Brazil from 2000 to 2012. This is a descriptive study based on secondary data obtained from the Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Were analyzed 5755 records of deaths in which cryptococcosis was listed as one of the morbid conditions that contributed to the outcome, and 1121 (19.5 percent) recorded as the underlying cause of death and 4634 (80.5 percent) associated with AIDS and other causes of immunosuppression. The mortality rate in Brazil as primary cause was 0.47/millionin habitants, and total mentions, was 2.41/million inhabitants. The reason of mentionsas the underlying cause, namely, the frequency with which cryptococcosis waspresent as a taxpayer grievance for the outcome of death, compared to the record of ringworm as underlying cause of death, showed an increase of 400 percent. (...) This study is relevant to give greater visibility to the situation of mortality from cryptococcosis in the country, particularly its association with AIDS, and can support the creation and intensification of control programs and surveillance of the disease in the poorest regions...


Subject(s)
Humans , Cryptococcus gattii , Cryptococcus neoformans , Cryptococcosis/diagnosis , Cryptococcosis/mortality , Mortality , Mycoses , Brazil , Residence Characteristics , Information Systems/statistics & numerical data , Temporal Distribution
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop;42(6): 698-705, Dec. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-539521

ABSTRACT

A prevalência de micose sistêmica entre 1.300 pacientes portadores de HIV/Aids de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso foi de 4,6 por cento, no período de 2005-2008. As espécies de fungos isoladas foram o Cryptococcus neoformans (50 por cento), Cryptococcus gattii (1,6 por cento), Cryptococcus spp (6,6 por cento), Histoplasma capsulatum (38,3 por cento) e Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (3,3 por cento). Óbito foi registrado em 32 (53,3 por cento) pacientes, sendo a criptococose a principal causa. A contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ foi baixa e semelhante entre os pacientes que sobreviveram ou faleceram por micose sistêmica. O etilismo (OR:8,2; IC95 por cento: 1,4-62,1; p=0,005) e o nível médio de desidrogenase lática [758 (182) U/L vs 416 (268) U/L; p<0,001] foram as características independentemente associadas ao óbito dos pacientes do estudo. Os resultados mostram alta letalidade por micoses sistêmicas em pacientes portadores de HIV/Aids de Cuiabá e sugerem que características clínico-laboratoriais tais como o etilismo e a elevação precoce da desidrogenase lática podem ser fatores relacionados ao pior prognóstico nessas condições.


Between 2005 and 2008, the prevalence of systemic mycosis among 1,300 HIV/AIDS patients in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, was 4.6 percent. The fungus species isolated were Cryptococcus neoformans in 50 percent, Cryptococcus gattii in 1.6 percent, Cryptococcus spp in 6.6 percent, Histoplasma capsulatum in 38.3 percent and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in 3.3 percent. Death was recorded in the cases of 32 patients (53.3 percent), and cryptococcosis was the main cause. The CD4+ T lymphocyte count was low and similar among patients who survived or died due to systemic mycosis. The factors independently associated with the deaths of these patients were alcoholism (OR: 8.2; 95 percent CI: 1.4-62.1; p = 0005) and the mean level of lactate dehydrogenase [758 (182) U/l vs. 416 (268) U/l; p < 0001]. The findings showed that systemic mycosis was highly lethal among the patients with HIV/AIDS in Cuiabá and suggested that clinical-laboratory characteristics such as alcoholism and early elevation of lactate dehydrogenase may be factors relating to worse prognosis under these conditions.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/mortality , Cryptococcosis/mortality , Histoplasmosis/mortality , Paracoccidioidomycosis/mortality , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Viral Load , Young Adult
4.
Rev. argent. micol ; 21(3): 18-22, 1998. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-236584

ABSTRACT

Fueron investigados los títulos de antígeno polisacárido capsular de Cryptococcus neoformans en el momento del diagnóstico en 25 pacientes con criptococosis asociada al SIDA. Siete pacientes recibirían en el momento del diagnóstico de la micosis 500-600 mg/día de zidovudina (AZT) y otros 18 no recobirían ninguna medicación antirretroviral. Todos ellos recibieron tratamiento antifúngico específico inmediatamente después de realizado el diagnóstico micológico. Los títulos de los pacientes tratados con AZT fueron más bajos que aquellos no tratados con ningún esquema antirretroviral, aunque la diferencia observada careció de significación estadística (p>0,05). El promedio del tiempo de sobrevida (tomando desde el momento del diagnóstico de la micosis hasta la muerte) fue significativamente más largo (504,43 ñ 160 días) (p = 0,002). Tampoco se observaron diferencias significativas entre los recuentos de linfocitos CD4+ y la prevalencia de diferentes infecciones intercurrentes en ambos grupos. Las diferencias observadas entre ambas poblaciones estudiadas puede demostrar indirectamente la eficacia de la terapéutica antirretroviral para retardar el daño inmunológico provocado por el VIH sobre el sistema inmune de los pacientes


Subject(s)
Humans , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Antigens, Fungal/blood , Cryptococcosis/immunology , Zidovudine/therapeutic use , Antigens, Fungal , Cryptococcosis/mortality , Cryptococcus neoformans/drug effects , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications
5.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo;33(6): 485-90, nov.-dez. 1991. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-107772

ABSTRACT

Antigeno del polisacarido capsular (AgPC) de Cryptococcus neoformans fue detectado por la tecnica de aglutinacion de latex (AL) en LCR y suero de pacientes con Sindrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (SIDA) y primer episodio de neurocriptococosis, usando como patron el examen micologico (examen directo y cultivo) de LCR. Se obtuvo una sensibilidad de 100 por ciento de AL para detectar AgPC de C. neoformans, el cual por su rapidez permite tratamiento especifico precoz. Titulos iniciales de AgPC de la levadura en esos pacientes pueden ser>1.000.000, pareciendo que cuando esos titulos estan presentes en suero, se relacionan con mortalidad durante el tratamiento. En los pacientes que sobrevivieron se observo que el examen micologico directo y AgPC de C. neoformans, en LCR y suero, permanecen positivos aun despues de tratamiento y mejoria clinica del paciente.


Subject(s)
Adult , Male , Female , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Humans , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology , Brain Diseases/immunology , Cryptococcosis/immunology , Cryptococcus neoformans/immunology , Antigens, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology , Brain Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid , Brain Diseases/mortality , Brain Diseases/blood , Cryptococcosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Cryptococcosis/mortality , Cryptococcosis/blood , Antigens, Bacterial/cerebrospinal fluid , Antigens, Bacterial/blood , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/cerebrospinal fluid , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/mortality
6.
Rev. argent. micol ; 14(2): 13-9, 1991. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-105660

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio comparativo de 7 tratamientos antifúngicos en un modelo experimental de criptococosis murina. Fueron inoculados por vía intraperitoneal con 10 células de Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans, 100 ratones Balb C, divididos en 10 grupos de 10 animales cada uno. Cinco días después de la infección, 7 grupos recibieron los siguientes tratamientos, durante 2 semanas: anfotericina B (6 mg/kg%día por medio, por vía intraperitoneal), itraconazol, fluconazol y Sch 39.304 (todos ellos a razón de 16 mg/kg/día por gastrocisis), 5-fluorocitosina sola (300 mg/kg/día) y en combinación con anfotericina B y con fluconazol, en iguales dosis y por iguales vías que cuando fueron administradas solas. Los 3 grupos restantes fueron usados como control y recibieron los solventes de las drogas. El tiempo de sobrevida, el aspecto macroscópico de cerebro, higado, pulmones y bazo, la presencia de levaduras capsuladas en el examen microscópico de estos mismos órganos y la siembra masiva de pulmones y cerebro, fueron tomados como parámetros de efectividad de las drogas. La combinación de anfotericina B y 5-fluorocitosina fue el tratamiento más efectivo, ya que produjo la negativización de los exámenes macro y microscópicos como también del 90%de las siembras masivas y prolongó el tiempo de sobrevida más allá de 60 días en todos los animales. La anfotericina B sola fue superior a los compuestos azólicos; con tiempos de sobrevida similares a los de la combinación de anfotericina B con 5-fluorocitosina y negativizó los exámenes macroscópicos, en el 60%de los ratones tratados. El Sch 39.304 mostró los tiempos de sobrevida más largos entre los derivados azólicos. Ninguno de los componentes de este grupo modificó los restantes parámetros estudiados. La asociación de 5-fluorocitosina con fluconazol no mostró mayor efectividad que cuando ambas drogas se administraron separadamente


Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Cryptococcosis/drug therapy , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Therapy, Combination/statistics & numerical data , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Amphotericin B/administration & dosage , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Cryptococcosis/mortality , Cryptococcosis/veterinary , Drug Therapy, Combination/veterinary , Fluconazole/administration & dosage , Flucytosine/administration & dosage , Survival Rate
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL