ABSTRACT
El objetivo fue analizar el estrés laboral de mujeres y hombres con empleo y categorías laborales y demográficas similares, estudiando su asociación con la sintomatología mental. Estudio exploratoriodescriptivo y transversal con una muestra de conveniencia formada por 2643 personas con empleo y edades entre 18 y 64 años de las cuales el 54.3% son hombres y el 45.7% mujeres. Todas fueron evaluadas mediante cinco autoinformes y una hoja de recogida de datos sociodemográficos y de usos del tiempo. Resultados: El 67.5% de los hombres y el 66.5% de las mujeres tuvo algún tipo de estrés relacionado con el trabajo, no existiendo diferencias entre mujeres y hombres en ninguna de las medidas de estrés laboral, en insatisfacción con el rol laboral, ni en la asociación entre el estrés laboral y la sintomatología mental, asociación que era muy baja en mujeres y en hombres. Las mujeres tenían más estrés crónico no laboral y mayores contrariedades diarias que los hombres, además de mayor sintomatología mental de ansiedad, depresión grave, somática y de disfunción social. Asimismo, dedicaban más tiempo a las tareas domésticas y de cuidado y menos al ocio y a las actividades físico-deportivas que los hombres. Conclusiones: los resultados evidenciaron que el rol laboral no supone amenazas específicas para la salud mental de las mujeres con empleo, aunque sí parecen suponerlas su mayor dedicación a las tareas domésticas y de cuidado. Los resultados del presente trabajo son relevantes para el diseño de políticas y programas destinados a fomentar la salud de la ciudadanía y al logro de mayor igualdad de género(AU)
The objective was to analyze work stress in women and men with similar occupation and demographic categories, studying its association with mental symptomatology. Exploratory-descriptive and cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 2643 employed persons aged 18 to 64 years, 54.3% of whom were men and 45.7% women. All were assessed by five self-reports and a sociodemographic and time-use data collection sheet. Results: 67.5% of the men and 66.5% of the women had some type of work-related stress. There were no differences between women and men in any of the measures of work stress, in dissatisfaction with the work role, or in the association between work stress and mental symptomatology, association that was very low in both women and men. Women had more chronic non-work stress and greater daily hassles than men, as well as greater symptomatology of anxiety, severe depression, somatic and social dysfunction. In addition, they spent more time on housework and caregiving and less time on leisure and physical-sports activities than men. Conclusions: the results show that the work role does not pose specific threats to the mental health of working women, although their greater dedication to domestic and caregiving tasks does seem to do so. The results of this study are relevant for the design of policies and programs aimed at promoting the health of citizens and achieving greater gender equality(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Demography/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Stress/diagnosis , Gender Studies , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Gender IdentityABSTRACT
The Clificol® COVID-19 Support Project is an innovative international data collection project aimed at documenting the presenting symptoms, use of homeopathy through the pandemic and tackling some of the core questions in homeopathy. The Covid-19 pandemic raised many questions and mobilised many resources. In order to make good use of resources, sound knowledge of the presenting complaints and demographics are required. In particular, we aimed to characterise the recent Omicron wave in Hong-Kong and to get an overall picture of the global pandemic as experienced by the homeopathic community. This online multi-national data-collection project is supported by the ECH, ECCH, ICH, HRI, LMHI, and other professional associations. The collected data includes demographic information, severity, conventional diagnosis and treatment, presenting symptoms as well as the remedies prescribed. The outcome of treatment was tracked using the ORIDL scale. More recently a 23-items prospective questionnaire was added to the input in order to gather targeted data about the presenting complaints. The recent wave of the Omicron variant in Hong-Kong, was analysed (N=372 cases) in terms of the symptomatology of this variant. The data from the 23-items questionnaire is compared to the longer questionnaire (150 items) used by the Hong-Kong team (21 practitioners). The most frequently reported common Clinical symptoms were extreme tiredness (60%), sore throat (46%), headache during fever (45%), dryness of mouth (37%), poor appetite (37%), runny nose (34%) and unusual muscle pains (31%).Also, the cases collected from around the world over the course of the pandemic (N=1300) were analysed, providing an overall picture of the pandemic and its specificities per country and over time. Clificol has shown and continues to show the value of data collection for the homeopathy community, providing important information for the management of future pandemics and opening new avenues for research in homeopathy.
Subject(s)
Homeopathic Therapeutics , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19/therapy , COVID-19/epidemiologyABSTRACT
La prevalencia de las enfermedades atópicas va en aumento de manera impor- tante, especialmente en la población infantil a nivel mundial según la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Dentro de estas enfermedades están incluidas el asma, rinitis y la dermatitis atópica. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de asma, rinitis y dermatitis atópica en escolares de 6 a 12 años en San Pedro Sula, Honduras en el año 2000. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio descrip- tivo, cuantitativo, no experimental. La muestra fue de 1500 escolares matriculados en diversas escuelas que fueron seleccionadas por un método no probabilístico por conveniencia. La reco- lección de datos se realizó mediante la aplicación de un instrumento tipo encuesta a escolares que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y contaban con consentimiento informado. Los datos se tabularon en SPSS. Resultados: La prevalencia de asma fue 24.46% (367), rinitis 17% (255) y dermatitis atópica 11.69% (175). Se encontró que 15.73% (236) tenían asma y rinitis; 9.53% (143) asma y dermatitis; y 8.40% (126) padecían rinitis y dermatitis. Además, 7.93% (119) padecían de las tres enfermedades. Conclusión: Los datos de prevalencia de asma y de dermatitis atópica en Escolares de San Pedro Sula son mayores a los encontrados en estudios de prevalencia de dichas enfermedades en Latinoamérica. Sin embargo, la preva- lencia de rinitis en San Pedro Sula es menor en comparación a la señalada en estos estudios...(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Asthma/diagnosis , Rhinitis/diagnosis , Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Informed Consent/ethicsABSTRACT
Os animais sinantrópicos, dentre eles os pombos, constituem uma fonte de incômodo e problemas de saúde pública no meio urbano. Encontram-se dispersos por todo o território brasileiro. Devido a sua domesticação e distribuição no ambiente, os pombos-domésticos (Columba livia) levam a queixas por nidificações, infestação por ácaros e notificações de doenças humanas. Diante disto, foi efetuado levantamento documental dos registros de reclamações feitas pela população à Diretoria de Vigilância Ambiental (DIVAL) do Distrito Federal, no período de 2014 a 2016, com o objetivo de mapear as áreas com vulnerabilidade e propor soluções para reduzir a presença desses animais sinantrópicos e a incidência de agravos. Alimento, abrigo e água são elementos essenciais para a aproximação e permanência com o homem. A distribuição das reclamações apresenta expansão principalmente na zona urbana, e outras onde nunca houve notificação, sendo que o número de notificações para estabelecimentos privados se mostrou maior que para públicos. O controle populacional desses animais é complexo e os serviços de controle encontram dificuldades em suas atividades.
Synanthropic animals, including pigeons, are a source of nuisance and public health problems in the urban environment. Dispersedthroughout the Brazilian territory due to their domestication and distribution, domestic pigeons (Columba livia) of the Columbiformes class lead to complaints of mite infestation, nesting and notification of human diseases. In view of this, a documentary survey of the records of complaints made by the population to the Environmental Surveillance Directorate (DIVAL) of the Federal District was carried out, in the period from 2014 to 2016, in order to map the vulnerable areas and propose solutions to reduce the presence of these synanthropic animals and the incidence of injuries. The distribution of complaints is expanding mainly in the urban area, and others where there was never any notification, with the number of notifications for private establishments being higher than for public ones.The population control of these animals is complex and the control services face difficulties in their activities.
Subject(s)
Animals , Columbidae , Population Control/methods , Veterinary Public Health , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Environmental Health Surveillance , Animal DistributionABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: Social isolation is currently identified as the best way to prevent the infection by the new coronavirus. However, for some social groups, such as children and adolescents, this measure carries a contradiction: the home, which should be the safest place for them, is also a frequent environment of a sad aggravation: domestic violence. This study aims to evaluate the notifications of interpersonal/self-inflicted violence available in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases in the State of Santa Catarina (southern Brazil), for the juvenile age group, before and during the new coronavirus pandemics. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study of violence against children and adolescents (from 0 to 19 years) notified by health professionals by completing and entering the occurrence in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases of the State of Santa Catarina in 11 weeks in which the social isolation measure was instituted as mandatory, comparing with the same period before this measure. Results: During the study period, 136 municipalities in Santa Catarina made 1,851 notifications. There was a decrease of 55.3% of them in the isolation period, and the difficulties encountered in seeking protection and assistance institutions were listed. Conclusions: The society needs to be aware of possible cases of violence in the children and adolescent population. It is important to provide accessible, effective, and safe ways for complaints and notifications, as well as a quick response to the cases, aiming at protecting victims and minimizing damages to prevent the perpetuation of the violence.
RESUMO Objetivo: O isolamento social é identificado, no momento, como a melhor forma para evitar o contágio pelo novo coronavírus. Porém, para alguns grupos sociais, como crianças e adolescentes, essa medida carrega uma contradição: o lar, que deveria ser o local mais seguro para eles, é também um ambiente frequente de um triste agravo, a violência doméstica. Este estudo visou avaliar e comparar as notificações compulsórias de violências interpessoais/autoprovocadas disponíveis no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do Estado de Santa Catarina, pré e pós-pandemia do novo coronavírus. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico das violências contra crianças e adolescentes (de 0 a 19 anos de idade completos) notificadas pelos profissionais de saúde mediante o preenchimento e a inserção das ocorrências no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do Estado de Santa Catarina, no período de 11 semanas em que foi instituída como obrigatória a medida de isolamento social, comparando tais eventos com os de igual período anterior a essa medida. Resultados: No período estudado, 136 municípios catarinenses realizaram 1.851 notificações. Houve diminuição de 55,3% destas no período de isolamento, listando-se possíveis dificuldades encontradas para a procura de instituições de proteção e assistência. Conclusões: Alerta-se para a necessidade de a sociedade estar atenta para a suspeita e evidência dos casos de violência na população infantojuvenil, e ressalta-se a importância de que sejam propiciadas formas acessíveis, eficazes e seguras, como incentivo para as denúncias, a notificação e o rápido atendimento dos casos, visando à proteção das vítimas, à minimização dos danos e, assim, ao impedimento da perpetuação da violência.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Child Abuse/prevention & control , Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Child Welfare , Domestic Violence/prevention & control , Domestic Violence/trends , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Child Health/trends , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Collection/methods , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Needs Assessment , Adolescent Health/trends , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective To assess the relationship between food availability, food insecurity and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of households in the urban area of the state of Tocantins. Methods Population-based, cross-sectional study conducted in 594 households in the urban area of 22 municipalities in the state of Tocantins. A survey was carried out in the households, to collect socioeconomic and data, and assess food insecurity using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Further a food availability questionnaire was applied by the interviewer with the head of the family, who reported on the food and drinks available at home in the last 30 days. The description of the food available in the households resulted in a total of 142 food items that were grouped according to the NOVA classification of foods. demographic Results It was found that 63.3% of households were in a situation of food insecurity. The median caloric availability found was 2,771.4kcal/per capita/day, with the largest caloric contribution coming from fresh and minimally processed foods, regardless of the degree of food insecurity. Food availability was affected by socioeconomic vulnerability and the situation of food insecurity in the families.
RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a relação entre a disponibilidade alimentar, a situação de insegurança alimentar e características socioeconômicas e demográficas de domicílios da zona urbana do Estado do Tocantins. Métodos Estudo de base populacional, do tipo transversal, realizado em 594 domicílios da área urbana de 22 municípios do Estado do Tocantins. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos domicílios, com levantamento de dados socioeconômicos e demográficos, avaliação da insegurança alimentar por meio da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar e avaliação da disponibilidade dos alimentos a partir de um questionário de disponibilidade alimentar aplicado pelo entrevistador ao chefe da família, que informou sobre os alimentos e bebidas disponíveis no domicílio nos últimos 30 dias. A descrição dos alimentos disponíveis nos domicílios resultou em um total de 142 itens alimentares que foram agrupados de acordo com a classificação NOVA de alimentos. Resultados Constatou-se que 63,3% dos domicílios encontravam-se em situação de insegurança alimentar. A disponibilidade calórica mediana encontrada foi de 2.771,4kcal/per capita/dia, sendo a maior contribuição calórica advinda de alimentos in natura e minimamente processados, independente do grau de insegurança alimentar. Conclusão A disponibilidade alimentar foi afetada pela vulnerabilidade socioeconômica e pela situação de insegurança alimentar das famílias.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Socioeconomic Factors , Diet Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Data Collection/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Resumo Com o objetivo de discutir em que medida a inclusão ou não da variável raça/cor nas análises epidemiológicas da pandemia da COVID-19 manifesta-se como mecanismo de efetivação da necropolítica e como produtor de iniquidades (injustas e evitáveis) em saúde foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica a partir da revisão da literatura científica nas bases de dados Scientific Eletronic Library, PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde incluindo 09 artigos e análise documental de 27 boletins epidemiológicos de todos os estados brasileiros e Distrito Federal. Observou-se incipiência de dados relacionados a raça/cor, o que pode revelar a pretensão de invisibilizar quem são os mais atingidos pela epidemia. A negação dos direitos básicos e fundamentais caracteriza a estrutura racista que tem operado a política de enfrentamento da COVID-19 no país.
Abstract This study discusses to what extent the inclusion, or not, of the race/color variable in epidemiological analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic can work as an external manifestation of necropolitics and as a producer of health inequities. We conducted a literature review on 09 articles, and on Scientific Electronic Library, PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases. We also conducted a documental analysis on 27 epidemiological reports from all the federal states and the Federal District of Brazil. We did not see much information regarding race/color, which can be interpreted as an intentional omission in order to hide those who the epidemics affects the most. The denial of basic and fundamental rights is the element that characterizes the larger racist structure of Brazil's COVID-19 policies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Health Equity , Black People , Brazil/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections , Health Status Disparities , Pandemics , Epidemiological Monitoring , Racism , BetacoronavirusABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: Los índices de severidad en trauma son una serie de escalas que permiten describir la gravedad de un individuo traumatizado y se asocian con su pronóstico y probabilidad de sobrevida. Objetivo: Determinar el valor pronóstico de los índices de severidad anatómicos en la evolución de pacientes con lesiones traumáticas de colon y recto. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se incluyeron los pacientes con lesiones traumáticas de colon o recto intervenidos quirúrgicamente en cuatro hospitales de La Habana en el periodo 2008-2015. Los datos fueron recolectados de la historia clínica. Se utilizó análisis de distribución de frecuencias y las curvas de operación característica del receptor (curvas ROC). Resultados: La edad promedio de los pacientes 37,4 años (desviación estándar 13,6 años). Predominó el sexo masculino (76, 7 por ciento). De los 6 scores estudiados, solamente CIS Flint y COIS resultaron ser útiles para predecir sepsis de la herida quirúrgica. En la predicción de defunción, el área mayor bajo la curva correspondió a COIS (0,92), posteriormente le siguió NISS (0,86) y luego CIS Flint (0,81). Los puntos de corte óptimos calculados fueron: ( 3 para COIS, ( 24 para NISS y ( 2 para CIS Flint. Conclusiones: Se demuestra el valor de los índices COIS y Flint, para pronosticar la ocurrencia de complicaciones en los pacientes con lesiones traumáticas de colon y recto, y la utilidad de los diferentes índices, en el pronóstico de defunción(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: Trauma severity indices are a series of scales that describe the severity of a traumatized individual and are associated with their prognosis and probability of survival. Objective: To determine the prognostic value of anatomical severity indices in the evolution of patients with traumatic lesions of the colon and rectum. Methods: A descriptive observational and cross-sectional study was carried out. Patients with traumatic lesions of the colon or rectum who underwent surgery in four Havana hospitals in the period 2008-2015 were included. The data was collected from the medical history. Frequency distribution analysis and receiver characteristic operation curves (ROC curves) were used. Results: The average age of the patients 37.4 years (standard deviation 13.6 years). Male sex predominated (76.7 percent). Of the 6 scores studied, only CIS Flint and COIS were found to be useful in predicting sepsis of the surgical wound. In the prediction of death, the largest area under the curve corresponded to COIS (0.92), followed by NISS (0.86) and then CIS Flint (0.81). The calculated optimal cut-off points were: ( 3 for COIS, ( 24 for NISS and ( 2 for CIS Flint. Conclusions: The value of the COIS and Flint indices is demonstrated to predict the occurrence of complications in patients with traumatic lesions of the colon and rectum, and the usefulness of the different indices in the prognosis of death(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Severity of Illness Index , Colostomy/methods , Survival Analysis , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Abdominal Injuries/complications , Medical Records/statistics & numerical data , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Studies as TopicABSTRACT
La mortalidad neonatal es un problema de salud mundial y un indicador de la atención materno infantil. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad neonatal en pacientes atendidos en los Hos-pitales de Santa Bárbara e Intibucá, de marzo 2017 a febrero 2018. Pacientes y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, de corte transversal. El Mues-treo fue no probabilístico, con una muestra de 32 pacientes. La recolección de datos fue mediante cuestionario validado por el alfa de Cronbach con fiabilidad de 0.709. Los datos fueron procesados en SPSS versión 22.0. Las variables estudiadas fueron los factores de riesgo socio demográficos, natales, rela-cionados al parto y los asociados al riesgo postnatal de las madres. Resultados: 53% de las madres tenían una edad entre 12 a 19 años; 44% eran analfabetas, 84% de proce-dencia rural y 56% no tuvieron controles prenatales. Asimismo, el 93% presentó vagi-nosis. El porcentaje de neonatos fallecidos en Santa Bárbara fue del 62.5% y en Intibu-cá 37.5%. Conclusión: Los factores de riesgo identificados en mortalidad neonatal fueron el analfabetismo, embarazos en ado-lescentes y ser procedente del área rural.Más de la mitad no tuvieron controles prena-tales y casi todas tuvieron vaginosis. Las causas de muerte neonatal fueron: sepsis, prematurez, asfixia, síndrome de aspiración meconial y malformaciones congénitas...(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Primary Health Care/methods , Infant Mortality , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Hospital CareABSTRACT
Background: Anemia is considered by Worl Health Organization (WHO) as a global health problem. It can be affected by the body mass index of an individual since increasing weight can result in low-grade systemic inflammation and elevation of hepcidin which results in seguestratiion of iron inside a variety of cells including macrophages, hepatocytes and enteroytes and this would lead to the development of what is known as anemia of inflammation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of BI on complete blood count parameters. Patients and methods: In this crosssectional, retrospective study: the data of 200 overweight and obese male patients aged (18-60 years) were collected. They were grouped according to BMI into everweight and obese: different CBC parameters were noted. Inter group comparison was applied regarding different blood parameters and the relations eith BMI were calculated. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 16%. An extremely significant difference was found in mean white blood cells count in relation to different BMI gropups (p=0.001). A positive linear correlation was found between BMI with RDW, WBS, and platelets. Conclusions: There were effects of increasing BMI on WBC, RDW and platelets (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Body Weight Changes , Body Mass Index , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Anemia/diagnosis , Anemia/pathology , Anemia/blood , Leukocyte CountABSTRACT
Introdução: A disfunção temporomandibular apresenta etiologia multifatorial, enquadrando-se nesses fatores etiológicos condições psicológicas como a ansiedade. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência da disfunção temporomandibular, ansiedade e seus respectivos graus nos graduandos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo transversal, observacional, com abordagem indutiva, adotando como estratégia de coleta de dados o Índice Anamnésico de Fonseca e o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado em uma amostra de 185 estudantes de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, Brasil. Os dados foram trabalhados pela estatística descritiva e submetidos ao teste estatístico Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher considerado significativo ao nível de 5 porcento. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que a maioria da amostra é composta pelo sexo feminino (67 porcento) com idade média de 21,4 anos. Além disso, 79 porcento dos alunos apresentou algum grau da disfunção, tendo a maior parte (72 porcento) se encaixado no grau leve. A ansiedade estado e a ansiedade traço foram mais prevalentes no grau moderado com 79 porcento e 72 porcento, respectivamente. Não foi identificada associação estatística significativa entre a presença e ausência de Disfunção Temporomandibular e ansiedade, seja ela traço ou estado, na amostra estudada com p= 0,484 e p= 0,297, respectivamente. Conclusão: Conclui-se que houve uma alta prevalência de Disfunção Temporomandibular e ansiedade nos graduandos de Odontologia, destacando-se, assim, a importância da busca detalhada desses sinais e sintomas durante o exame clínico(AU)
Introducción: La disfunción temporomandibular presenta una causa multifactorial, incluyéndose en estos factores causales condiciones psicológicas como la ansiedad. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de la disfunción temporomandibular y la ansiedad y sus respectivos niveles en estudiantes. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio del tipo transversal, observacional y con enfoque inductivo. Se adoptó como estrategia de recolección de datos el índice de anamnesis de Fonseca y el inventario de ansiedad rasgo-estado en una muestra de 185 estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Los datos fueron trabajados por la estadística descriptiva y sometidos a la prueba estadística de chi cuadrado y exacta de Fisher, considerado significativo al nivel de 5 por ciento. Resultados: Los resultados indican que la mayoría de la muestra eran del sexo femenino (67 por ciento) con una edad promedio de 21,4 años. Además, 79 por ciento de los alumnos presentaron algún nivel de disfunción, y la mayor parte (72 por ciento) se encuadró en el nivel leve. La ansiedad estado y la ansiedad rasgo fueron más prevalentes en el nivel moderado con 79 por ciento y 72 por ciento, respectivamente. No se identificó ninguna asociación estadística significativa entre la presencia y ausencia de disfunción temporomandibular y la ansiedad, sea rasgo o estado, en la muestra investigada, con los respectivos valores de p= 0,484 y p= 0,297. Conclusiones: Hubo una alta prevalencia estadística de disfunción temporomandibular y ansiedad en los estudiantes de Odontología, así que se destaca la importancia de la búsqueda detallada de estos signos y síntomas en el examen clínico(AU)
Introduction: The etiology of temporomandibular dysfunction is multifactorial, and causal factors include psychological conditions such as anxiety. Objective: Identify the prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction and anxiety as well as their levels among dental students from the Federal University of Campina Grande. Methods: An inductive cross-sectional observational study was conducted of a sample of 185 dental students from the Federal University of Campina Grande. Data collection was based on Fonseca's anamnesis index and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and subjected to the chi-square statistical test and Fisher's exact test, with a significance level of 5 percent. Results: Results show that most of the sample was female (67 percent) with a mean age of 21.4 years. On the other hand, 79 percent of the students had some degree of dysfunction, which was mild in most (72 percent). Anxiety state and anxiety trait were more prevalent on the moderate level with 79 percent and 72 percent respectively. No significant statistical association was identified in the study sample between the presence and absence of temporomandibular dysfunction and anxiety, be it trait or state, with values of p= 0.484 and p= 0.297 respectively. Conclusions: High statistical prevalence was found of temporomandibular dysfunction and anxiety among dental students, hence the importance of a detailed search for those signs and symptoms during clinical examination(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Anxiety/etiology , Students, Dental/statistics & numerical data , Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome/epidemiology , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational StudyABSTRACT
El cáncer de mama es el tumor de la mujer más diagnosticado en la gran mayoría de los países. Los factores no hereditarios son los principales impulsores de las diferencias internacionales e interétnicas observadas en la incidencia de este cáncer. Las tasas de incidencia del cáncer de mama han aumentado en la mayoría de los países en transición en las últimas décadas, en tanto que en la mayoría de los países más avanzados, las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de mama han ido en descenso como resultado de la detección temprana de la enfermedad, los avances en el trata miento y mayor accesibilidad a los servicios de salud. Los principales factores de riesgo para el cáncer de mama no son fácilmente modificables porque se derivan de exposiciones hormonales endógenas prolongadas. La prevención a través de la promoción de la lactancia materna, particularmente su mayor duración, pudiera ser beneficioso. La incidencia de cáncer de mama en Panamá se comporta de manera similar a los países con índice de desarrollo Humano en transición; ha ido en aumento en las últimas décadas como resultado del aumento en la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo conocidos y la mejoría en la recolección de datos.
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed woman's tumor in the vast majority of countries. The nonhere ditary factors are the main drivers of the international and interethnic differences observed in the incidence of this cancer. Breast cancer incidence rates have increased in most countries in transition in recent decades, while in most of the more advanced countries, breast cancer death rates have been declining asa result of breast cancer. early detection of the disease, advances in treatment and greater accessibility to health services . The main risk factors for breast cancer are not easily modifiable because they are derived from prolonged endogenous hormonal exposures. Prevention through the promotion of breastfeeding, particularly its longer duration, could be beneficial. The inci dence of breast cancer in Panama behaves similarly to countries with a Human Development Index in transition; It has been increasing in recent decades as a result of the inc rease in the prevalence of k nown risk factors and the improvement in data collection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , History, 21st Century , Breast Neoplasms/ethnology , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Literature , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Development IndicatorsABSTRACT
Introducción: El conocimiento de la causa, gravedad y distribución del trauma facial y las lesiones concomitantes puede ayudar en la optimización del tratamiento inicial. Objetivo: Caracterizar el trauma maxilofacial grave en el servicio de urgencia del Hospital Universitario General Calixto García de 2015-2016. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en el Hospital Universitario General Calixto García, de 2015-2016. El universo lo constituyeron los pacientes que acudieron al servicio de urgencias con diagnóstico de politrauma maxilofacial y trauma maxilofacial grave. Las variables cualitativas fueron sexo, etiología, ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas y lesiones, y la variable cuantitativa fue edad. Se confeccionó una planilla de recolección de datos y la información se introdujo en una base de datos. Se emplearon números enteros, porcentajes y tablas estadísticas. Se siguieron los principios éticos para la investigación en humanos. Resultados: El sexo masculino constituyó un 73 por ciento. El grupo de edad más representado fue el de 18-30 años (32,4 por ciento), seguido por el de 31-40 y 41-50 (21,6 por ciento y 14,9 por ciento respectivamente). En el 44,6 por ciento de los pacientes el trauma estuvo relacionado con accidentes del tránsito, y en el 32,4 por ciento con violencia interpersonal. En el 50 por ciento de los pacientes se detectó aliento etílico. Predominaron las heridas mayores de 2 cm, seguidas por las de menos de esa longitud (52,7 por ciento y 28,4 por ciento, respectivamente) y la fractura mandibular (29,7 por ciento). Conclusiones: Hubo un predominio del sexo masculino y del grupo de edad de 18-30; la principal etiología fue el accidente de tránsito, seguida de la violencia interpersonal; las lesiones de tejidos blandos más frecuentes fueron las heridas mayores de 2 cm y las de tejidos duros: fracturas mandibulares. La mitad de los pacientes habían ingerido bebidas alcohólicas(AU)
Introduction: Understanding the cause, severity and distribution of facial trauma and concomitant lesions may help in the optimization of initial treatment. Objective: To characterize severe maxillofacial trauma in the emergency department of General Calixto García University Hospital from 2015-2016. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out at General Calixto García University Hospital, from 2015-2016. The study population was constituted by patients who presented to the emergency department with a diagnosis of maxillofacial polytrauma and severe maxillofacial trauma. We used the following qualitative variables: sex, etiology, drinking of alcohol and lesions. We used the quantitative variable of age. A data collection form was prepared and the information was entered into a database. Whole numbers, percentages and statistical tables were used. Ethical principles for human research were followed. Results: Males accounted for 73 percent. The most represented age group was 18-30 years (32.4 percent), followed by the 31-40 and 41-50 groups (21.6 percent and 14.9 percent, respectively). In 44.6 percent of the patients the trauma was associated to traffic accidents. In 32.4 percent of the patients, the trauma was associated to interpersonal violence. Ethyl breath was detected in 50 percent of the patients. Predominating wounds were larger than 2 cm, followed by those of less than that length (52.7 percent and 28.4 percent, respectively) and mandibular fracture (29.7 percent). Conclusions: There was a predominance of males and the age group of 18-30 years. The main etiology was traffic accident, followed by interpersonal violence. The most frequent soft-tissue lesions were wounds greater than 2 cm. The most frequent hard-tissue lesions were mandibular fractures. Half of the patients had consumed alcohol(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Mandibular Fractures/diagnosis , Maxillofacial Injuries/epidemiology , Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Alcoholic Beverages/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Introducción: Pronosticar la aparición de dolor postratamiento endodóntico favorece el juicio clínico de profesionales en relación con este procedimiento. Objetivo: Elaborar un índice a partir de factores que conducen al dolor postratamiento endodóntico en la población objeto de estudio. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación en dos etapas en la ciudad Santo Domingo, provincia Villa Clara. La primera fue un estudio analítico transversal sobre 94 tratamientos endodónticos seleccionados mediante un muestreo aleatorio, entre marzo y diciembre de 2015, para obtener un índice. La segunda fue un estudio transversal realizado sobre 62 tratamientos escogidos también de forma aleatoria, entre enero y mayo de 2016, para valorar la capacidad discriminatoria del índice. Se recopiló información mediante el interrogatorio, examen clínico y radiográfico, y se registró la presencia de dolor al terminar la terapia. Los datos se analizaron empleando estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Para la construcción del índice, se obtuvieron los valores del estadígrafo V de Cramer de cada variable. Resultados: Entre los factores asociados al dolor postratamiento endodóntico se observó como los más relevantes el dolor o inflamación preoperatorio, el dolor durante el tratamiento, el número de citas y el conducto radicular reducido; con valores de la V de Cramer de 0,848; 0,605; 0,595 y 0,592, respectivamente. La sensibilidad del índice propuesto fue del 83,3 pr ciento. Conclusiones: En la población estudiada se observaron varios factores asociados a la presencia de dolor postratamiento endodóntico; el dolor o inflamación preoperatorio resultó el de mayor significación. Estos factores se sintetizaron mediante un índice. El índice propuesto presentó una adecuada sensibilidad, lo que contribuye a establecer juicios pronósticos más acertados con respecto a la aparición posterior del dolor(AU)
Introduction: Predicting the onset of pain after endodontic treatment favors the professionals' clinical judgment regarding this procedure. Objective: To construct an index that combines the factors associated to pain after endodontic treatment in the study population. Methods: A study was carried out in two stages, in Santo Domingo City, Villa Clara Province. The first stage was a cross-sectional analytic study over a random sample of 94 endodontic treatments, collected in the period of March to December of 2015, for the construction of the index. The second stage was also a cross-sectional study over a sample of 62 treatments, carried out between January and May, 2016, with the purpose of assess the discriminatory ability of the obtained index. The information was collected through interrogation, clinical and radiographic examination; the presence of pain after therapy was recorded. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. For the construction of the index, we obtained the Cramer's V statistic values ââof each variable. Results: Among the factors associated with pain after endodontic treatment pain, the most were described such as preoperative pain or inflammation, pain during treatment, the number of appointments, and a reduced root canal, with Cramer's V values of 0.848, 0.605, 0.595 and 0.592, respectively. The sensitivity of the proposed index was 83.3 por ciento. Conclusions: In the studied population, a multi-causal relationship was observed in the factors associated with the presence of pain after endodontic treatment. The preoperative pain or inflammation was the most influential factor. This factors were synthesized by means of an index. The proposed index presents an adequate sensitivity, which contributes to establish more accurate judgments regarding the subsequent onset of pain(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Pulpitis/therapy , Dental Pulp Cavity/diagnostic imaging , Endodontics/statistics & numerical data , Pain Management/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Collection/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Introducción: El síndrome de ovario poliquístico es el trastorno ovulatorio más frecuente en la mujer de edad reproductiva. Se asocia a trastornos metabólicos que pudieran tener relación con el hiperandrogenismo. Objetivo: Identificar los trastornos metabólicos en mujeres portadoras de síndrome de ovario poliquístico y su relación con el hiperandrogenismo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo, de diciembre 2016 a junio 2017 en el Centro de Reproducción Asistida de Baja Tecnología de Matanzas. Fueron incluidas todas las mujeres que asistieron a la consulta de infertilidad, que cumplieran los criterios de Rotterdam para el diagnóstico de síndrome de ovario poliquístico (n = 38). Se recolectaron los datos generales, antecedentes patológicos personales y examen físico. Se realizó prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa, se determinaron los valores de hormona folículo estimulante, hormona luteinizante, prolactina, testosterona, insulina, glucemia, hemoglobina glucosilada, triglicéridos, colesterol total, colesterol de lipoproteína de alta densidad, creatinina y ácido úrico. Se calculó el HOMA-IR y se identificaron las portadoras de síndrome metabólico. Para el análisis estadístico se crearon 2 grupos: uno con hiperandrogenismo (n = 17) y otro sin hiperandrogenismo (n = 21). Resultados: Los trastornos metabólicos fueron frecuentes en toda la serie. Las pacientes con hiperandrogenismo tuvieron mayor frecuencia de obesidad (82,4 por ciento; p = 0,013), circunferencia abdominal ≥ 88 cm (94,1 por ciento; p = 0,005), tolerancia a la glucosa alterada (41,2 por ciento; p = 0,001) e hiperuricemia (17,6 por ciento; p = 0,045). Conclusiones: Los trastornos metabólicos fueron frecuentes en este grupo de pacientes. Las portadoras de hiperandrogenismo tuvieron trastornos metabólicos más marcados que las no hiperandrogénicas, sobre todo tolerancia a la glucosa alterada e hiperuricemia, probablemente mediados por la obesidad(AU)
Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common ovulatory disorder among women of childbearing age. It is associated to metabolic disorders which might in turn be related to hyperandrogenism. Objective: Identify the metabolic disorders among women with polycystic ovary syndrome and their relationship to hyperandrogenism. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Low-Technology Assisted Reproduction Center in Matanzas from December 2016 to June 2017. The study included all the women attending infertility consultation who met the Rotterdam criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis (n = 38). General data and information on personal pathological antecedents were collected and physical examination performed. The glucose tolerance test was applied and determination was made of values for follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, testosterone, insulin, glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine and uric acid. HOMA-IR was estimated and metabolic syndrome carriers were identified. Two groups were formed for statistical analysis: one with hyperandrogenism (n = 17) and one without hyperandrogenism (n = 21). Results: Metabolic disorders were common across the series. Patients with hyperandrogenism had a higher frequency of obesity (82.4 percent; p = 0.013), waist circumference ? 88 cm (94.1 percent; p = 0.005), impaired glucose tolerance (41.2 percent; p = 0.001) and hyperuricemia (17.6 percent; p = 0.045). Conclusions: Metabolic disorders were common in this group of patients. Hyperandrogenism carriers had more marked metabolic disorders than non-carriers, particularly as concerns impaired glucose tolerance and hyperuricemia, probably mediated by obesity(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/diagnosis , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Hyperandrogenism/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Obesity/diet therapy , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Interpretation, StatisticalABSTRACT
Introducción: las fracturas faciales constituyen UNA causa común de tratamiento en la urgencia. Objetivo: describir procederes y fallecimientos en el manejo inicial del politrauma maxilofacial y trauma maxilofacial grave en el servicio de urgencia. Métodos: se realizó estudio descriptivo de los procederes y fallecimientos en pacientes atendidos en el servicio de urgencias del Hospital Universitario General Calixto García con politrauma maxilofacial y trauma maxilofacial grave. Las variables fueron cuantitativas y cualitativas. Se confeccionó una planilla de recolección de datos y la información se introdujo en una base de datos. Se emplearon números enteros, porcentajes y tablas estadísticas. Se siguieron principios éticos investigativos. Resultados: al 100 por ciento de los pacientes se les evaluó vía aérea y se buscaron fuentes exanguinantes. Evaluación primaria: 70,3 por ciento requirió algún proceder para la vía aérea y se usó más intubación orotraqueal (10,8 por ciento); en la circulación se empleó más canalización de una vena periférica, administración de volumen y obtención de muestras de sangre para análisis hematológico (17,6 por ciento). Evaluación secundaria: 16,2 por ciento requirió intubación orotraqueal; Y para la circulación 83,8 por ciento demandó algún proceder. El 33,8 por ciento precisó sutura. El TAC fue más usado (41,9 por ciento). Fallecieron 12,2 por ciento de los pacientes y por accidente de tránsito 9,5 por ciento. Conclusiones: a todos los pacientes se les evaluó la vía aérea y se buscaron fuentes exanguinantes. El orden de empleo de los procederes realizados fue variable, no escalonado según complejidad creciente de los procedimientos y no se utilizaron todas las opciones de procederes. Los pacientes que fallecieron fueron mayoritariamente por accidentes de tránsito(AU)
Introduction: facial fractures are a common cause of treatment in emergency services. Objective: Describe procedures used and deaths occurring in the initial management of maxillofacial polytrauma and severe maxillofacial trauma at the emergency service. Methods: a descriptive study was conducted of procedures used and deaths occurring among maxillofacial polytrauma and severe maxillofacial trauma patients cared for at the emergency service of General Calixto García University Hospital. The variables considered were both quantitative and qualitative. A data collection form was developed and the information was stored in a database. Data were expressed in whole numbers, percentages and statistical tables. Ethical research principles were abided by. Results: 100 percent of the patients underwent airway evaluation, and causes of exsanguination were searched for. Primary assessment: 70.3 percent required some airway procedure and more orotracheal intubation was used (10.8 percent); for circulation, more peripheral venous cannulation was performed, as well as volume administration and blood sampling for hematological testing (17.6 percent). Secondary assessment: 16.2 percent required orotracheal intubation; for circulation, 83.8 percent required some procedure. 33.8 percent needed suturing; CAT scanning was more commonly used (41.9 percent). 12.2 percent of the patients died; traffic accidents accounted for 9.5 prcent(AU) Conclusions: all patients underwent airway evaluation, and causes of exsanguination were searched for. The order in which procedures were used was variable, not phased according to the growing complexity of the procedures, and not all procedure options were used. Most deceased patients had been involved in traffic accidents
Subject(s)
Humans , Accidents, Traffic/mortality , Emergencies , Facial Injuries/diagnosis , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Intubation, Intratracheal/methodsABSTRACT
Em relação aos anfíbios dos Estados de Goiás e Tocantins, os trabalhos disponíveis tratam de descrições de espécies e de ecologia de anfíbios. Esse trabalho foi realizado em uma área de importância ao ecoturismo, denominada cachoeira da Roncadeira, Tocantins. O presente estudo teve como propósito realizar um levantamento rápido sobre a anurofauna e com bases nestes dados, fazer comentários sobre a qualidade ambiental. No presente levantamento foi aplicada a técnica de busca ativa, que consiste na revirada de troncos, pedras e folhas caídas em locais úmidos, no período compreendido entre as 06h 30 min - 08h 30 min e 19h 30 min - 21h 30 min. Gravação dos registros sonoros, visualização direta e registros fotográficos foram realizados e analisados comparativamente com os guias de identificação visuais. Foram registradas 18 espécies de anuros na área de influência da cachoeira da Roncadeira, distribuídas nas famílias Bufonidae (2), Hylidae (7), Leptodactylidae (6), Microhylidae (3). Pela amostra aqui apresentada ser bem representativa da área de influência da cachoeira, está evidente a existência de boa qualidade ambiental local, sendo um indicador para a necessidade de investimentos em preservação para o ecoturismo com sustentabilidade.(AU)
The studies related to amphibians in the states of Goiás and Tocantins deal with the description of species and the ecology of amphibians. This paper was developed in an area of importance to ecotourism, known as the Roncadeira Waterfall, in the state of Tocantins. It has the purpose of carrying out a quick survey on the anuran fauna and, based on such data, comment on the environmental quality. The active search technique was applied on this survey, consisting in the overturning of trunks, rocks and leaves fallen in humid places, in the period between 6:30-8:30 a.m. and 7:30-9:30 p.m. Sounds were recorded, direct visualization and photographic records were made and analyzed by comparison to the visual identification guides. A total of 18 species of frogs were recorded in the area of influence of the Roncadeira Waterfall, distributed among Bufonidae (2), Hylidae (7), Leptodactylidae (6) and Microhylidae (3) families. The sample presented here is a good representative of the area of influence of the waterfall, providing evidence of the existence of a good local environmental quality, an indicator of the need for investments in preservation for sustainable ecoturism.(AU)
En cuanto a los anfibios de los Estados de Goiás y Tocantins, los trabajos disponibles tratan de descripciones de especies y de ecología de anfibios. Ese trabajo ha sido realizado en un área de importancia para el ecoturismo, denominada Cascada de la Roncadeira, Tocantins. El presente estudio tuvo como propósito realizar un levantamiento rápido sobre la anurofauna y con base en estos datos, hacer comentarios sobre la calidad ambiental. En el presente levantamiento se aplicó la técnica de búsqueda activa, que consiste en la revirada de troncos, piedras y hojas caídas en lugares húmedos, en el período comprendido entre las 06h 30 min - 08h 30 min y 19h 30 min - 21h 30 min. La grabación de los registros sonoros, visualización directa y los registros fotográficos han sido realizados y analizados en comparación con las guías de identificación visual. Se registraron 18 especies de anuros en el área de influencia de la cascada de la Roncadeira, distribuidas en las familias Bufonidae (2), Hylidae (7), Leptodactylidae (6), Microhylidae (3). Por la muestra aquí presentada es muy representativa del área de influencia de la cascada, está evidente la existencia de buena calidad ambiental local, siendo un indicador para la necesidad de inversiones en preservación para el ecoturismo con sustentabilidad.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Anura/classification , Data Collection/trends , Data Collection/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: Las parteras tradicionales apoyan en la atención del parto humanizado, lo cual les permite a las mujeres en trabajo de parto controlar la situación y tomar sus propias decisiones. Objetivo: Describir las prácticas de la partería tradicional en tres regiones del Departamento del Magdalena, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, enfoque cuantitativo, desarrollado con 15 parteras de los municipios de Santa Marta, Ariguaní y Fundación, departamento del Magdalena, los datos fueron recolectados utilizando un cuestionario estructurado y validado, aplicado en el primer semestre de 2016. La muestra fue tomada a conveniencia, dado al nivel de accesibilidad de las investigadoras con las parteras se pudo obtener 5 parteras de cada población, para un total de 15. Los datos cuantitativos fueron analizados utilizando estadística descriptiva (distribución porcentual y media). Resultados: El 54 por ciento se encontraba entre los 50 y 80 años de edad, vivían en zona rural 80 por ciento, tenían entre 30 y 60 años de experiencia como parteras 53 por ciento, todas son mujeres (100 por ciento) y sabían leer y escribir, 93 por ciento hablaba español, solo el 7 por ciento hablaba la lengua nativa, 47 por ciento aprendió a atender partos por tradición familiar, el 25 por ciento aprendió sola, el 20 por ciento aprendió a atender partos por medio de otra persona y el 8 por ciento aprendió por medio de un curso de capacitación. Conclusión: La partería en esta región continúa transfiriéndose de generación en generación, teniendo prácticas tradicionales como el uso de tomas después de la atención del parto(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: Traditional midwives support humanized delivery, which allows women in labor to control the situation and make their own decisions. Objective: To describe the practices of traditional midwifery in three regions of Magdalena Department, Colombia. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, developed with 15 midwives from the municipalities of Santa Marta, Ariguaní, and Fundación, Magdalena Department. The data were collected using a structured and validated questionnaire, applied in the first semester of 2016. The sample was taken at convenience, given the researchers' level of accessibility with the midwives. Five midwives from each population could be obtained, for a total of 15. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage and average distribution). Results: 54 percent were at age 50-80 years, 80 percent lived in rural areas, 53 percent had 30-60 years of experience as midwives, all are women (100 percent) and knew how to read and write, 93 percent spoke Spanish, only 7 percent spoke the native language, 47 percent learned how to assist births by family tradition, 25 percent learned by themselves, 20 percent learned how to assist births through another person, and 8 percent learned by means of a training course. Conclusion: Midwifery in this region continues to be transferred from generation to generation, having traditional practices, such as the use of intakes after delivery care(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Humanization of Assistance , Home Childbirth/nursing , Midwifery/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
En un contexto actual, la información, el conocimiento y la innovación son factores indispensables para la sociedad, la economía y el desarrollo territorial y organizacional. Por tales razones, Cuba ha implementado desde el año 1995 un sistema de ciencia, tecnología e innovación con el propósito de lograr la vinculación entre la comunidad científica, la comunidad empresarial y el gobierno. Con la finalidad de identificar las capacidades y las limitaciones que tienen las estructuras del Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente de Pinar del Río para gestionar el conocimiento, se realizó un diagnóstico utilizando el método científico histórico-lógico y el dialéctico para conocer los fundamentos históricos que existen sobre la gestión del conocimiento y su articulación en el sistema de ciencia, tecnología e innovación. Se aplicó un cuestionario para la recolección de los datos y el análisis documental que comprendió el estudio de textos de la especialidad y de las principales experiencias reportadas. Los principales resultados muestran que estas organizaciones no logran transferir con efectividad la información, el conocimiento y las innovaciones disponibles en la comunidad académica hacia la comunidad empresarial. Se propone un programa de acciones que contempla el diseño de un modelo de gestión del conocimiento, crear capacidades para el trabajo en red, renovar el conocimiento, articular la estrategia de comunicación social que permita una mayor visibilidad y fomentar el desarrollo del potencial científico en función de las prioridades del territorio(AU)
In the current context, information, knowledge and innovation are essential to society, the economy, and territorial and organizational development. It is for this reason that ever since the year 1995 Cuba has implemented a science, technology and innovation system to establish links between the scientific community, the business community and the government. A diagnostic study was conducted based on the scientific historical-logical and dialectical method with the purpose of becoming acquainted with the historical foundations of knowledge management and their relationship to the system of science, technology and innovation, as well as with the knowledge management capacities and limitations of structures from the Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment in Pinar del Río. A questionnaire was applied to collect the data, and document analysis was performed which comprised the study of texts on the specialty and reports about the main lessons learned. Results show that these organizations do not manage to effectively transfer the information, knowledge and innovations available in the academic community to the business community. An action program is proposed which includes designing a knowledge management model, building networking capacities, renewing knowledge, articulating the social communication strategy so that it permits greater visibility, and fostering the development of the scientific potential in keeping with territorial priorities(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Science and Technology Information Networks , Knowledge Management/standardsABSTRACT
Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre doença periodontal, parto prematuro e recém-nascidos de baixo peso, em um grupo de mulheres no município de Curitiba, PR, Brasil. Métodos: no presente caso-controle foram avaliadas 51 mães, com idade entre 16 e 40 anos, divididas em dois grupos: as que tiveram parto prematuro, sendo os recém-nascidos de baixo peso; e as que não tiveram parto prematuro também com recém-nascidos de baixo peso. Foram coletados dados das mães e dos recém-nascidos por meio de questionários e análise de registros médicos. O exame periodontal foi realizado em seis sítios de cada dente presente, com exceção dos terceiros molares. Resultados: foi encontrado que 82,4 porcento das mulheres tiveram partos normais, 25,5 porcento das mães tiveram seus bebês prematuramente, 19,6 porcento dos bebês nasceram com peso inferior a 2 500 g e 5,9 porcento das mulheres tinham doença periodontal. Conclusão: nesta amostra não foi identificada associação entre doença periodontal, parto prematuro e recém-nascidos de baixo peso(AU)
Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre la enfermedad periodontal, los nacimientos prematuros y recién nacidos con bajo peso en un grupo de mujeres en la ciudad de Curitiba, PR, Brasil. Métodos: en estudio de casos y controles se evaluaron 51 madres, de edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 40 años, divididas en dos grupos: las que habían tenido un parto prematuro y con bajo peso y las que no habían tenido un parto prematuro pero sí bebés con bajo peso. Se recogieron datos de las madres y los recién nacidos a través de cuestionarios y análisis de los registros médicos. El examen periodontal se llevó a cabo en seis sitios de cada diente presente, excepto los terceros molares. Resultados: se encontró que 82,4 por ciento de las mujeres tuvieron un parto normal, el 25,5 pr ciento de las madres tenían a sus bebés antes de tiempo, el 19,6 por ciento de los bebés que nacieron con un peso inferior a 2 500 g, y 5,9 por ciento de las mujeres tenían enfermedad periodontal. Conclusiones: en esta muestra no se identificó ninguna asociación entre la enfermedad periodontal y los partos prematuros y el bajo peso al nacer(AU)
Objective: evaluate the association between periodontal disease, preterm births and low birth weight neonates in a group of women from the city of Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Methods: in this case-control study, an evaluation was conducted of 51 mothers aged 16-40 years divided into two groups: those with a preterm delivery and low birth weight babies, and those without a preterm delivery but with low birth weight babies. Data about the mothers and the neonates were collected via questionnaires and medical record analysis. Periodontal examination was performed at six sites of each tooth present, except for the third molars. Results: it was found that 82.4 percent of the women had had a normal delivery and 25.5 percent a preterm delivery. 19.6 percent of the babies weighed less than 2 500 g at birth, and 5.9 percent of the women had periodontal disease. Conclusions: no association was found in the sample between periodontal disease and preterm delivery and low birth weight(AU)