ABSTRACT
To establish reference values for biochemical analytes related to freshwater shortage adaptation, a total of 376 blood samples were collected from feral sheep at Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago. Year-round variation was assessed by sampling at the beginning of each season defined by the March equinox, June solstice, September equinox, and December solstice. The resulting data set was analyzed using Gaussian distribution and descriptive statistics. Confidence intervals of 95% were established. Analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values of each season. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, albumin, total protein, sodium ion, anion gap, creatine kinase, arginine vasopressin, and aldosterone showed concentrations above the reference range for domestic sheep. Triglycerides, urea, albumin, sodium ion, and aldosterone showed concentrations within the reference range for domestic goats. Most biochemical analytes showed differences (P<0.05) between seasons, with the highest values occurring during winter, and the lowest during spring. Results could help improve the accuracy of metabolic profiles used as a tool for evaluating dehydration indicators, and to describe the physiological mechanisms employed by feral sheep to cope with seasonal availability of freshwater.(AU)
Para estabelecer valores de referência para analitos bioquímicos relacionados à adaptação da escassez de água doce, um total de 376 amostras de sangue foram coletadas de carneiros selvagens na ilha de Socorro, no arquipélago de Revillagigedo. A variação durante todo o ano foi avaliada por amostragem no início de cada estação definida pelo equinócio de março, solstício de junho, equinócio de setembro e solstício de dezembro. O conjunto de dados resultante foi analisado usando distribuição Gaussiana e estatística descritiva. Intervalos de confiança de 95% foram estabelecidos. A análise de variância foi usada para comparar os valores médios de cada estação. O colesterol total, triglicerídeos, ureia, albumina, proteína total, íon sódio, hiato aniônico, creatina quinase, arginina vasopressina e aldosterona apresentaram concentrações acima do intervalo de referência para carneiros domésticos. Triglicerídeos, ureia, albumina, íon sódio e aldosterona apresentaram concentrações dentro da faixa de referência para cabras domésticas. A maioria dos analitos bioquímicos apresentou diferenças (P<0,05) entre as estações, com os maiores valores ocorrendo no inverno e os menores na primavera. Os resultados podem ajudar a melhorar a precisão dos perfis metabólicos usados como uma ferramenta para avaliar os indicadores de desidratação e descrever os mecanismos fisiológicos empregados pelas carneiros selvagens para lidar com a disponibilidade sazonal de água doce.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep/blood , Dry Season , Dehydration/blood , Seasons , Animals, Wild/blood , MexicoABSTRACT
No presente estudo, foram comparados os efeitos da administração intravenosa de três soluções eletrolíticas comerciais sobre o equilíbrio ácido-base em cães desidratados experimentalmente por restrição hídrica e poliúria. Os animais foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em três grupos e tratados com três diferentes soluções eletrolíticas comerciais durante 12 horas: Ringer com lactato de sódio (RL), Ringer simples (RS) e Glicofisiológico (GF). Entre os tratamentos testados, a fluidoterapia intravenosa com solução de Ringer com lactato de sódio (RL) foi o tratamento que apresentou efeito alcalinizante, sinalizado por pequeno aumento nos valores do pH(a), cHCO3(aP), ctCO2(aP) e cBase(a), podendo ser utilizada no tratamento de animais com acidose metabólica de intensidade discreta a moderada. As soluções Ringer simples (RS) e glicofisiológica (GF) determinaram discreta diminuição na concentração de base titulável do sangue arterial (cBase), demonstrando efeito acidificante, o que as tornam uma opção para tratar cães com alcalose metabólica.
Three commercial intravenous electrolyte solutions were compared as for their effects on the blood acid-base status in dogs experimentally dehydrated by withholding water and inducing polyuria. Animals were randomly divided into three groups which were rehydrated with the following commercial electrolyte solutions during 12 hours: Lactate Ringerïs solution (RL), Ringerïs solution (RS) and a normal saline solution (0.9 percent sodium chloride) containing 5 percent dextrose (GF). The RLïs intravenous fluid therapy resulted in an alkalinizing effect demonstrated by a mild increase in arterial blood pH, ctCO2, bicarbonate (cHCO-3), and arterial blood base concentration (cBase) and, thus, can be used in animals exhibiting mild to moderate metabolic acidosis. In contrast, the RS and GF therapies led to a mild decrease in the concentration of arterial blood tritiable base (cBase) inducing an acidifying effect, which make them an option to treat dogs with metabolic alkalosis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Dogs , Dehydration/chemically induced , Dehydration/blood , Dehydration/veterinary , Dog Diseases/therapy , Blood Gas Analysis/veterinary , Fluid Therapy/veterinary , Rehydration Solutions/administration & dosage , Rehydration Solutions/adverse effectsSubject(s)
Humans , Child , History, 20th Century , Chlorine/blood , Dehydration/blood , Dehydration/therapy , Biomarkers/blood , Bicarbonates/therapeutic use , Chlorides/therapeutic use , Water-Electrolyte Imbalance/blood , Water-Electrolyte Imbalance/therapy , Dehydration/metabolism , Fluid Therapy/methods , Glucose/therapeutic use , Hydrogen-Ion ConcentrationABSTRACT
Eight healthy female adult camels were used to study the effect of long term dehydration on serum constituents in extreme climatic conditions viz. cold and hot. The dehydration phases were of 24 days in cold and 13 days in hot conditions. The changes in sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus were non significant (P > 0.05) while in chloride, glucose, total proteins, urea, bilirubin, cholesterol and creatinine were significant (P < or = 0.05) during dehydration phase. The mean values of all the constituents tended to return to normal as the rehydration phase advanced. Changes in sodium and potassium in dehydrated camels reflected that they were able to maintain the salt balance.
Subject(s)
Animals , Camelus/blood , Cold Climate/adverse effects , Dehydration/blood , Desert Climate/adverse effects , Female , TimeABSTRACT
It is sometimes difficult to gain a rapid intravenous access in hypovolemic states. The suitability of intraosseous (IO) route for fluid infusion as an effective, safe and reliable alternative to intravenous (IV) route was explored. Sixty children (age range 3 months to 2 years) with severe dehydration were assigned alternately to receive resuscitating fluid through either IO or IV routes. The IO route was successfully secured in all cases within the first 5 minutes of attempt. On the other hand, the IV line could not be secured in 33% (10 out of 30) patients within 5 minutes. The time taken for IV cannulation when it was successful (129 +/- 13 seconds, 95% confidence interval 103-156 seconds) was significantly longer than the time taken for IO cannulation (67 +/- 7 seconds, 95% confidence interval 55-80 seconds). Fluid infusion through either routes was equally effective in stabilizing vital signs and normalizing laboratory abnormalities. No significant complication of IO route was noted on short term follow-up. We conclude that IO route is a safe, effective alternative for emergency fluid administration in severe dehydration when intravenous line cannot be secured rapidly.
Subject(s)
Acidosis/blood , Case-Control Studies , Dehydration/blood , Fluid Therapy/methods , Humans , Infant , Infusions, Intraosseous , Infusions, Intravenous , Osmolar Concentration , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Female , Dehydration/blood , Diarrhea, Infantile/complications , Electrolytes/analysis , Water-Electrolyte BalanceABSTRACT
Este trabajo muestra los resultados de la expansión endovenosa rápida con cloruro de sodio al 0.9 por ciento (CINa) en 142 pacientes deshidratados moderados a severos, oligoanúricos, que presentaron un cuadro compatible con cólera hasta lograr la micción espontánea. Además se presenta el efecto sobre las variables clínicas y bioquímicas en estos pacientes al ser sometidos a dos diferentes esquemas de mantenimiento (posteriormente a la recuperación de la micción): C1Na más Suero de rehidratación oral(SRO) (71 pac) y Solución polielectrolítica endovenosa por (PEV) mas SRO (71 pac). Todos estos pacientes fueron tratados en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia en mayo de 1991 durante la epidemia de Cólera en nuestro país. Los pacientes fueron personas adultas (14 a 60 años), deshidratados moderados a severos (promedio 11.5 por ciento, rango 7 a 15 por ciento de pérdida del peso corporal). Todos fueron expandidos únicamente con C1Na (promedio de 2.36 1/hora). El tiempo promedio hasta recuperar diuresis fue 1.79 mas o menos 0.73 horas. Los valores bioquímicos al ingreso fueron: Cloro sérico 100 mas o menos 8.4 mEq/L., potasio sérico 4.46 mas o menos 0.7 mEq/l., Sodio sérico 136 mas o menos 4.7 mEq/L. Reserva alcalina 23.7 mas o menos 9.2 mEq/L. y creatinina sérica 1.6 mas o menos 0.69 mg/dl. Al momento de la micción estos valores fueron: Cloro sérico 103 mas o menos 7.4 mEq/L., potasio sérico 4.3 mas o menos 0.7 mEq/L., sodio sérico 139 mas o menos 3.5 mEq/L., Reserva alcalina sérica 28.7 mas o menos 7 mEq/L. Finalmente al momento del alta los valores fueron: Cloro sérico 102.8 mas o menos 8.34 mEq/L., Reserva alcalina sérica 22.1 mas o menos 7.4 mEq/L., Sodio sérico 137 mas o menos 4.4 mEq/L., potasio sérico 4.4 mas o menos 0.6 mEq/L. y creatinina sérica 0.7 mas o menos 0.2 mg/dl. Se demuestra la utilidad y ventajas del empleo inicial de C1Na para expandir rápidamente la volemia y que además no existe diferencias clínicas ni bioquímicas en los pacientes al momento del alta entre los dos esquemas de mantenimiento. Vale resaltar que los valores de potasio, que son coincidentes con los de la literatura, sugieren que el riesgo inicial de hipokalemia en un paciente por cólera es casi nulo, constituyendo la expansión rápida del volumen intravascular hasta lograr micción y la rehidratación oral temprana las claves del tratamiento
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Dehydration/drug therapy , Diarrhea/drug therapy , Sodium Chloride/therapeutic use , Cholera/drug therapy , Dehydration/blood , Diarrhea/blood , Electrolytes/therapeutic use , Fluid Therapy , PeruABSTRACT
La concentración de Mg en el plasma de 22 lactantes sanos fue en promedio de 23,90 + ou - 1,63 mg x 1, similar a la de otras publicaciones. En 20 lactantes con diarrea aguda y deshidratación con o sin acidosis, las concentraciones plasmáticas fueron leve pero significativamente elevadas con respecto a los controles sanos, promedio 26,75 + ou - 3,49 mg x 1.(p <0,01)