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2.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-91432

ABSTRACT

Dementia is the development of multiple cognitive deficits that includes memory impairment and at least one of the following--Aphasia, apraxia, agnosia or disturbances in executive functioning. The common causes of dementia among the elderly are Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, mixed dementia and Lewy body disease. The concept of reversible dementia was introduced in 1980 when a task force sponsored by National Institute of Ageing found 10-12% of dementia cases in older group to have reversible causes such as metabolic-nutritional, drugs, infections, psychiatric disorders etc. In our series of 76 patients in the presenile age group (<65 years), 34.21% (26/76) had a reversible condition underlying the dementia. 43.42% (33/76) had vascular dementia, 13.15% (10/76) had Alzheimer's disease and 9.21% (7/76) had mixed dementia. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus were commoner in the vascular dementia group as compared to the Alzheimer's group. Evaluation of MRI as a tool in diagnosis of dementia showed increased sensitivity of MRI towards detecting lacunes. The potentially reversible dementias comprised infections 14.47% (11/76), metabolic-nutritional 14.47% (11/76) and autoimmune diseases 3.94% (3/76). These were characterized by a subcortical dementia. Four month follow up of MMSE in this group showed significant and sustained improvement in the metabolic nutritional group.


Subject(s)
Adult , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Brain/pathology , Dementia, Multi-Infarct/diagnosis , Dementia, Vascular/diagnosis , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle Aged , Time Factors , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
3.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 41(1): 11-18, ene.-mar. 2003. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-383450

ABSTRACT

Presentamos un caso de CADASIL (acrónimo inglés de arteriopatía cerebral autosómica dominante con infartos subcorticales y leucoencefalopatía), que corresponde al primero de una serie de 4 casos diagnosticados en nuestro servicio desde 1998, con correlato clínico, imageno-lógico y de ultrapatología muscular (microscopia electrónica). Se trata de una paciente mujer con historia de dos crisis isquémicas cerebrales transitorias a los 29 años, sin factores de riesgo tradicionales para patología cerebrovascular, que luego de 7 años desarrolló síntomas de tipo depresivos, asociados a un cuadro de retraimiento sicomotor y parkinsonismo de carácter progresivo y sin respuesta a terapia farmacológica convencional. En su estudio, la resonancia nuclear magnética de cerebro mostró extensas alteraciones en sustancia blanca a nivel fronto-occipital, bilaterales, hiperintensas en T2 e hipointensas en T1, cuya señal no se reforzó con gadolinio, sin efecto de masa, asociadas a leucoaraiosis, compatibles con el diagnóstico de CADASIL. El estudio de una biopsia muscular mediante microscopia electrónica, confirmó una arteriopatia con depósito de material granular osmiofílico en los vasos sanguíneos, tipo CADASIL. No encontramos antecedentes de cuadros demenciales ni cerebrovasculares sintomáticos en otros parientes de la paciente, madre, padre, tíos, abuelos, por lo que es probable que se trate de un cuadro esporádico. No realizamos estudio genético ni biopsico de los parientes asintomáticos. Las características de la paciente ilustran cuando sospechar el diagnóstico de CADASIL, aún frente a un caso aparentemente esporádico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Dementia, Multi-Infarct/diagnosis , Dementia, Vascular
4.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-40185

ABSTRACT

The authors report the first Thai family with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) in which the family members had a classical history of progressive vascular dementia. The proband was a 31-year old Thai male who presented with an acute stroke in the subcortical region. His past history revealed mental disturbance, including poor judgement and regressive behavior as well as mood changes for 1 year. He did not have a history of migraine or any other vascular risk factors except for a strong family history of ischemic stroke and progressive dementia. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated multiple small infarctions in the subcortical white matter of the bilateral frontal, parietal and occipital lobes with another small lesion in the pons. Genetic study demonstrated a Notch 3 mutation consisting of the substitution of a nucleotide at position 406 in exon 3 leading to the replacement of an Arginine by Cysteine at position 110 in the 2nd EGF motif, which is compatable with CADASIL.


Subject(s)
Adult , Cerebral Infarction/diagnosis , Chromosomes, Human, 19-20 , Dementia, Multi-Infarct/diagnosis , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/diagnosis , Genetic Linkage , Male , Middle Aged , Mutation, Missense , Pedigree , Prognosis , Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics , Receptors, Cell Surface , Risk Assessment , Thailand
5.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 141-144, 2003.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-46835

ABSTRACT

We report a 52-yr-old Korean woman with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) whose diagnosis was confirmed by skin biopsy and the presence of a novel mutation in the NOTCH3 gene. The patient's clinical features were rather unusual in that 1) clinical presentations were only two episodes of stroke and mild dementia unaccompanied by mood disturbances or migraine, and 2) there was no family history. Brain MRI showed T2 hyperintensities in both temporal pole areas in line with the recent suggestion by O'Sullivan et al. that the abnormality could be a radiologic marker of CADASIL. FDG-PET also showed a hypometabolism in the temporal pole areas with an abnormal finding on MRI in addition to the hypometabolism in cortical and subcortical regions. We could learn from this case that CADASIL may be included in the differential diagnoses in patients with vascular dementia associated with a small vessel disease, even in the absence of a family history, especially when there are no known stroke risk factors and when the MRI shows T2 hyperintensity in the temporal pole regions.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Amino Acid Substitution , Biopsy , Brain/pathology , Codon/genetics , Dementia, Multi-Infarct/diagnosis , Dementia, Multi-Infarct/genetics , Dementia, Multi-Infarct/pathology , Dementia, Multi-Infarct/diagnostic imaging , Korea , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mutation, Missense , Neuropsychological Tests , Point Mutation , Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics , Skin/pathology , Tomography, Emission-Computed
6.
Rev. argent. radiol ; 66(1): 5-9, ene.-mar. 2002. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-312459

ABSTRACT

La arteriopatía autosómica dominante con infartos subcorticales y leucoencefalopatía (CADASIL) es una enfermedad vascular cerebral hereditaria que compromete pequeñas arterias y se caracteriza por isquemias recurrentes, parálisis pseudobulbar y demencia. Otras manifestaciones clínicas incluyen migraña y depresión. Reportamos una familia argentina compuesta de VI generaciones con evidencia de enfermedad en IV. De los 262 integrantes vivos de la familia se tomaron 30 sospechosos de enfermedad a los cuales se les realizaron exámenes de rutina para descartar otra causa de ACV. Por consentimiento se logró el estudio genético en 18 y resonancia magnética en 21 de éstos pacientes. Se realizó una biopsia de piel en un enfermo típico para avalar el diagnóstico. De éste grupo de 30 pacientes se eligieron 5 descendientes sanos a los cuales se les practicó RMI y estudios genéticos. Tres de ellos tenían estudios genéticos y RMI normales, los dos restantes tenían alteraciones genéticas y la RMI fue patológica. Los hallazgos en RMI fueron áreas pequeñas, hiperintensas en T2, con características de infartos de sustancia blanca periventricular, tronco cerebral, ganglios basales y talámos. Presentando además áreas confluentes, hipertensas en T2 en sustancia blanca, a menudo simétricas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Cerebral Infarction , Cerebrovascular Disorders , Dementia, Multi-Infarct/diagnosis , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 , Dementia, Multi-Infarct/genetics , Dementia , Depression/etiology , Hemiplegia/etiology , Migraine with Aura/etiology , Migraine without Aura/etiology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
9.
Rev. neurol. Argent ; 17(2): 41-6, 1992. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-105824

ABSTRACT

Se describen las características de la Escala Isquémica de Hachinski en 29 pacientes afro-americanos y en 51 pacientes americanos de raza blanca. Los pacientes afro-americanos presentaron una mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial, así como valores más altos en la Escala Isquémica de Hachinski. Sin embargo, en el 93%(27-29) de los mismos la Escala de Hachinski mostró valores compatibles con el diagnóstico de una demencia degenerativa primaria. En una población racial mixta con una alta prevalencia de hipertensión arterial la Escala Isquémica de Hachinski clasificó correctamente a los pacientes afro-americanos con enfermedad de Alzheimer definida por los criterios del DSM III-R


Subject(s)
Dementia, Multi-Infarct/ethnology , Alzheimer Disease/ethnology , Diagnosis, Differential , Hypertension/complications , Dementia, Multi-Infarct/diagnosis , Dementia, Multi-Infarct/epidemiology , Brain Ischemia/complications , Brain Ischemia/diagnosis , Dementia/diagnosis , Dementia/epidemiology , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data
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