ABSTRACT
Atypical inflammatory demyelinating syndromes are rare neurological diseases that differ from multiple sclerosis (MS), owing to unusual clinicoradiological and pathological findings, and poor responses to treatment. The distinction between them and the criteria for their diagnoses are poorly defined due to the lack of advanced research studies. Balo's concentric sclerosis (BCS) and Schilder's disease (SD) are two of these syndromes and can present as monophasic or in association with chronic MS. Both variants are difficult to distinguish when they present in acute stages. We describe an autopsy case of middle-aged female with a chronic history of MS newly relapsed with atypical demyelinating lesions, which showed concurrent features of BCS and SD. We also describe the neuropathological findings, and discuss the overlapping features between these two variants.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS/pathology , Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis of Schilder/pathology , Multiple Sclerosis/complications , Multiple Sclerosis/pathology , Autopsy , Fatal OutcomeABSTRACT
La encefalomielitis aguda diseminada (EMAD) es la leucoencefalopatía adquirida de mayor presentación en la edad pediátrica, de naturaleza inflamatoria-autoinmune, generalmente monofásica, polisintomática, y asociada a compromiso del estado de conciencia. Frecuentemente es precedida por un proceso infeccioso o por una inmunización. Se revisó la literatura médica de los últimos años considerando los aspectos etiopatogénicos, clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Se presentan los últimos criterios diagnósticos para la EMAD y sus formas recurrentes, así como la importancia de los diagnósticos diferenciales, entre ellos la Esclerosis Múltiple Pediátrica(EMP). Las imágenes de Resonancia Magnética (IRM) constituyen el estudio de elección para detectar lesiones desmielinizantes.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an acquired leucoencephalopathy, that occurs more frequently during childhood, of inflammatory autoimmune condition, usually monophasic, polysymptomatic and associated with sensory deterioration. It is a frequently preceded by infections or vaccinations. Recent medical literature was reviewed considering etiology, pathogenesis, clinical, diagnosis and treatment aspects. The current diagnostic criteria for ADEM, its variants and the relevance of differential diagnostics, like Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (PMS) are included. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is recommended to detect demyelination injuries. High doses of steroids are still the therapeutic alternative for ADEM.