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1.
Rev. medica electron ; 43(5): 1221-1236, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1352107

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: las habilidades investigativas se insertan en la formación del profesional de estomatología como una de las dimensiones claves del proceso de formación. Objetivo: evaluar la percepción de los estudiantes acerca del estado actual de desarrollo de las habilidades investigativas en el ciclo clínico de la carrera de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, de corte transversal, en la que participaron 68 estudiantes de tercer a quinto año, durante la culminación del curso 2018-2019. Fueron seleccionados a través de un muestreo intencional. Se empleó un cuestionario de percepción del dominio de las habilidades relacionadas con el manejo de la información científica, el diseño y ejecución de investigaciones, y el análisis de situación de salud bucal. Resultados: los estudiantes reconocieron tener dominio de la habilidad para el manejo de la información científica y para el análisis de situación de salud bucal. Las acciones menos dominadas fueron la recopilación de información y el diseño de un perfil de proyecto de investigación. La Jornada Científica Estudiantil y el trabajo de curso fueron las vías más empleadas para la divulgación científica. Predominaron los obstáculos externos, seguidos de obstáculos asociados al propio dominio de la habilidad para el diseño y la ejecución de la investigación científica. Conclusión: los estudiantes del ciclo clínico de la carrera de Estomatología reconocen poseer un adecuado dominio de las habilidades investigativas, lo cual contribuye de modo satisfactorio a la formación profesional. No obstante, resulta necesario promover acciones educativas que tributen a las operaciones menos dominadas y estimulen la inserción estudiantil en proyectos de investigación para la sistematización de estas habilidades (AU).


ABSTRACT Introduction: research skills are inserted in the training of the stomatology professional as one of the key dimensions of the training process. Objective: to evaluate the perception of students about the current state of development of research skills in the clinical cycle of the pre-graduate studies of Stomatology of the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional research was carried out, involving 68 third to fifth year students, during the co a descriptive, cross-sectional research was carried out, involving 68 third to fifth year students, during the completion of the 2018-2019 course. They were chosen through intentional sampling. A perception questionnaire was used for the mastering skills related to the management of scientific information, the design and execution of research, and oral health situation analysis. Results: the students recognized to master the ability of handling scientific information and oral health situation analysis. Less mastered actions were the collection of information and the design of a research project profile. The Student Science Day and the course work were the most widely used ways for scientific dissemination. External difficulties predominated, followed by difficulties associated with the own mastery of the ability to design and execute scientific research. Conclusion: the students in the clinical cycle of the pre-grade studies of Stomatology recognize having an adequate mastery of research skills, which contributes satisfactorily to professional training. However, it is necessary to promote educational actions that contribute to the less dominated operations and stimulate the insertion of students in research projects for the systematization of these skills (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students, Dental , Dental Research/education , Aptitude , Dental Research/methods , Professional Training , Health Information Systems
2.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 12(3): 274-279, Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-975745

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio es describir las características de las instituciones y el equipo de investigación y docencia que imparten Odontología Legal (OL) a nivel pregrado en Chile. Estudio cualitativo realizado durante el 2017. Desde las páginas web institucionales de las universidades que imparten la carrera de odontología en Chile, se obtuvo información sobre el cuerpo docente del ramo de OL a nivel pregrado. Cuando la información no estuvo disponible, se solicitó vía correo electrónico. Se realizó una búsqueda de publicaciones chilenas sobre OL y Forense en las bases de datos Medline, SciELO, Lilacs y Cochrane, y se identificó aquellas realizadas por docentes ejerciendo en Chile. La asignatura de OL se imparte a nivel pregrado en 17 de las 21 universidades que imparten la carrera de Odontología, siendo un curso obligatorio en 16 de ellas, y electivo en una de ellas. De los 29 docentes que imparten el ramo a nivel pregrado en Chile, sólo tres tiene la especialidad de OL. Se encontraron sólo 28 publicaciones científicas en el área en los últimos diez años, cuya autoría corresponde a cinco de los docentes del ramo a nivel pregrado. En Chile, la docencia de OL, a nivel pregrado, es impartida mayoritariamente por cirujano-dentistas no especializados en el área, en concordancia con que la especialidad comenzó a impartirse en el año 2015. Es imperioso aumentar la investigación en OL entre los docentes, de manera de desarrollar el área a nivel universitario, aumentando el conocimiento en la disciplina y consolidándola como ciencia.


ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of the universities and the research and education teams imparting "Forensic Odontology" at undergraduate level in Chile. A qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted during 2017. Information was sought from the institutional websites of universities that impart Dentistry degrees. When the information was not available, it was requested via email to the respective authorities. A search was conducted to identify Chilean publications that deal with the topic of forensic dentistry, in the Medline, SciELO, Lilacs and Cochrane databases. Those authored or co-authored by academic(s) teaching in Chile were identified. "Forensic Odontology" is taught at undergraduate level in 17 of the 21 universities that impart the career of Dentistry in Chile, being mandatory in 16 of schools, and an elective in one of them. Of the 29 academics who teach the subject at undergraduate level in Chile, only three have the specialty of OL. Only 28 scientific publications in the area were found in the last ten years, whose authorships correspond to five academics in the field, teaching at undergraduate level. In Chile, "Forensic Odontology" at the undergraduate level, is mainly imparted by dental surgeons not specialized in the subject, in accordance with the fact that the specialty began to be taught in Chile only in 2015. It is imperative to increase the amount of research in forensic odontology conducted by the academics, in order to develop the area at the university level, to improve knowledge in this discipline and consolidate it as a science.


Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Dental/methods , Forensic Dentistry/education , Forensic Dentistry/methods , Professional Competence/standards , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dental Research/methods
3.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 22(5): 25-29, Sept.-Oct. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-891096

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The low prevalence of gingival recessions observed in orthodontic clinical practice may be assigned to the fact that in studies in which dehiscences and bone fenestrations are described as frequent, they were diagnosed based on: 1) dry skull studies; 2) areas with periosteal reflection together with flap; and 3) imaging techniques with low sensitivity to detect these defects, which have a delicate structure and function. In areas of pseudo-dehiscences and fenestrations, the periosteum and the alveolar cortical bone are very thin; also, they either have been removed during preparation of the dry specimens in the areas for analysis, or, alternatively, have not been investigated using an ideal imaging method.


RESUMO A ausência de prevalência elevada das recessões gengivais relacionadas à prática clínica ortodôntica se explica, provavelmente, porque, nos trabalhos em que as deiscências e fenestrações ósseas são descritas como frequentes, essas foram diagnosticadas a partir de: 1) estudos em crânios secos; 2) áreas com rebatimento periosteal junto com o retalho; e 3) uso de métodos imagiológicos que falham em sensibilidade para captá-las, pela sua delicadeza estrutural e funcional. Nessas áreas de pseudodeiscências e fenestrações, existe periósteo e cortical óssea alveolar muito fina, que foram eliminados nos procedimentos de preparação dos espécimes secos, nas áreas para a análise ou, então, não se aplicou um método imagiológico ideal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Alveolar Bone Loss/pathology , Alveolar Bone Loss/diagnostic imaging , Dental Research/methods , Alveolar Process/pathology , Alveolar Process/diagnostic imaging , Orthodontics , Periosteum/pathology , Periosteum/diagnostic imaging , Diagnostic Errors/prevention & control , Gingival Recession
4.
Rev. Asoc. Odontol. Argent ; 105(1): 1-2, mar. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869385

ABSTRACT

A pesar de las permanentes controversias entre diferentes sectores de la sociedad, el uso de animales para la investigación científica en todas las áreas de las ciencias médicas ha venido aportando verdaderos beneficios para la conservación de la salud y la prolongación de la vida del ser humano. La toma de conciencia acerca del respeto y el tratamiento ético del animal por parte de la comunidad científica ha estimulado a los investigadores a utilizar modelos animales que, para determinados procedimientos experimentales, no requieran ser sacrificados, o bien desarrollar modelos experimentales en animales de faena.


Although there is a long-term controversy between differentmembers of the society, the use of animal models forscientific research in all areas of the medical sciences, hasdemonstrated their importance for health preservation andprolongation of the human life. In order to comply a numberof ethic standards for the management of the experimentalanimals, the researchers are now looking for a model thateliminates the need for animal euthanatization after somespecific experimental procedures. In other cases, they canalso use of animals which are currently employed by the industryfor human alimentation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dentistry , Dental Research/methods , Ethics, Dental
6.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-159594

ABSTRACT

Dental professionals review articles in scientific dental journals to be informed about progress in the field and to remain up to date in the dental literature. As a general rule, knowing the basic statistical concepts such as study design, hypothesis testing, confidence interval, significance level, effect size, and sample size and power can help readers to better understand the whole concept of an article. Reviews of statistical methodology in published papers of well-established dental journals concluded that the majority of the papers contained statistical errors. Inappropriate use of statistical methods may lead to incorrect conclusions and a waste of valuable resources. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview on some implications of the statistical concepts and recommendations for avoiding statistical errors in dental research.


Subject(s)
Analysis of Variance/methods , Confidence Intervals , Dental Research/methods , Dental Research/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Research Design
8.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-777209

ABSTRACT

The practice of assessing must ensure that the outcome of the process be a reflection of the learning achieved by students. The aim of this study was to describe the essential attributes of the praxis teacher in the area of Endodontics Learning Evaluation, in the School of Dentistry at the Universidad de Concepción, Chile. This study is designed to diagnose the reliability and objectivity of assessing the learning process, as a framework for innovation, and with a focus on evaluating endodontics skills. This hermeneutic study has a qualitative methodology. It was based on in-depth semi-structured interviews applied to 14 students and 5 teachers, and two focus groups consisting of eight students each. When the study was conducted, the research findings indicated that the evaluation process was not objective and lacked established criteria, and especially a guide to determining the skills. The theoretical evaluation was only summative. The formative role was not formally established. The subjects answered mostly psychometric instruments by multiple choice and with short or extended answers. It was concluded that teacher practice held meaning only if it was backed by academic expertise in the area of endodontics, according to no clear criteria or validated instruments. On the other hand, the groundwork was in place for using an epistemological style in endodontics. This provided a basis for the actual improvements, and allowed the tools developed to be dialectically interconnected with teacher experience. A quantitative analysis was not considered, but could be supplemented later to enhance the data analysis in a future study.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Dental Research/methods , Education, Dental/methods , Endodontics/education , Universities , Chile , Faculty, Dental , Program Evaluation , Students, Dental , Surveys and Questionnaires , Teaching/methods
10.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-154622

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Research is important in medical and dental sciences to improve healthcare. Faculties play an important role in research productivity and student motivation in research. Aim: The aim of this paper was to assess the attitude and experiences of dental post‑graduate teachers toward article writing and reading and to discuss the barriers faced by them. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 dental post‑graduate teachers from various Dental Colleges in South India participated as the study group. A questionnaire relating to publishing practices was distributed, and the results were analyzed. Result: Majority of the study group (82%) were involved in the publication with many (48.4%) doing so for career progression. Journal prestige was the main reason for selection of journals. Lack of time was the main reason for those not involved in the publication. Conclusion: This study revealed the positive attitude of teachers toward scientific reading and writing. They only require motivation and time.


Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dental Research/methods , Education, Dental , Journalism, Dental/trends
13.
Arq. odontol ; 48(3): 188-199, Jul.-Sep. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-698369

ABSTRACT

ciência baseada em evidência utiliza modelos de estudos epidemiológicos com a finalidade de aplicar o conhecimento científico nas decisões em saúde. O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever e discutir a OdontologiaBaseada em Evidência (OBE) e metodologia das revisões sistemáticas, destacando as etapas para a suarealização, como a formulação de estratégias de busca, definição de critérios de inclusão e exclusão, extração, análise e síntese dos dados, incluindo a meta-análise. A OBE é compreendida como uma abordagem para o serviço de saúde odontológico que requer integração da evidência científica com a experiência do profissional e as necessidades da população. Como contribuição, a OBE introduziu métodos que geram evidência de qualidade, ferramentas estatísticas utilizadas para sintetizar e analisar a evidência (revisões sistemáticas emeta-análise) e modos de acessar (bancos de dados eletrônicos) e aplicar a evidência (decisões em saúdebaseadas em evidências). Por fim, a abordagem baseada em evidência permite avaliar o conhecimento científicopor sua validade, impacto e aplicabilidade, eliminando a lacuna entre pesquisa e realidade dos serviços desaúde. É necessário que esforços continuem sendo empregados no sentido de estimular avanços qualitativosna pesquisa epidemiológica, fazendo com que a OBE alcance cada vez mais seu espaço concreto nos processosde planejamento e execução das ações em saúde.


Subject(s)
Evidence-Based Dentistry/methods , Dental Research/methods , Epidemiologic Methods , Evidence-Based Practice/methods
15.
Braz. dent. j ; 21(4): 332-336, 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-562095

ABSTRACT

This study ascertained whether under dental erosion models that closely mimics the real-life situation enamel and root dentin from bovine origin would be reliable substitutes for human counterparts. Through a 2x2 crossover design, in a first trial, 14 volunteers wore a palatal device containing slabs of bovine and human enamel. Half of the participants ingested (4x daily, for 10 days) orange juice first, crossing over to mineral water, while the remainder received the reverse sequence. In a second trial, volunteers wore devices with slabs of bovine and human root dentin. Except for the duration of each intraoral phase, which lasted 2 rather 10 days, the experiment with root dentin run exactly as for enamel. Dental substrates were analyzed for surface microhardness. Two-way ANOVAs (α=0.05) indicated no difference between the microhardness values recorded for human and bovine enamel (p=0.1350), but bovine root dentin had lower microhardness compared to its human counterpart (p=0.0432). While bovine enamel can reliably substitute its human counterpart in in situ dental erosion models, bovine root dentin does not seem to be a viable alternative to the corresponding human tissue.


Este estudo visou avaliar, sob um modelo de erosão dental que se aproxima da realidade clínica, se o esmalte e a dentina radicular bovinos seriam substitutos viáveis aos correspondentes substratos de origem humana. De acordo com um delineamento crossover 2x2, 14 voluntários utilizaram dispositivos palatinos contendo fragmentos de esmalte humano e bovino. Metade dos participantes ingeriu suco de laranja (4x/dia, por 10 dias) e, a seguir, alternou para a ingestão de água mineral, enquanto os demais voluntários receberam a seqüência reversa. Em um segundo experimento, os sujeitos da pesquisa fizeram uso do dispositivo palatino contendo fragmentos de dentina radicular bovina e humana. Exceto pela duração de cada uma das duas fases experimentais (2 ao invés de 10 dias), utilizou-se o mesmo protocolo empregado no estudo em que se comparou o esmalte. Os substratos dentais foram avaliados quanto a sua microdureza superficial. ANOVAs a dois critérios (α=0,05) não indicaram diferença entre os valores de microdureza observados para o esmalte humano e bovino (p=0,1350), porém a dentina radicular apresentou microdureza inferior à humana (p=0,0432). Enquanto o esmalte bovino é um substituto fidedigno do substrato humano em modelos in situ de erosão dental, a dentina radicular bovina não parece ser uma alternativa viável ao tecido humano correspondente.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Cattle , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Disease Models, Animal , Dental Enamel/pathology , Dental Research/methods , Dentin/pathology , Tooth Erosion/physiopathology , Analysis of Variance , Cross-Over Studies , Hardness , Tooth, Artificial , Tooth Erosion/pathology , Young Adult
17.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 8(1): 127-132, jan.-jun. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-521958

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Os tratamentos reabilitadores modernos das últimas décadas fazem com que a obtenção de dentes humanos torne-se extremamente difícil apesar do aumento na demanda. Devido a esta grande dificuldade de se obter dentes extraídos humanos, tanto para pesquisas odontológicas quanto para estudos de alunos de graduação, faz com que seja necessário se obter um substituto com as mesmas características físicas. Como os dentes de mamíferos são parecidos, pesquisadores têm utilizado dentes oriundos de bovinos, ovinos, eqüinos ou suínos para conseguir quantidade de material suficiente e padronizado para seus estudos. Os dentes humanos são morfológica e histologicamente semelhantes aos dentes de outros mamíferos, entretanto o tamanho e a disponibilidade fazem dos incisivos bovinos uma preferência para as pesquisas odontológicas. Objetivo: Investigar os estudos já realizados nas diversas especialidades odontológicas onde, diante da real e atual dificuldade na obtenção de dentes humanos para pesquisa, estes foram substituídos por dentes bovinos. Conclusão: Os incisivos mandibulares permanentes de bovinos apresentam similaridades anatômica e histológica, mostrando-se como excelentes substitutos para os dentes humanos na pesquisa odontológica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cattle , Animal Experimentation , Clinical Trial , Preventive Dentistry , Dental Research/methods
19.
Rev. ABENO ; 7(2): 130-134, maio-ago. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-519019

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo consiste numa reflexão acercados modos de produção do conhecimento em odontologiae seus reflexos na formação profissional, apontandoa necessidade de uma revisão e, por conseguinte,de um novo caminho para tal. Argumenta a favorda pesquisa qualitativa como um caminho para superaras limitações impostas pelo modelo hegemônicodo paradigma quantitativo. A partir de um levantamentoem bases de dados, verificou-se que o númerode pesquisas qualitativas na odontologia ainda é muitopequeno, embora sejam ricas em diversidade.Aponta a importância de uma reformulação no modelode produção do conhecimento em odontologia,até mesmo para dar atendimento às Diretrizes CurricularesNacionais que requerem novos enfoques metodológicose estruturas conceituais. Além disso, destacaque nos é requerido, como profissionais da áreada saúde, produzir conhecimento e não simplesmenteincorporá-lo e consumi-lo.


Subject(s)
Education, Dental , Knowledge , Dental Research/methods , Qualitative Research
20.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 12(3): 789-797, maio-jun. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-449489

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho consiste na proposta de utilização, em Odontologia, de uma abordagem metodológica usada em pesquisas qualitativas, denominada Grounded Theory, quando se objetiva compreender fenômenos ou se pretende descrevê-los de acordo com o ponto de vista do sujeito. Pesquisas em saúde, utilizando abordagens qualitativas, estão sendo, cada vez mais, empregadas entre pesquisadores e, na Odontologia, esta abordagem metodológica proposta torna-se fundamental, no sentido de propiciar a exploração de assuntos ainda pouco trabalhados nesta perspectiva metodológica, possibilitando que as pesquisas adquiriram contribuições originais e, assim, ampliando nosso conhecimento. São apresentadas as etapas a serem seguidas nesta abordagem, elucidando-as com alguns exemplos de parte de entrevistas realizadas numa pesquisa que teve como objetivos: compreender a experiência do idoso com a saúde bucal ao longo da vida e desenvolver e validar um modelo teórico representativo dessa experiência.


This study proposes the use of a methodological approach in Dentistry that is also deployed in qualitative research: Grounded theory. The proposal is to use it whenever the intention is to understand phenomena or describe them from a subjective standpoint. Researchers are using the qualitative approach more and more often in health studies, and, in Dentistry, a methodological approach such as this has become essential in order to explore subjects that have not yet been addressed through this methodological approach, endowing studies with original contributions and improving knowledge. The steps to be followed are presented and illustrated by some examples drawn from interviews conducted during a study aimed at understanding the experience of older persons with regard to oral health during their life spans, in parallel to the development and validation of a theoretical model that is representative of such experience.


Subject(s)
Dental Research/methods , Oral Health , Symbolism , Models, Theoretical , Qualitative Research
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