Skin Carvings: Predictive Diagnosis in Modern Era.

The science and art of markings of the skin especially hands and feet’s is known as dermatoglyphics, where derma means skin and glyph mean carving. For centuries, the features of the hands have fascinated scholars, sages, theologians, doctors, and layman alike. In 1926 Cummins introduced the term “dermatoglyphics.” “Samudra Shastra” was known as ridge pattern study in ancient India. The epidermal ridge patterns were classified into “Chakra, Shankya, and Padma” which corresponds with the whorl, loop, and arch system of modern classification. All individuals have unique fingerprints which remain unchanged over the lifetime. Multiple genes determine fingerprint configurations and the study of fingerprints reveal vital genetic and medical information about an individual. Dermatoglyphics is considered as the window of congenital abnormalities and is a sensitive indicator of intrauterine anomalies. For preliminary investigations in conditions with a suspected genetic basis dermatoglyphic analysis is now beginning to prove itself as an extremely useful tool. In dentistry, various studies have been published on the dermatoglyphics. Here in this present review, the dermatoglyphic patterns of the palms and soles, the methods to record the palm and sole prints and various studies conducted among the dental disorders has been highlighted.

Ameloglyphic, Dermatoglyphic, Sweat Pore Analysis of Hidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia: A Rare Case Report.

Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by the triad of features such as nail dystrophy, generalized hypotrichosis, and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Physical development and life expectancy are not affected. Dermatoglyphics and ameloglyphics have been considered as casement of congenital abnormalities and other conditions. Young adults and children with hidrotic ED need to be evaluated early by a dentist to determine the oral outcome. Stipulated, appropriate care needs to be provided throughout the child’s growth to maintain oral function. According to this study ameloglyphics was found to be beneficial over dermatoglyphics in timely diagnosis and treatment planning.

Digital dermatoglyphis in ABO, Rh blood groups.

Dermatoglyphics, the study of fingerprints are constant and individualistic. The ridge pattern depends upon cornified layer of epidermis as well as dermal papillae. This study was conducted to correlate between digital dermatoglyphics patterns in ABO, Rh blood groups and evaluates their significance. A total of 200 first year MBBS students with known blood groups from 2004 and 2005 batch of IGGMC, Nagpur were included in the study. Fingerprints were obtained by printing method. Parameters studied were arches, whorls, loops. It was concluded that, whorls were highest in B blood group and the difference was significant with O blood group. Loops were highest in O blood group and were significant with A, B, AB blood groups. Arches were highest in AB blood group and were statistically significant with B and O blood groups. Arches were higher in Rh negative blood group differing statistically with Rh positive blood group.

Finger print pattern in different blood groups.

Dermatoglyphics is study of pattern of fine ridges on fingers, palms and soles. The term dermatoglyphics was coined by Cummins. The type of finger print is unique and is based on genetic characters of each individual. They develop between 2nd and 3rd months of intra uterine life and remain unchanged in an individual through out life. Finger prints are regarded as the most reliable tool for personal identification. Due to their immence potential particularly in forensic medicine, the study of finger print pattern was carried out in relation to various ABO blood groups. The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, NRI medical college, Chinakakani, Guntur. 506 students of known blood group were selected for the study. The finger prints were collected, studied and analyzed statistically. Thumbs presented high frequency of whorls in A+ves. Index and ring fingers were associated with high frequency of whorls in A-ves and AB+ves.