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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 72(2): 107-113, 02/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-702556

ABSTRACT

Cervical dystonia (CD) affects the musculature of the neck in a focal way or associated to other parts of the body. The aim of this study was to identify clinical differences between patients with dystonia patients without family history and with family history (sporadic). Eighty-eight patients with CD were recruited in a Movement Disorders Clinic between June of 2008 and June of 2009. Only patients with no etiological diagnosis were accepted for analysis. The age of onset of symptoms was later in patients with focal and segmental dystonia than in patients with generalized dystonia (p<0.001). The severity of symptoms was higher in patients with sporadic dystonia than in familial patients (p<0.01). Generalized cases were more severe in patients with a family history (p<0.01). Sporadic patients had higher levels of pain than familial cases (p<0.05). We expect soon to present the results of genetic analyzes of these patients.


A distonia cervical (CD) afeta a musculatura do pescoço de modo focal ou em combinação com outras partes do corpo. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar diferenças clínicas entre pacientes com distonia com história familiar e pacientes sem história familiar (esporádicos). Foram selecionados 88 pacientes com DC no Setor de Distúrbios do Movimento entre julho de 2008 e junho de 2009. Somente os pacientes sem diagnóstico etiológico foram admitidos para análise. A idade de início dos sintomas foi mais tardia em pacientes com distonia focal e segmentar do que em pacientes com distonia generalizada (p<0,001). A gravidade dos sintomas foi maior em pacientes com distonia focal esporádicos do que naqueles com história familiar (p<0,01). Os casos generalizados foram mais graves nos pacientes com história familiar (p<0,01). Pacientes esporádicos tiveram níveis maiores de dor em relação aos casos familiares (p<0,05). Esperamos apresentar em breve resultados de análises genéticas desses pacientes.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Dystonia/diagnosis , Dystonic Disorders/diagnosis , Neck Muscles , Age of Onset , Dystonia/classification , Dystonia/complications , Dystonia/genetics , Dystonic Disorders/classification , Dystonic Disorders/complications , Dystonic Disorders/genetics , Family Health , Pain Measurement , Severity of Illness Index , Tremor/etiology
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 70(4): 271-272, Apr. 2012.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-622597

ABSTRACT

Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PD) are thought to be rare movement disorders. The overwhelming majority of reported cases are primary. Secondary PD has seen reported to occur in some conditions, mainly in multiple sclerosis and head trauma. The anatomic origin of the lesion is also rarely seen at the spinal cord. Our objective was to describe four patients with paroxysmal dystonia secondary to spinal lesions during the recovering phase of a neuromyelitis optica (NMO) bout. In the reviewed literature, we do not find any report of PD related to NMO.


Discinesias paroxísticas (DP) são distúrbios do movimento raros. A maioria dos casos relatados é de origem primária. DP secundárias têm sido relatadas em algumas condições, principalmente na esclerose múltipla e no trauma craniano. A origem anatômica da lesão também é raramente observada na medula. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever quatro pacientes com distonia paroxística secundária a lesões medulares, ocorrida durante a fase de recuperação do surto de neuromielite óptica (NMO). Na literatura consultada, não encontramos qualquer relato de DP secundárias à NMO.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Dystonia/complications , Neuromyelitis Optica/complications , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Carbamazepine/therapeutic use , Dystonia/diagnosis , Dystonia/drug therapy
3.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 180-184, 2010.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-176235

ABSTRACT

We describe a Korean family presenting with pediatric-onset, progressive, generalized dystonia with bilateral striatal necrosis and the homoplasmic G14459A mutation in the mitochondrial ND6 gene. The G14459A mutation has been reported in families presenting with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) alone, LHON plus dystonia, or pediatric-onset dystonia. The proband had shown dysarthria, progressive generalized dystonia, and spasticity at 5 yr. Brain MRI demonstrated bilateral striatal necrosis. Additional investigation of family members revealed the presence of homoplasmic G14459A mutation in asymptomatic individuals. The clinical manifestation of the homoplasmic G14459A mtDNA mutation within the same family showed asymptomatic or pediatric-onset dystonia, without optic neuropathy. This study reemphasizes that the G14459A mutation is a candidate mutation for maternally inherited dystonia, regardless of optic neuropathy, and supports the hypothesis that nuclear genes may play a role in modifying the clinical expression of mitochondrial disease.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Asian People/genetics , Base Sequence , Brain/pathology , Dystonia/complications , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mitochondrial Diseases/complications , NADH Dehydrogenase/genetics , Necrosis , Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber/genetics , Pedigree , Point Mutation , Republic of Korea
4.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 72(3): 425-427, maio-jun. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-436299

ABSTRACT

Distonia laríngea, ou disfonia espasmódica, é caracterizada por contrações involuntárias e inapropriadas da musculatura responsável pela fonação, sendo a do tipo adutora a mais comum. Caracteriza-se por quebras fonatórias, sendo seu diagnóstico confirmado por videolaringoestroboscopia. O tratamento de escolha é feito com a aplicação direta de toxina botulínica nos músculos responsáveis pelo movimento incoordenado. O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar o caso de uma paciente com diagnóstico de distonia laríngea do tipo adutora, tratada com toxina botulínica e discutir as vantagens e observações descritas na literatura a respeito desse tratamento.


Laryngeal dystonia or spasmodic dysphonia is characterized by involuntary and innapropiate spasms of vocal muscles, having the adductor type as the most common one. It is chacterized by strain-strangled voice with pitch breaks. Diagnosis is made by means of videolaryngostroboscopic exam. The treatment of choice is done with botulinum toxin directly injected in the muscles responsible for the mismatched movement. The aim of this study is to report on an adductor- type dysphonia patient and to discuss the advantages and observations about this treatment reported in the literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Dystonia/complications , Voice Disorders/etiology , Laryngeal Muscles/drug effects , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Dystonia/diagnosis , Dystonia/drug therapy , Voice Disorders/diagnosis , Voice Disorders/drug therapy , Treatment Outcome
5.
Neurol India ; 2004 Jun; 52(2): 200-2
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-120503

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: No Indian studies have focused on the clinical aspects of tremor. AIMS: To study the distribution of various etiological types of tremor disorders at a Movement Disorders clinic of a large, tertiary care hospital in India and to study the clinical characteristics of essential tremor [ET]. SETTING AND DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study at a tertiary care specialty clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients presenting with tremor as the chief complaint, with no features suggestive of parkinsonism, cerebellar disorder or acute central nervous system disorder, were included. Patients were classified into different etiological categories from detailed history. All patients diagnosed as ET, were further interrogated for a detailed family history and examined for characteristics of tremor. These patients were then classified into 'definite', 'probable' and 'possible' ET. RESULTS: One hundred and six patients (mean age 44.4 + 15.1 years) were examined during the study period. ET (59.4%) and dystonic tremor (21.7%) were the commonest types. Only 43% patients of ET reported progression; response to alcohol was seen in only a single patient, a positive family history was present in 52.4% and in 36.4% the inheritance was of an autosomal dominant pattern. CONCLUSION: ET and dystonic tremor are the commonest causes of tremor presenting to a specialty Movement Disorders clinic. Most patients with ET have high-frequency tremor, with mild asymmetry in 40% cases. Alcohol responsiveness may not be a useful tool in the diagnosis of ET.


Subject(s)
Adult , Ambulatory Care Facilities , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dystonia/complications , Essential Tremor/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Movement Disorders , Prospective Studies , Tremor/epidemiology
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 57(4): 1017-23, dez. 1999. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-249304

ABSTRACT

We present a boy of eight years of age with symptoms of Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) characterised by ophthalmoparesis, palpebral ptosis, mitochondrial myopathy, pigmentous retinitis, associated to short stature, cerebellar signs, cardiac blockade, diabetes melitus, elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration, and focal hand and foot dystonia. The skeletal muscle biopsy demonstrated ragged red fibers, cytochrome C oxidase-negative and succinate dehydrogenase-positive fibers. The magnetic resonance imaging showed symmetrical signal alteration in tegmentum of brain stem, pallidum and thalamus. Mitochondrial DNA analysis from skeletal muscle showed a deletion in heteroplasmic condition. The association of dystonia to KSS, confirmed by molecular analysis, is first described in this case, and the importance of oxidative phosphorylation defects in the physiopathogenesis of this type of movement disorder is stressed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Aged , Dystonia/etiology , Kearns-Sayre Syndrome/genetics , DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Dystonia/complications , Dystonia/physiopathology , Gene Deletion , Kearns-Sayre Syndrome/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
7.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 57(3A): 683-5, set. 1999.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-242277

ABSTRACT

We report the case of a 49-year-old woman who has the rare combination of myasthemia gravis and cervical dystomia. She was treated with botulinum toxin type A with good response and no evidence of deterioration of the myasthenic symptoms. We therefore conclude that it is possible to use botulinum toxin in the presence of defective neuromuscular transmission.


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Female , Humans , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Dystonia/complications , Dystonia/drug therapy , Myasthenia Gravis/complications , Myasthenia Gravis/drug therapy , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Cervical Vertebrae/pathology , Treatment Outcome
9.
Arch. neurociencias ; 2(2): 78-85, abr.-jun. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-227180

ABSTRACT

El temblor esencial (TE) es el más común de los desórdenes del movimiento, afectado a cerca del 5 por ciento de las personas mayores de 40 años. Se le considera un trastorno genético transmitido en forma autosómico-dominante con fenómeno de anticipación, describiéndose también formas esporádicas. Debido a que tradicionalmente se le señala como un trastorno benigno y monosintomático, es poco diagnosticado lo cual priva a los afectados de los beneficios de una terapia oportuna. Estudios recientes han mostrado que un 15 por ciento de los pacientes con TE se jubilan tempranamente debido al temblor y hasta un 5 por ciento de los afectados se ven tan incapacitados que dependen en gran medida de sus familiares para sus actividades cotidianas. La relación del temblor con otros desórdenes del movimiento como las distonías y la enfermedad de Parkinson es controversial aceptándose actualmente que solo un porcentaje pequeño de los pacientes con TE desarrollarán dichos padecimientos ya que los estudios que señalaron al temblor como un importante antecedente para las distonias y el Parkinson, no contaron con criterios clínicos adecuados. El tratamiento del TE está basado en el grado de afectación, aconsejándose una terapia a largo plazo sólo en los sujetos en que el temblor interfiera notoriamente en actividades diarias. Los medicamentos más utilizados son el propanolol y la primodina. La cirugía estereotáctica se ha empleado con éxito en sujetos con temblores incapacitantes con nula respuesta a la medicación. En esta revisión se hace hincapié en los criterios diagnósticos, tratamiento y relación del TE con otros trastornos del movimiento


Subject(s)
Humans , Dystonia/complications , Dystonia/congenital , Tremor/classification , Tremor/diagnosis , Tremor/genetics , Tremor/therapy
10.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 52(4): 466-70, dez. 1994. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-150511

ABSTRACT

A presença de tremor e distonia de torçäo no mesmo paciente é frequente mas näo há explicaçäo satisfatória para isso. Suspeita-se que haja uma associaçäo da distonia idiopática (DI) com o tremor essencial (TE). O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a frequência de tremor postural das mäos em pacientes com DI e distonia sintomática (DS). Foram estudados os prontuários de 185 pacientes com o diagnóstico sindrômico de distonia atendidos no Setor de Investigaçäo em Moléstias Extrapiramidais da Escola Paulista de Medicina. DI foi diagnosticada quando näo havia anormalidade no exame neurológico além da distonia e havia exames laboratóriais e de neuroimagem, relacionados à distonia, normais e história pregressa negativa para fatores causais de distonia. Foram analisadas as caracteristicas clínicas da distonia e a presença de tremor postural nas mäos. Havia 185 pacientes, 120 com DI e 65 com DS. Tremor postural das mäos ocorreu em 27 (22,5 por cento) DI e 14(21,5 por cento) das DS. Tremor esteve presente nos quadros focais, segmentares e generalizados e também nos diversos tipos clínicos de DI e DS em proporçöes semelhantes. História familiar de TE estava ausente em todos os casos com tremor. A presença de tremor postural das mäos em pacientes com DI e DS pode sugerir que a desorganizaçäo fisipatológica que produz a distonia pode favorecer o aparecimento do tremor


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Dystonia/complications , Dystonia/diagnosis , Tremor/complications
11.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 50(1): 120-2, mar. 1992.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-121679

ABSTRACT

A mäo talâmica é um dos sinais clínicos na síndrome talâmica. Neste estudo é relatado o caso de uma paciente com síndrome de dor central (supratalamica) pos-ictal que apresenta também mäo talâmica. Os autores enfatizam a noçäo de que na síndrome de dor central pos-ictal, uma lesäo talâmica direta ou indireta (infra ou supratalâmica) é elemento fundamental para a gênese da dor central


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Cerebrovascular Disorders/complications , Pain/etiology , Thalamus/injuries , Dystonia/complications , Monoamine Oxidase/physiopathology
12.
Acta AWHO ; 10(2): 86, 89-95, mai.-ago. 1991.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-103042

ABSTRACT

A disfonia espástica é uma desordem vocal devastadora, caracterizada por uma fonaçäo tenso-estrangulada, altamente resistente aos diversos tipos de tratamento, tendo sido considerada uma desordem psicogênica ou induzida por estresse; mais recentemente foi sugerida uma causa orgânica, isto é, uma desordem neuromuscular causando uma distonia laríngea. Por esta razäo tem recebido o nome de distonia focal laríngea. No presente artigo apresentamos a evoluçäo do conceito de disfonia espástica, desde a primeira descriçäo como uma desordem vocal de conversäo até os últimos dados das sofisticadas avaliaçöes neurológicas. Apesar de todo o conhecimento disponível, esta desordem ainda representa um desafio para a ciência dos Distúrbios da Comunicaçäo Humana


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Voice Disorders/history , Laryngeal Diseases/complications , Dystonia/complications , Voice Disorders/etiology
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