La electrólisis percutánea intratisular: una revisión sistemática / Percutaneous intratissue electrolysis: a systematic review

La electrólisis percutánea intratisular es un procedimiento terapéutico tecnológico mínimamente invasivo para el tratamiento de lesiones en el sistema musculoesquelético mediante inflamación controlada y fagocitosis para recuperar el tejido afectado. Acerca de esta, se realizó un análisis de la producción científica publicada de 2014 a 2021. El estudio se realizó por medio de una revi-sión bibliográfica sistémica siguiendo la metodología PRISMA, que incluyó el uso de fuentes de información en las bases científicas: PubMed, SciencieDirect, EuropePMC, ResearchGate, Sage Journal, Thiem Connect y PHysiotherapy evidence database (PEdro). Previamente al procesa-miento de los datos, los documentos encontrados fueron sometidos diversos criterios de selec-ción. Los investigadores concluyeron que la electrólisis percutánea intratisular resulta un trata-miento efectivo para el tratamiento de tendinopatías crónicas, cuando se realiza combinado con un programa de ejercicios enfocado en la progresión de las cargas.

This work presents an analysis of the scientific production developed between 2014 and 2021 on percutaneous intratissue electrolysis. The objective is to analyze the bibliograpHy on the diffe-rent EPI interventions. The study was carried out through a systemic review following a methodological process according to PRISMA using various sources for the collection of information, such as: Pubmed, Scienciedirect, Europe PMC, Hindawi, Cochrane, Sage Journal, Thiem Connect, Pedro, Puerta Of the investigation. Selection and quality criteria were applied to these documents, with a subsequent analysis using qualitative techniques. In conclusion, intratissue percutaneous electrolysis turns out to be a favorable tool in the treatment of chronic tendinopathies as long as it is combined with an exercise program focused on load progression.

The relationship between methane production metabolic flux and microorganisms in a microbial electrolytic cell coupled anaerobic digestion / 生物工程学报

In this study, voltage was used as a disturbance factor to investigate the relationship between microbial community and methane (CH4) production flux in a microbial electrolytic cell coupled anaerobic digestion (MEC-AD). Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) was used to explore the relationship between the CH4 metabolic flux produced and the microbes. The results showed that both methane production flux and hydrogen production flux changed significantly upon voltage disturbance, while the voltage disturbance had little effect on acetic acid production flux. The maximum CH4 production flux under 0.6 V disturbance was 0.522±0.051, which increased by 77% and 32%, respectively, compared with that of the control group under 1.0 V (0.295±0.013) and under 1.4 V (0.395±0.029). In addition, an average of 15.7%±2.9% of H2 (flux) was used to reduce CO2 to produce CH4 and acetic acid, and an average of 27.7%±6.9% of acetic acid (flux) was converted to CH4. Moreover, the abundance of Lachnospiraceae significantly affected the flux of acetic acid. The flux of CH4 production is positively correlated with the abundances of Petrimonas, Syntrophomonas, Blvii28, and Acinetobacter, and negatively correlated with the abundances of Tuzzerella and Sphaerochaeta. The species that affected the flux of H2 and CH4 were similar, mostly belonging to Bacteroides, Clostridium, Pseudomonas and Firmicutes. Furthermore, the interspecies interaction is also an important factor affecting the MEC-AD methanogenesis flux.

Electrólisis percutánea intratisular en el tratamiento del dolor / Percutaneous intratissue electrolysis in pain management

En los estudios de los últimos años, se ha propuesto el uso de una novedosa terapia denominada electrólisis percutánea intratisular (EPI), para el tratamiento del dolor en diversas enfermedades. La electrólisis percutánea guiada por ultrasonido, implica la transferencia de corriente galvánica dentro del tejido objetivo del tratamiento (fibrosis) a través de una aguja de 0,30 a 0,33 mm de diámetro. La corriente galvánica, en una solución salina, desarrolla instantáneamente el proceso de electrólisis, que a su vez induce la ablación electroquímica de la fibrosis. La aplicación de breves corrientes galvánicas en una estructura dañada, produce una respuesta inflamatoria local controlada, con la consiguiente mejora de la curación tisular y reducción del dolor(AU)

Nivel de satisfacción sobre la seguridad y complicaciones a cuatro años de la introducción de la técnica Microelectrólisis Percutánea (MEP®) Sport como práctica fisioterapéutica / Vigilância em segurança e complicações quatro anos após a introdução da técnica Microeletrólise Percutânea (MEP®) Sport como prática fisioterapêutica / Surveillance on safety and complications four years after the introduction of Percutaneous Microelectrolisis (MEP®) Sport technique as a physical therapy practice

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar la experiencia de los fisioterapeutas formados en microeletrólisis percutánea sport y conocer la cantidad de aplicaciones realizadas semanalmente, los efectos adversos presentados y el nivel de satisfacción de los terapeutas con sus pacientes. Se realizó una encuesta que evaluó la opinión y la experiencia de profesionales certificados en microelectrolisis percutánea sport. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de la plataforma virtual SurveyMonkey, enviando por correo electrónico una invitación a 1.096 fisioterapeutas de América Latina. Respondieron el cuestionario 315 profesionales, entre los cuales 165 (56,51%) atienden de uno a cinco pacientes por semana. Las respuestas sobre efectos adversos fueron: nunca he tenido complicaciones (56,79% - 159 respuestas); choque hipotensivo (19,64% - 55 respuestas.); alergia al metal (5,36% - 15 respuestas). Los sitios/patologías a que más se aplican la microelectrolisis percutánea sport son: tendón rotuliano (10,77% - 198 respuestas.); tendón de aquiles (9,58% - 176 respuestas); tendón supraespino (9,36% - 172 respuestas.); fascitis plantar/espolón calcáneo (8,05% - 148 respuestas.); y puntos-gatillo (7,18% - 132 respuestas.). La satisfacción de los profesionales fue: satisfecho (51,87% - 152 respuestas) y muy satisfecho (40,96% - 120 respuestas). Las respuestas de los pacientes fueron: satisfecho (61,90% - 182 respuestas) y muy satisfecho (29,93% - 88 respuestas). La técnica MEP se aplica principalmente en tendinopatías y produce resultados satisfactorios y muy satisfactorios tanto para los pacientes como para los terapeutas, con baja presencia de efectos adversos.

RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho é pesquisar sobre a experiência dos fisioterapeutas formados em MEP Sport, conhecer a quantidade de aplicações realizadas semanalmente, os efeitos adversos que tenham sido apresentados e o nível de satisfação dos terapeutas com seus pacientes. Realizou-se uma enquete de perguntas mistas que avaliam a opinião e experiência de profissionais certificados em MEP Sport. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da plataforma virtual SurveyMonkey, enviando por correio eletrônico um convite a 1.096 fisioterapeutas da América Latina. Responderam 315 profissionais, destes, 165 (56,51%) atendem de um a cinco pacientes por semana. As respostas sobre efeitos adversos foram: nunca tive complicações (56,79% - 159 respostas); choque hipotensivo (19,64% - 55 respostas.); alergia ao metal (5,36% - 15 respostas). Os locais/patologias em que mais se aplicam MEP são: T. rotuliano (10,77% - 198 respostas.); T. Aquiles (9,58% - 176 respostas.); T. supraespinhoso (9,36% - 172 respostas.); fascite plantar/esporão calcâneo (8,05% - 148 respostas.); e pontos gatilhos (7,18% - 132 respostas.). A satisfação dos profissionais foi: satisfeito (51,87%, 152 respostas.) e muito satisfeito (40,96%, 120 respostas). As respostas dos pacientes foram: satisfeito (61,90%, 182 respostas.) e muito satisfeito (29,93%, 88 respostas). A técnica MEP é aplicada principalmente em tendinopatías e produz resultados satisfatórios e muito satisfatórios tanto para os pacientes quanto para os terapeutas, com baixa presença de efeitos adversos.

ABSTRACT This work aims to recollect information about the experience of physical therapists trained in MEP Sport, to know how many treatments they did per week, the adverse effects that might have appeared and the patients and therapists' satisfaction. A mixed multiple choice survey with the option of choosing one or more alternatives to assess the opinion and experience of physical therapists trained in MEP Sport was carried out. SurveyMonkey was used for data collection. The invitations were sent by email to 1.096 physical therapists of Latin America. The survey was answered by 315 professionals, of whom 165 (56,51%) treat 1 to 5 patients per week. The answers about adverse effects were: I've never had adverse effects: 159 answers (56,79%), Hypotensive shock: 55 answers (19,64%), Allergy to metal 15 answers (5,36%). The most common areas/conditions where the MEP is applied are: Patellar tendon (10,77% - 198 answ.), Achilles tendon, (9,58% - 176 answ.), Supraspinatus tendon (9,36% - 172 answ.), Plantar fasciitis/Calcaneal spurs (8,05% - 148 answ.), Trigger points (7,18% - 132 answ.). The professionals' satisfaction was: Satisfied (51,87%, 152 answ.) and Very Satisfied (40,96%, 120 answ.). Patients' satisfaction was: Satisfied (61,90%, 182 answ.) and Very satisfied (29,93%, 88 answ.). MEP is applied mainly in tendinopathies and produces satisfactory and very satisfactory results, both for patients and professionals, with low incidence of adverse effects.

Antifungal effects of hydrogen water on the growth of Candida albicans / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the antifungal effects of neutral electrolysis hydrogen water, an agent known for its oral anti-bacterial effects on the growth of C. albicans in vitro.METHODS: Hydrogen water, denture cleansing agent, and Listerine® were compared to a tap water control. We serially cultured C. albicans KCTC 27239 in SD media to analyze the inhibitory effect of each treatment on growth. We evaluated the data using repeated-measures ANOVA test and one-way ANOVA test, and a significant difference was defined as P < 0.05.RESULTS: Hydrogen water significantly inhibited the growth, but not the biofilm formation, of C. albicans compared to tap water control at 1-, 5-, and 10-minute time points (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The growth of C. albicans was slower in hydrogen water than in tap water, thereby suggesting an inhibitory effect of hydrogen water. Hydrogen water may, therefore, be utilized as an antibacterial and preventive agent without any harmful effect on denture and oral tissues.

Correction of Diffuse Trichiasis Using Eyelid Margin Splitting Combined with Cilia Rotation Suture

PURPOSE: In the present study, we introduced and evaluated the effectiveness of eyelid margin splitting combined with cilia rotation suture performed in simplified steps resulting in minimized complications in diffuse trichiasis. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was performed on 31 eyelids of 21 patients with diffuse trichiasis. The patients had trichiasis of more than 1/3 of eyelid margin and received eyelid margin splitting combined with cilia rotation suture at our hospital. The patients did not have eyelid or lid margin abnormalities and were followed up more than 6 months after surgical correction. A telephone survey of the surgical outcomes including cosmetic satisfaction and recurrence was conducted in patients who did not visit at postoperative 12 months. Success was defined as complete resolution of symptoms and acceptable cosmesis at final visit. RESULTS: The patients included 2 males (3 eyes) and 19 females (28 eyes) with an average age of 54.5 ± 18.3 years (range, 19.2–82.4 years). The mean follow-up period was 15.3 ± 5.6 months (range, 10–35 months). Cornea or conjunctiva irritation symptoms by misdirected eyelash were resolved in all eyelids; 3 eyelids with recurred trichiasis required additional electrolysis to remove irritating cilia resulting in an overall success rate of 90.3%. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with diffuse trichiasis, an eyelid margin splitting combined with cilia rotation suture performed in simplified surgical steps showed excellent results resolving irritating symptoms with very low recurrence rate and high cosmetic satisfaction.

Resultados de la electrólisis percutánea intratisular en el dolor en el hombro: infraespinoso, un ensayo controlado aleatorio / Résultats de l'Électrolyse Percutanée Intra-tissulaire contre la douleur de l'épaule: Muscle sous-épineux. Une étude contrôlée et randomisée / Results of the Electrolysis Percutaneous Intratissue in the shoulder pain: infraspinatus, A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: The Electrolysis Percutaneous Intratissue (EPI®) is a novel technique that provokes a local inflammatory process, allowing the phagocytises and affected tissue to repair. Objectives: The work is aimed to: a) verify the effectiveness of the EPI® when there is shoulder pain, b) locate where the EPI® should be applied, c) and find the possible interaction between the trigger points and the tendon pain. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Institute of Physiotherapy and Sports. Method: A double randomized experimental longitudinal study was conducted on four groups of 10 people aged 34-47 years with pain in the shoulder. In the first study there were three intervention groups and a control group. In the second study, the group with the best results in the first study served as a control group. Measurements: The variables measured were the perceived pain and the restriction for abduction, internal and external rotation. Results: Although the three intervention groups improved respect to the control group when the EPI® was applied, the results show that the EPI® is more effective when it is applied in all detected trigger points and to tendon pain. Conclusions: The EPI® is more effective if applied in the infraspinatus muscle and the tendon than applied only to one of the two structures, when both structures have pain. Limitations: The study could have tested the involvement of different structures and its related biomechanical implications. It could have also considered more variables(AU)

Introducción: la electrólisis percutánea intratisular (EPI®) es una novedosa técnica que provoca un proceso inflamatorio local, que permite la fagocitosis y la reparación del tejido afectado. Objetivos: verificar la efectividad de la EPI® cuando hay dolor del hombro, b) localizar dónde debería ser aplicada la EPI® y C) y determinar la interacción entre los posibles puntos de activación y el dolor del tendón. Diseño: estudio controlado aleatorio. Ubicación: Instituto de Fisioterapia y el Deporte. Método: se realizó un estudio longitudinal experimental aleatorizado doble en cuatro grupos de 10 personas con edades entre 34-47 años que sufrían dolor en el hombro. En el primer estudio hubo tres grupos de intervención y un grupo de control. En el segundo estudio, el grupo que tuvo mejores resultados en el primer estudio sirvió como grupo de control. Mediciones: las variables que se midieron fueron dolor percibido y la restricción de la abducción, rotación interna y rotación externa. Resultados: aunque los tres grupos de intervención mejoraron respecto al grupo de control cuando se aplicó la EPI®, los resultados muestran que la EPI® es más eficaz cuando se aplica en todos los puntos de activación detectados y donde hay dolor en los tendones. Conclusiones: la EPI® es más eficaz si se aplica en el músculo infraespinoso y el tendón que si se aplica solo a una de las dos estructuras, cuando ambas presentan dolor. Limitaciones: el estudio podría haber probado la participación de diferentes estructuras y sus implicaciones biomecánicas relacionadas. Podría también haber tenido en cuenta más variables(AU)

Introduction: L'Électrolyse Percutanée Intra-tissulaire (EPI®) est une nouvelle technique qui produit une réaction inflammatoire locale permettant la régénération tissulaire du tendon, ligament, muscle, etc. Objectifs: Le but de ce travail est de, a) confirmer l'effectivité de l'EPI® lorsqu'il y a une douleur au niveau de l'épaule, b) localiser la région sur laquelle l'EPI® doit être appliqué, et c) trouver la possible interaction entre les points de stimulation et la douleur tendineuse. Dessin: Une étude contrôlée et randomisée. Lieu: Institut de physiothérapie et de sports. Méthode: Une étude randomisée, expérimentale et longitudinale de quatre groupes de 10 personnes, âgées de 34 - 47 ans et atteintes d'une douleur au niveau de l'épaule, a été réalisée. Dans la première étude, il y a eu trois groupes expérimentaux et un groupe témoin. Dans la deuxième étude, le groupe ayant les meilleurs résultats dans la première étude a servi de groupe témoin. Évaluations: Parmi les variables analysées, on peut trouver la perception de la douleur et la limitation de l'adduction et de la rotation interne et externe. Résultats: Quoique les trois groupes expérimentaux ont éprouvé une amélioration vis-à-vis le groupe témoin après l'application de l'EPI®, les résultats ont montré que cette technique est plus effective si elle est appliquée sur tous les points de stimulation détectés et contre la douleur tendineuse. Conclusions: L'EPI® est plus effective si elle est appliquée sur le muscle sous-épineux et les tendons que sur une seule de ces deux structures, quand toutes les deux sont douloureuses. Limitations: L'étude pouvait avoir examiné les différentes structures compromises et leurs implications biomécaniques associées. Elle pouvait avoir aussi considéré beaucoup plus de variables(AU)

Toxicity effects of nickel electroplating effluents treated by photoelectrooxidation in the industries of the Sinos River Basin / Avaliação do efeito tóxico de efluentes oriundos da indústria galvânica na região da Bacia do Rio dos Sinos após o tratamento pelo processo de fotoeletrooxidação

The Sinos river Basin is an industrial region with many tanneries and electroplating plants in southern Brazil. The wastewater generated by electroplating contains high loads of salts and metals that have to be treated before discharge. After conventional treatment, this study applied an advanced oxidative process to degrade organic additives in the electroplating bright nickel baths effluent. Synthetic rinsing water was submitted to physical-chemical coagulation for nickel removal. The sample was submitted to ecotoxicity tests, and the effluent was treated by photoelectrooxidation (PEO). The effects of current density and treatment time were evaluated. The concentration of total organic carbon (TOC) was 38% lower. The toxicity tests of the effluent treated using PEO revealed that the organic additives were partially degraded and the concentration that is toxic for test organisms was reduced.

A Bacia do Rio dos Sinos é uma região do Sul do Brasil que sedia um importante pólo da indústria coureiro-calçadista incluindo, desde o beneficiamento das peles, em curtumes, à fabricação dos acessórios, em indústrias metalúrgicas e de galvanoplastia. O efluente gerado por processos galvânicos contém carga elevada de sais e metais que devem ser tratados antes do descarte. Neste artigo foi avaliada a aplicação de um processo oxidativo avançado após o tratamento convencional do efluente, visando degradar os aditivos orgânicos presentes nos efluentes dos banhos de eletrodeposição de níquel brilhante. Um efluente sintético foi tratado pelo processo físico-químico de coagulação para a remoção do níquel. A amostra foi, então, submetida a testes de ecotoxicidade e, em seguida, o efluente foi tratado pelo processo de fotoeletrooxidação (FEO). A influência da densidade de corrente e o tempo de tratamento foram avaliados. Foi verificada uma redução de carbono orgânico total superior a 38%. Os ensaios de ecotoxicidade para o efluente tratado por fotoeletroxidação indicaram que a FEO degradou parcialmente os aditivos orgânicos e reduziu a concentração que provoca efeitos tóxicos para os organismos teste.

Degradation of cyanotoxins (microcystin) in drinking water using photoelectrooxidation / Degradação de cianotoxinas (microcistinas) em água potável aplicando fotoeletrooxidação

The discharge of sewage and industrial effluents containing high concentrations of pollutants in water bodies increases eutrophication. Cyanobacteria, some of the organisms whose growth is promoted by high nutrient concentrations, are resistant and produce several types of toxins, known as cyanotoxins, highly harmful to human beings. Current water treatment systems for the public water supply are not efficient in degradation of toxins. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) have been tested for the removal of cyanotoxins, and the results have been positive. This study examines the application of photoelectrooxidation in the degradation of cyanotoxins (microcystins). The performance of the oxidative processes involved was evaluated separately: Photocatalysis, Electrolysis and Photoelectrooxidation. Results showed that the electrical current and UV radiation were directly associated with toxin degradation. The PEO system is efficient in removing cyanotoxins, and the reduction rate reached 99%. The final concentration of toxin was less than 1 µg/L of microcystin in the treated solution.

A descarga de esgotos e efluentes industriais contendo altas concentrações de poluentes nos corpos d'água aumenta a eutrofização. As cianobactérias, são organismos cujo crescimento é promovido por concentrações elevadas de nutrientes, são resistentes e produzem vários tipos de toxinas conhecidas, como cianotoxinas, altamente prejudiciais para os seres humanos. Os sistemas atuais de tratamento de água para o abastecimento público de água não são eficientes na degradação destas toxinas. Processos oxidativos avançados (POA) foram testados para a remoção de cianotoxinas, e os resultados têm sido positivos. Este estudo avalia o processo de fotoeletrooxidação (FEO) na degradação de cianotoxinas (microcistinas). Foi avaliado o desempenho dos processos envolvidos separadamente: fotocatalisis, eletrólise e fotoeletrooxidação. Os resultados mostram que a potencia da radiação UV e da corrente elétrica estão diretamente associados com a degradação de toxinas. O sistema de FEO é eficiente na remoção de cianotoxinas e a redução foi de 99%. A concentração final de toxina foi inferior a 1 g / L de microcistina na solução tratada.

Attenuated Allergenic Activity of Ovomucoid After Electrolysis

Ovomucoid (OMC) is the most prominent allergen causing hen's egg allergy, containing disulfide (S-S) bonds that may be responsible for its allergic action. As S-S bonds may be reduced during electrolysis, this study was undertaken to evaluate modulation of the allergic action of OMC after electrolysis. Electrolysis was carried out for 1% OMC containing 1% sodium chloride for 30 minutes with a voltage difference of 90 V, 0.23 A (30 mA/cm2). Protein assays, amino acid measurement, and mass spectrometry in untreated OMC and OMC on both the anode and cathode sides after electrolysis were performed. Moreover, 21 patients with IgE-mediated hen's egg allergy were evaluated by using the skin prick test (SPT) for untreated OMC and OMC after electrolysis. The allergic action of OMC was reduced after electrolysis on both the anode and cathode sides when evaluated by the SPT. The modifications of OMC on electrolysis caused the loss of 2 distinct peptide fragments (57E-63K and 123H-128R) as seen on matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The total free SH groups in OMC were increased on the cathode side. Although the regions of S-S broken bonds were not determined in this study, the change in S-S bonds in OMC on both the anode and cathode sides may reduce the allergenic activity.

Lid Splitting with Lash Resection for Trichiasis in Long-Standing Leprosy / 나학회지

BACKGROUND: Trichiasis is the inward inversion of the eyelash, resulting in painful contact with the cornea, which is a common symptom of patients with leprosy seeking treatment in leprosy outpatient clinics. Recurrence rates are high when trichiasis is treated with conventional methods such as epilation and electrolysis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prospectively a more aggressive surgical technique, lid splitting with lash resection, for trichiasis in long standing leprosy as a pilot study. METHODS: During the past 10 months, we treated 12 leprosy patients (18 eyelids) for trichiasis by splitting the lid margin at the gray line with resection of the eyelash bearing portion to modify the anterior lamellar repositioning. RESULTS: In all patients, pain disappeared immediately and there were no complications. The low number of patients and relatively short follow-up period are study limitations. CONCLUSION: The lid splitting with lash resection for trichiasis in patients with long standing leprosy is a satisfied treatment method functionally and cosmetically.

Retrieval of fractured files based on electrochemical dissolution / Retiro de limas fracturadas basado en la disolución electroquímica

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the Electrochemical Dissolution (DE) facilitates the retrieval of fractured files, from Endo-Training block with an artificial root canal, by using ultrasonic techniques (US). Twenty Endo-Training block with an artificial single canal with working length 16 mm and twenty nickel-titanium (NiTi) Protaper Universal rotary files were used. 10 Shaping S1 files and 10 Shaping S2 files, were sectioned transversally within the conduit, to 5mm of the apical tip. Twenty samples were divided into four groups: Group1 and 3 received the action of DE and US, and groups 2 and 4 received the action of US. To remove the fragments we used Staging Platform and Dental Microscope. Outcome was analyzed statistically by Student t test. Statistical Analysis showed a significant difference in retrieval time of the fragments and weight loss mass of Endo training block ultrasonic tips were used, between groups that applied Ultrasonic with electrochemical dissolution and the group using only ultrasonic. It can be concluded that there was weight loss mass of separated fragment by electrochemical action, however, it was not sufficient and its use alone was inconclusive to retrieve the fragments. The procedure needs to be complemented with the use of the staging platform, ultrasonic tips and Dental Microscope.

Este estudio tiene como propósito determinar si la Disolución Electroquímica (DE) favorece el retiro de fragmentos de limas fracturadas, insertos en bloc endodónticos de entrenamiento de resina, con un conducto radicular simulado, mediante el uso de ultrasonido (US). Se utilizaron 20 bloc y 20 limas rotatorias usadas ProTaper Universal de NiTi Shaping Files, 10 S1, 10 S2, que fueron fracturadas dentro del conducto, a 5 mm desde la punta apical y divididos en Grupo1 y 3 que recibieron la acción de la DE y US; y Grupo 2 y 4 sólo utilizó US. Para retirar los fragmentos se utilizó Plataforma de Trabajo y Microscopio Dental. Los datos fueron analizados con la prueba T de Student. Los resultados indican que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el tiempo de retiro de los fragmentos y en la pérdida de masa del bloc de entrenamiento por el uso del ultrasonido, en los grupos que se aplicó Disolución Electroquímica más Ultrasonido. Se puede concluir que la acción electroquímica permite que exista pérdida de masa del fragmento fracturado, sin embargo, no es suficiente y su sola utilización no es concluyente para retirar los fragmentos, es necesario complementar el procedimiento con la utilización de la Plataforma de Trabajo, puntas de ultrasonido y el Microscopio Dental.

Design of a microbial fuel cell and its transition to microbial electrolytic cell for hydrogen production by electrohydrogenesis.

Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from industrial wastewater and soil samples and tested for exoelectrogenic activity by current production in double chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC), which was further transitioned into a single chambered microbial electrolytic cell to test hydrogen production by electrohydrogenesis. Of all the cultures, the isolate from industrial water sample showed the maximum values for current = 0.161 mA, current density = 108.57 mA/m2 and power density = 48.85 mW/m2 with graphite electrode. Maximum voltage across the cell, however, was reported by the isolate from sewage water sample (506 mv) with copper as electrode. Tap water with KMnO4 was the best cathodic electrolyte as the highest values for all the measured MFC parameters were reported with it. Once the exoelectrogenic activity of the isolates was confirmed by current production, these were tested for hydrogen production in a single chambered microbial electrolytic cell (MEC) modified from the MFC. Hydrogen production was reported positive from co-culture of isolates of both the water samples and co-culture of one soil and one water sample. The maximum rate and yield of hydrogen production was 0.18 m3H2/m3/d and 3.2 mol H2/mol glucose respectively with total hydrogen production of 42.4 mL and energy recovery of 57.4%. Cumulative hydrogen production for a five day cycle of MEC operation was 0.16 m3H2/m3/d.

Effect of aluminum exposure on cognitive function in electrolytic workers and its influential factors / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clarify the effect of aluminum exposure on the cognitive function in electrolytic workers and the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among them by prevalence survey, and to investigate its influential factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-six retired workers from the electrolysis workshop of an electrolytic aluminum plant were selected as an aluminum exposure group, while 70 retired workers from a flour mill in the same region were selected as a control group. MCI patients were screened out by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); the blood aluminum level was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; multivariate statistical analysis was used to investigate the influential factors for MMSE scores and the correlation between blood aluminum level and MCI prevalence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The aluminum exposure group showed a significantly higher blood aluminum level than the control group (25.18 ± 2.65 µg/L vs 9.97 ± 2.83 µg/L, P < 0.01). The total MMSE score of the aluminum exposure group (26.13 ± 2.57) was significantly lower than that of the control group (27.89 ± 1.91) (P < 0.05), particularly the scores on time and place orientation, short-term memory, calculation ability, and language skill (P < 0.05). The detection rate of MCI was significantly higher in the aluminum exposure group (18.2%) than in the control group (5.7%) (P < 0.01). The main influential factors for MMSE scores were gender, age, education level, and blood aluminum level. The logistic regression analysis indicated that the MCI prevalence was significantly correlated with blood aluminum level in the study population (OR = 1.168, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Long-term exposure to aluminum can cause cognitive disorders in electrolytic workers and may be one of the risk factors for MCI. Advanced age, male, low education level, and high blood aluminum level may be high-risk factors for cognitive impairment.</p>

Antioxidant Effect of Captopril and Enalapril on Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in the Rabbit Abdominal Aorta

BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be related to cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have demonstrated that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have beneficial effects against ROS. We investigated the antioxidant effect of captopril and enalapril in nitric oxide mediated vascular endothelium-dependent relaxations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Isolated rabbit abdominal aorta ring segments were exposed to ROS by electrolysis of the organ bath medium (Krebs-Henseleit solution) after pretreatment with various concentrations (range, 10-5 to 3x10-4 M) of captopril and enalapril. Before and after electrolysis, the endothelial function was measured by preconstricting the vessels with norepinephrine (10-6 M) followed by the cumulative addition of acetylcholine (range, 3x10-8 to 10-6 M). The relevance of the superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide scavenging effect of captopril and enalapril was investigated using additional pretreatments of diethyldithiocarbamate (DETCA, 0.5 mM), an inhibitor of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3AT, 50 mM), an inhibitor of catalase. RESULTS: Both captopril and enalapril preserved vascular endothelium-dependent relaxation after exposure to ROS in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.0001). Pretreatment with DETCA attenuated the antioxidant effect of captopril and enalapril (p<0.0001), but pretreatment with 3AT did not have an effect. CONCLUSION: Both captopril and enalapril protect endothelium against ROS in a dose-dependent fashion in isolated rabbit abdominal aortas. This protective effect is related to superoxide anion scavenging.

Antioxidant effect of muscle relaxants (vecuronium, rocuronium) on the rabbit abdominal aortic endothelial damage induced by reactive oxygen species / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Muscle relaxants induce vascular smooth muscle relaxation by inducing synthesis of the prostaglandins that influence vasomotor tone. However, the effects of muscle relaxants on endothelial cells and tissues following injury by reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unclear. We tested the effects of the muscle relaxants vecuronium and rocuronium on impaired acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation following induction of ROS in rabbit aorta in vitro. METHODS: Isolated rabbit abdominal aortic ring segments were pretreated with vecuronium or rocuronium at 10(-4), 3 x 10(-4), 10(-3) or 3 x 10(-3) M, with or without inhibitors of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (diethyldithiocarbamate; DETCA, 0.8 mM) or catalase (3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; 3AT, 50 mM). All groups of aortic rings were then exposed to ROS generated by electrolysis in the organ bath medium (Krebs-Henseleit solution). The effects of vecuronium and rocuronium on ROS-induced impairment of relaxation induced by ACh (10(-6) M) were assessed. RESULTS: Aortic rings treated with vecuronium or rocuronium at 10(-4), 3 x 10(-4), 10(-3) or 3 x 10(-3) M preserved the capacity for ACh-induced endothelial relaxation following ROS exposure in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with DETCA partially inhibited the protective effects of vecuronium and rocuronium on ACh-induced relaxation (P < 0.001), but pretreatment with 3AT had no effect. CONCLUSIONS: Muscle relaxants protected the endothelium in isolated rabbit abdominal aorta from free-radical injury in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that vecuronium and rocuronium may act as superoxide anion scavengers.

Antimicrobial effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water on oral microorganisms / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) for use as a mouth-rinse on seven oral pathogens. METHODS: In this study, SAEW with a pH of 6.2, oxidation-reduction potential of 728-800 mV, and available chlorine concentration of 30 mg/L was produced by electrolysis using an electrolysis device. The antimicrobial properties of SAEW against seven oral pathogens were determined by the agar diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and mouth rinsing tests. RESULTS: SAEW did not demonstrate any antimicrobial activity (disc diffusion method) against the seven oral pathogens under study. However, SAEW showed potent antimicrobial activity with an MIC value of 0.0075-0.015 mg/mL and a MBC value of 0.015-0.03 mg/mL. Mouth rinsing with SAEW showed 99.9% bacterial inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: SAEW exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against all oral pathogens causing dental caries and periodontal disease. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that SAEW can be used as an effective mouth-rinse to prevent oral diseases and for oral hygiene management, with potential for commercial application.

Antioxidant effects of methylprednisolone and hydrocortisone on the impairment of endothelium dependent relaxation induced by reactive oxygen species in rabbit abdominal aorta / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: The reperfusion following ischemia produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). We studied the influences of methylprednisolone (MPD) and hydrocortisone (CRT) on ROS effects using the endothelium of rabbit abdominal aorta. METHODS: Isolated rabbit aortic rings were suspended in an organ bath filled with Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution. After precontraction with norepinephrine, changes in arterial tension were recorded following the cumulative administration of acetylcholine (ACh). The percentages of ACh-induced relaxation of aortic rings before and after exposure to ROS, generated by electrolysis of K-H solution, were used as the control and experimental values, respectively. The aortic rings were pretreated with MPD or CRT at the same concentrations, and the effects of these agents were compared with the effects of ROS scavenger inhibitors: superoxide dismutase inhibitor, diethylthiocarbamate (DETCA), and the catalase inhibitor, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3AT). RESULTS: Both MPD and CRT maintained endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by ACh in a dose-related manner in spite of ROS attack. The restored ACh-induced relaxation of MPD and CRT group was not attenuated by pretreatment of 3AT and DETCA. CONCLUSIONS: MPD and CRT preserve the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation against the attack of ROS, in a dose-related manner. Endothelial protection mechanisms of MPD and CRT may be not associated with hydrogen peroxide and superoxide scavenging.

Research on determination of chemical purity of andrographolide by coulometric titration method / 中国中药杂志

The determination of chemical purity of andrographolide by coulometric titration method is studied in this paper. The coulometric titration was carried out in a mixture composed of 4 mol x L(-1) hydrochloric acid and 1 mol x L(-1) potassium bromide solution and 1 mol x L(-1) potassium nitrate solution (1:1). Bromine is electrogenerated at the anode and reacts with the andrographolide. The number of electrons involved in the eleatrode reaction is 2. Purity of andrographolide is 99.76% compared with 99.77% utilizing area normalization method by HPLC. The RSD are 0.33% and 0.02% respectively. The results from two methods are consistent, so the determination of chemical purity of andrographolide by coulometric titration method is scientific and feasible. The method is rapid, simple, convenient, sensitive and accurate. The reference material is not essential in the method. The method is suitable for determination of chemical purity of andrographolide.

Effect of ketorolac and diclofenac on the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by reactive oxygen species in rabbit abdominal aorta / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce lipid peroxidation and tissue damage in endothelium. We studied the influences of ketorolac and diclofenac on ROS effects using the endothelium of rabbit abdominal aorta. METHODS: Isolated rabbit aortic rings were suspended in an organ bath filled with Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution bubbled with 5% CO2 and 95% O2 at 37.5degrees C. After being stimulated to contract with phenylephrine (PE, 10(-6) M), changes in arterial tension were recorded following the cumulative administration of acetylcholine (ACh, 3 x 10(-8) to 10(-6) M). The percentages of ACh-induced relaxation of aortic rings before and after exposure to ROS, generated by electrolysis of K-H solution, were used as the control and experimental values, respectively. The aortic rings were pretreated with ketorolac or diclofenac at the same concentrations (10(-5) M to 3 x 10(-4) M), and the effects of these agents were compared with the effects of ROS scavengers: catalase, mannitol, sodium salicylate and deferoxamine and the catalase inhibitor, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3AT). RESULTS: Both ketorolac and diclofenac maintained endothlium-dependent relaxation induced by ACh in a dose-related manner inspite of ROS attack (P < 0.05 vs. control value). The 3AT pretreated ketorolac (3 x 10(-3) M) group was decreased more significantly than un-pretreated ketorolac (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that ketorlac and diclofenac preserve the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation against the attack of ROS, in a concentration-related manner. One of the endothelial protection mechanisms of ketorolac may be hydrogen peroxide scavenging.