ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of acute cases of Chagas disease notified in the State of Amazonas between the period from 2010 to 2020. Data were obtained from the portal of the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação- SINAN, considering the number of cases per municipality of notification. 140 cases of Acute Chagas Disease were notified, distributed in 23 of the 62 municipalities of the State of Amazonas, 82 (59%) were male individuals, with a greater predominance in the age group of 20-39 years old, having 45 (32.1%) cases. As for the race/color variable, the highest number was among brown people with 101 (72.1%) notifications. The oral route prevailed as the main form of disease transmission with 93 (66.4%) records. Infection by the oral route of T. cruzi is the most important route of transmission of CD in the State of Amazonas, the occurrence of transmission is associated in most cases with the consumption of foods such as açaí juice and has been reported frequently over the years between municipalities.
este estudo se propôs a investigar a epidemiologia dos casos agudos de Doença de Chagas notificados no Estado do Amazonas no período de 2010 a 2020. Os dados foram obtidos no portal do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - SINAN, considerando o número de casos por município de notificação. Foram notificados 140 casos de Doença de Chagas Aguda, distribuídos em 23 dos 62 municípios do Estado do Amazonas, 82 (59%) eram indivíduos do sexo masculino, com maior predominância na faixa etária de 20-39 anos de idade com 45 (32,1%) casos. Quanto a variável raça/cor, a maior registro foi entre pardos com 101(72,1%) notificações. A via oral, prevaleceu como a principal forma de transmissão da patologia com 93 (66,4%) registros. A infecção pela via oral do T. cruzi, é a mais importante via de transmissão de DC no Estado do Amazonas, a ocorrência da transmissão está associada na maioria das vezes ao consumo de alimentos como o suco de açaí, e tem sido reportada com frequência ao longo dos anos entre os municípios.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la epidemiología de los casos agudos de la enfermedad de Chagas notificados en el Estado de Amazonas en el período de 2010 a 2020. Los datos fueron obtenidos del portal del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación - SINAN, considerando el número de casos por municipio de notificación. Se notificaron 140 casos de Enfermedad de Chagas Aguda, distribuidos en 23 de los 62 municipios del Estado de Amazonas, 82 (59%) fueron individuos del sexo masculino, con mayor predominio en el grupo etario de 20 a 39 años con 45 (32,1%) casos. En cuanto a la variable raza/color, el mayor número fue entre los morenos con 101 (72,1%) notificaciones. La vía oral predominó como principal vía de transmisión de la enfermedad con 93 (66,4%) registros. La infección por vía oral de T. cruzi es la vía de transmisión más importante de la EC en el Estado de Amazonas, la ocurrencia de la transmisión está mayoritariamente asociada al consumo de alimentos como el jugo de açaí, y ha sido reportada con frecuencia a lo largo de los años entre municipios.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Chagas Disease/transmission , Euterpe/poisoning , Notification/statistics & numerical data , Eating/radiation effects , Health Information Systems/organization & administration , Health Services Research/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Abstract Acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and guarana (Paullinia cupana Kunth) are native species from the Amazon Forest that in folk medicine are used to treat several diseases due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This review brings together findings from different studies on the potential neuroprotective effects of acai and guarana, highlighting the importance of the conservation and sustainable exploitation of the Amazon Forest. A bibliographic survey in the PubMed database retrieved indexed articles written in English that focused on the effects of acai and guarana in in vitro and in vivo models of neurodegenerative diseases. In general, treatment with either acai or guarana decreased neuroinflammation, increased antioxidant responses, ameliorated depression, and protected cells from neurotoxicity mediated by aggregated proteins. The results from these studies suggest that flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids found in both acai and guarana have therapeutic potential not only for neurodegenerative diseases, but also for depressive disorders. In addition, acai and guarana show beneficial effects in slowing down the physiological aging process. However, toxicity and efficacy studies are still needed to guide the formulation of herbal medicines from acai and guarana.
Subject(s)
Amazonian Ecosystem , Paullinia/adverse effects , Euterpe/adverse effects , Fruit/classification , In Vitro Techniques/methods , Neuroprotective Agents/classification , Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: The natural ecosystems of northern Mato Grosso, Brazil, are in process of fragmentation, mainly due to population growth and the expansion of agriculture. This endangers the palm Euterpe precatoria (locally known as açaí), used for construction, palm hearts, juices and ice cream. Objective: To evaluate the local diversity and genetic structure in native populations of E. precatoria. Methods: We collected leaves from 106 fruiting palms from five populations in Mato Grosso State, for analysis of microsatellite markers with Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results: The five SSR loci revealed a total of 30 alleles, ranging from 5 (EE23 and EE43) to 7 (EE2 and EE15), with an average of 6 alleles per locus. The mean PIC was 0.74 and confirmed low heterozygosity and inbreeding. The UPGMA dendrogram produced two groups and molecular variance revealed greater genetic differentiation within populations. The high levels of homozygous microsatellite loci indicate low genetic diversity. Conclusions: These populations have low gene diversity, high average number of alleles per locus, and rare and exclusive alleles. We recommend the establishment of permanent conservation units with corridors among them.
Resumen Introducción: Los ecosistemas naturales del norte de Mato Grosso, Brasil, están en proceso de fragmentación, principalmente debido al crecimiento de la población y la expansión de la agricultura. Esto pone en peligro la palma Euterpe precatoria (localmente conocida como açaí), utilizada para la construcción, extracción de palmito, preparación de jugos y helados. Objetivo: Evaluar la diversidad local y estructura genética en poblaciones nativas de E. precatoria. Métodos: Recolectamos hojas de 106 palmas fructíferas de cinco poblaciones en el estado de Mato Grosso, para análisis de marcadores microsatélites con el método de Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR). Resultados: Los cinco loci SSR revelaron un total de 30 alelos, que van desde 5 (EE23 y EE43) hasta 7 (EE2 y EE15), con un promedio de 6 alelos por locus. El PIC medio fue de 0.74 y confirmó baja heterocigosidad y endogamia en las poblaciones. El dendrograma UPGMA produjo dos grupos y la varianza molecular reveló una mayor diferenciación genética dentro de las poblaciones. Los loci de microsatélites presentaron un alto nivel de homocigotos lo que indica una baja diversidad genética. Conclusiones: Estas poblaciones tienen baja diversidad genética, alto promedio de alelos por locus y alelos raros y únicos. Recomendamos el establecimiento de unidades de conservación permanentes con corredores entre ellas.
Subject(s)
Arecaceae/classification , Euterpe/classification , BrazilABSTRACT
Aim: This study aims to evaluate the surface roughness and susceptibility to staining of bleached composite resin with 22% carbamide peroxide, as well as the effect of subsequent prophylaxis with NaHCO3 powder. Material and Methods: Forty disk-shaped (2 × 6 mm) specimens of composite resin (Z250 XT) were prepared. Half of the specimens were subjected to bleaching with 22% carbamide peroxide, and the other half were stored in artificial saliva. In sequence, all specimens were immersed in acai juice (Euterpe oleracea) for 4 h for 14 days, and subdivided into two groups. Group 1 samples were subjected to prophylaxis treatment, while group 2 samples were subjected to treatment with artificial saliva. Surface roughness (Ra) and color (ΔE*) were measured after polishing (T0), bleaching (T1), immersion in acai juice (T2), and application of NaHCO3 powder (T3) using a profilometer and a spectrophotometer. Results: Statistical analyses (analysis of variance and Tukey's test, p≤0.05) revealed that regarding color there was statistically significance for the factors in isolation, except for the factor bleaching. For both color and surface roughness there was statistically significant difference for the interaction, except for the interaction between NaHCO3 power and bleaching. Conclusion: The NaHCO3 air-powder polishing decreases the staining of the composite resin; however, it increases the surface roughness. With respect to the color variable, the whitening factor had no significant effect on the tested material; however, it increases surface roughness.
Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la rugosidad de la superficie y la susceptibilidad a la tinción de la resina compuesta blanqueada con peróxido de carbamida al 22%, así como el efecto de la profilaxis posterior con polvo de NaHCO3. Material y Métodos: Se prepararon cuarenta especímenes en forma de disco (2 × 6 mm) de resina compuesta (Z250 XT). La mitad de los especímenes se sometieron a blanqueo con peróxido de carbamida al 22% y la otra mitad se almacenó en saliva artificial. En secuencia, todos los especímenes se sumergieron en jugo de acai (Euterpe oleracea) durante 4h durante 14 días, y se subdividieron en dos grupos. Las muestras del grupo 1 se sometieron a tratamiento profiláctico, mientras que las muestras del grupo 2 se sometieron a tratamiento con saliva artificial. La rugosidad de la superficie (Ra) y el color (ΔE*) se midieron después del pulido (T0), el blanqueo (T1), la inmersión en jugo de acai (T2) y la aplicación de polvo de NaHCO3 (T3) utilizando un perfilómetro y un espectrofotómetro. Resultados: Los análisis estadísticos (análisis de varianza y prueba de Tukey, p≤0.05) revelaron que en relación al color hubo significancia estadística para los factores en forma aislada, excepto para el factor blanqueamiento. Tanto para el color como para la rugosidad de la superficie hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa para la interacción, excepto para la interacción entre el poder de NaHCO3 y el blanqueo. Conclusión: El pulido al aire con polvo de NaHCO3 disminuye el manchado de la resina compuesta; sin embargo, aumenta la rugosidad de la superficie. Con respecto a la variable color, el factor de blanqueamiento no tuvo efecto significativo sobre el material ensayado; sin embargo, aumenta la rugosidad de la superficie.
Subject(s)
Humans , Sodium Bicarbonate , Composite Resins/chemistry , Saliva , Brazil , Color , Dental Prophylaxis/methods , Euterpe , ImmersionABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective This scoping review aimed to map evidence on açai supplementation combined with exercise in animal and/or human experimental studies. Methods The search considered six electronic databases and screening of relevant references. The selection process and data extraction were performed by two independent authors. The study characteristics, and AS (e.g., form, intervention time, amount ingested) and exercise (e.g., types, intensity, and duration) strategies were summarized, as well as their reported results. Results From an initial total of 342 studies identified; 11 (5 with animal and 6 with human models) were eligible. In animals, açai supplementation and exercise led to benefits in exercise tolerance and improvements in several hemodynamic parameters, as well as significant improvements in liver markers and glucose metabolism. In humans, açai supplementation indicated positive results in increasing exhaustion time to 90% of VO2max and increasing intensity at the anaerobic threshold. Conclusion We conclude that future research involving animals and humans should examine açai supplementation and exercise with (a) obesity models to test the effect of adiponectin on body composition with analysis of histological and histochemical parameters; (b) eccentric injury protocols with the incorporation of muscle quality variables to assess recovery; (c) chronic açai supplementation and strength training; (d) comparison of different forms of açai supplementation in exercise protocols.
RESUMO Objetivo Esta revisão de escopo teve como objetivo mapear evidências sobre a suplementação com açaí combinada com exercícios físicos em estudos experimentais em animais e / ou humanos. Métodos A busca considerou seis bases de dados eletrônicas além da triagem de referências relevantes. O processo de seleção e extração de dados foi realizado por dois autores independentes. As características do estudo, estratégias de suplementação de açaí (forma, tempo de intervenção, e quantidade ingerida) e exercícios (tipos, intensidade e duração), seus resultados foram resumidos. Resultados Um total de 342 estudos foram inicialmente alcançados e somente 11 foram elegíveis (5 com animais e 6 com humanos). Em animais, a suplementação de açaí e os exercícios indicaram benefícios na tolerância ao exercício e melhorias em vários parâmetros hemodinâmicos, bem como melhorias significativas nos marcadores hepáticos e no metabolismo da glicose. Em humanos, a suplementação de açaí indicou resultados positivos no aumento do tempo de exaustão para 90% do VO2máx e no aumento da intensidade correspondente ao limiar anaeróbio. Conclusão Concluiu-se que pesquisas futuras envolvendo animais e humanos devem examinar a suplementação de açaí e exercícios com (a) modelos de obesidade para testar o efeito da adiponectina na composição corporal por meio de parâmetros histológicos e histoquímicos (b) protocolos de dano muscular excêntrico com incorporação de variáveis de qualidade muscular para avaliação da recuperação; (c) suplementação crônica de açaí e treinamento de força; (d) comparação das diferentes formas de suplementação de açaí em protocolos de exercícios.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Rats , Young Adult , Exercise Test/methods , Euterpe/physiology , Oxidative Stress , Glucose/metabolism , Hemodynamics/physiology , Antioxidants/physiologyABSTRACT
Açaí (Euterpe oleraceaMart.) -a common tropical palm has high social, economic, and environmental importance in the Amazon region. In the light of increasing exploration to obtain the fruit and heart of this palms, comprehensive studies are warranted for conservation and genetic improvement. Here, we characterized açaí accessions using phenological, morphological, and agronomic descriptors and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)molecular markers for joint selection of accessions with greater productivity. Hundred accessions were analyzed using 18 morphoagronomic descriptors and 13 RAPD markers. The spathe and inflorescence emission phases during flowering and fruiting showed seasonality. Based on the coefficient of variation and mean squared error, the accessions exhibited high variability in the tested morphoagronomic descriptors and were distributed into seven groups. Fruit, seed, and pulp weights were important descriptors for the distinction of accessions and identification of those with greater productivity. The accessions presented >85% similarity, and 85 accessions, distributed in nine subgroups, could not be differentiated using RAPD markers. There was no correlation between grouping based on morphometric descriptors and RAPD markers. Panicle weight was 3.9-9.0 kg in 15 accessions and 100-fruit pulp weight was 35-50 g in six accessions. Therefore, accessions with high productivity could be selected.
Subject(s)
Anthocyanins , Biomarkers , Euterpe/genetics , Euterpe/chemistryABSTRACT
Objetivo: É mérito deste estudo avaliar a pigmentação de cerâmicas odontológicassubmetidas a diferentes tratamentos de superfície e imersasem soluções corantes.Métodos: Foram confeccionadas 60 amostras de cerâmica, divididas em seis grupos. Os grupos G1, G2 e G3 receberam aplicação prévia de glaze, enquanto G4, G5 e G6 foram submetidos a desgastes e polimento. Os grupos foram mantidos em água destilada, açaí e café por um período de 30 dias. Foram realizadas fotografias digitais, seguidas da mensuração de cor da superfície com o programa mColorMeter, com base no sistema CIELab, antes da imersão, após 15 e 30 dias. Para avaliação quantitativa da variação de cor foi utilizada fórmula de ∆E, onde foram obtidos média e desvio padrão de cada grupo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística ANOVA de dois fatores. Resultados: Após a realização da análise estatística, foram estabelecidos as médias e desvios-padrão para variância de cor (∆E) e foi constatado que não houve resultado estatisticamente significativo, em que p ≤ 0,05, para pigmentação em nenhum dos grupos de cerâmicas. Conclusão: Nesse contexto, infere-se que as substâncias café e açaí não promoveram alterações de cor significativas, bem como o glaze e o polimento mostraram-se igualmente eficientes na manutenção da estabilidade de cor das cerâmicas.
Aim: The present study sought to evaluate the pigmentation of dental ceramics submitted to different surface treatments and immersed in staining solutions. Methods: Sixty ceramic samples were manufactured and divided into six groups. Groups G1, G2, and G3 received a prior glaze application, while groups G4, G5, and G6 were submitted to wear and polishing. The groups were maintained in distilled water, açaí, and coffee for a period of 30 days. Digital photographs were taken, followed by color measurement of the surface with the mColorMeter program, based on system CIELab, before immersion, after 15 and 30 days. For quantitative evaluation of color variation, a formula from ∆E was used, where mean and standard deviation of each group were obtained. The data were submitted to ANOVA statistical analysis of two factors. Result: After the statistical analysis, the means and standard deviations for color variance (∆E) were established, and it was found that there were no statistically significant results, with p ≤ 0.05, for pigmentation in any of the groups of ceramics. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be inferred that coffee and açaí substances did not promote significant color changes. Glaze and polishing also proved equally efficient in maintaining the color stability of the ceramics.
Subject(s)
Pigmentation , Ceramics/analysis , Cementation , Dental Prosthesis , Dental Materials/analysis , Coloring Agents/analysis , Coffee/adverse effects , Euterpe/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius) is a palm species from the Atlantic Forest whose fruits are important as a source of food to several individuals from the fauna of the region. Despite its ecological importance, juçara is found in the list of endangered species, due to the fragmentation of the forests and the illegal extraction of the heart of palm. We aimed to evaluate the inter- and intra-populational genetic diversity of E. edulis based on fruit and seed traits in forest fragments of the Espírito Santo State in Brazil. The aim was to generate information to be used in E. edulis breeding programs, or in the delineation of more efficient management and reforestation strategies. The study was carried out in 20 forest fragments and 198 fruit plants were sampled. Positive genetic association was observed between the evaluated traits, with the longitudinal diameter of the fruit (LDF) and the seed mass (SM) greatly affecting fruit mass (FM). The existence of inter- and intra-populational genetic divergence was proved. The genetic divergence found in E. edulis suggests that there is genetic material that can be explored in breeding programs and this information may also contribute to management strategies that can increase the species genetic diversity
Juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius) é uma espécie de palmeira da Mata Atlântica, que é importante como fonte de alimento para vários indivíduos da fauna. Apesar de sua importância ecológica, juçara é encontrada na lista de espécies ameaçadas à extinção, devido à fragmentação florestal e à extração ilegal do palmito. Nós tivemos como objetivo avaliar a diversidade genética inter e intra populacional de E. edulis com base em caracteres de frutos e sementes, em fragmentos florestais do Estado do Espírito Santo no Brasil, com o objetivo de gerar informações a serem utilizadas nos programas de melhoramento de E. edulis ou na delimitação de estratégias de manejo e reflorestamento mais eficientes. O estudo foi realizado em 20 fragmentos florestais e 198 plantas frutíferas foram amostradas. Foi observada uma grande associação genética positiva entre os caracteres avaliados, com as características diâmetro longitudinal dos frutos (LDF) e massa de sementes (SM) apresentando efeitos maiores do que a massa característica da fruta (FM). A existência de divergência genética inter e intrapopulacional foi comprovada. A divergência genética encontrada neste trabalho para E. edulis sugere a presença de material genético que vale a pena ser explorado em programas de melhoramento e essa informação também pode contribuir com estratégias de manejo para aumentar a diversidade genética das espécies.
Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , EuterpeABSTRACT
ABSTRACT This study aimed to develop and assess the physicochemical, sensory parameters, and shelf life estimation of multicomponent snack bars based on tapioca flour, Brazil nut, and açaí or cupuassu pulp. The physicochemical composition of açaí- and cupuassu-flavored snack bars had, respectively, 0.92 and 0.99% ash, 19.22 and 17.02% lipids, 3.02 and 3.03% protein, 1.06 and 1.69% fiber, and 448 and 436 kcal/100 g energy value. The shear stress test showed the consumer needs to bite more strongly to break the açaí-flavored bar. The opposite was observed in the hardness test, in which the bite compression force during mastication was greater for the cupuassu-flavored bar. The bars had water activity below 0.6, which denotes microbiological stability. The sensory analysis ranked the bars between "liked slightly" and "liked very much," which was confirmed by the acceptability index above 75% for all attributes assessed. According to the results a significant increase in water activity over storage was observed suggest the packaging used in the tests did not present a satisfactory barrier to water vapor permeability. Only water activity was used to estimate shelf life, which was determined as 58 days and 49 days for the açaí- and cupuassu-flavored bars, respectively. Thus, the snack bars represent an alternative for athletes as well as individuals with celiac disease since they are gluten free.
RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar y evaluar los parámetros físicos, físico-químicos, microbiológicos, sensoriales y la vida útil en estante de barras a base de harina de tapioca, castaña de Brasil y pulpa de açaí o cupuaçu. En cuanto a la composición físico-química, las barras multicomponentes sabor açaí y cupuaçu presentaron, respectivamente, 0,92 y 0,99% de cenizas, 19,22 y 17,02% de lípidos, 3,02 y 3,03% proteínas, 1,06 y 1,69% de fibras y 448 y 436 kcal/100g de valor energético. La prueba de cizallamiento y dureza mostraron que el consumidor necesita una fuerza de mordida mayor para romper la barra sabor açaí. El comportamiento contrario fue observado en la prueba de dureza donde la fuerza de compresión de la mordida, durante la masticación, fue mayor en la barra sabor cupuaçu. Para el análisis sensorial se observó que las barras evaluadas recibieron notas situadas entre las categorías "me gustó ligeramente" y "me gustó mucho", resultado comprobado por el índice de aceptabilidad con valores superiores al 75% para todos los atributos evaluados. De acuerdo con los resultados, se observó un aumento significativo en la actividad de agua durante el almacenamiento, lo que sugiere que el embalaje utilizado en las pruebas no presentó una barrera satisfactoria para la permeabilidad al vapor de agua. Para la estimación de vida de estante sólo la actividad de agua fue utilizada para los cálculos, siendo el tiempo de vida de estante determinado en 58 días para la barra sabor açaí y 49 días para la barra sabor cupuaçu. Así, las barras multicomponentes elaboradas representam una alternativa para atletas, así como para portadores de la enfermedad celíaca, visto la ausencia de gluten en su composición.
Subject(s)
Malvaceae , Bertholletia , Snacks , Euterpe , Flour , Taste , Brazil , Analysis of Variance , Food Microbiology , Food PreservationSubject(s)
Animals , Rats , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury , Euterpe , Plant Extracts , Oxidative Stress , AntioxidantsABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) is a fruit with high antioxidant capacity and could be an adjuvant strategy to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury. Objective: To evaluate the influence of açaí in global ischemia-reperfusion model in rats. Methods: Wistar rats were assigned to 2 groups: Control (C: receiving standard chow; n = 9) and Açaí (A: receiving standard chow supplemented with 5% açaí; n = 10). After six weeks, the animals were subjected to the global ischemia-reperfusion protocol and an isolated heart study to evaluate left ventricular function. Level of significance adopted: 5%. Results: There was no difference between the groups in initial body weight, final body weight and daily feed intake. Group A presented lower lipid hydroperoxide myocardial concentration and higher catalase activity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase than group C. We also observed increased myocardial activity of b-hydroxyacyl coenzyme-A dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, complex I, complex II and ATP synthase in the A group as well as lower activity of the lactate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinase enzymes. The systolic function was similar between the groups, and the A group presented poorer diastolic function than the C group. We did not observe any difference between the groups in relation to myocardial infarction area, total and phosphorylated NF-kB, total and acetylated FOXO1, SIRT1 and Nrf-2 protein expression. Conclusion: despite improving energy metabolism and attenuating oxidative stress, açai supplementation did not decrease the infarcted area or improve left ventricular function in the global ischemia-reperfusion model.
Resumo Fundamento: Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) é uma fruta com alta capacidade antioxidante e pode ser uma estratégia adjuvante para atenuar a lesão de isquemia-reperfusão. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do açaí no modelo global de isquemia-reperfusão em ratos. Metodologia: Ratos Wistar foram divididos em 2 grupos: Controle (C: recebendo ração padrão; n = 9) e Açaí (A: recebendo ração padrão suplementada com 5% de açaí; n = 10). Após seis semanas, os animais foram submetidos ao protocolo global de isquemia-reperfusão e a estudo do coração isolado para avaliar a função ventricular esquerda. Nível de significância adotado: 5%. Resultados: Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto ao peso corporal inicial e final, e a ingestão diária de ração. O grupo A apresentou menor concentração miocárdica de hidroperóxido lipídico e maior atividade de catalase, superóxido dismutase e glutationa peroxidase do que o grupo C. Também observamos aumento da atividade miocárdica da b-hidroxiacil coenzima-A desidrogenase, piruvato desidrogenase, citrato sintase, complexo I, complexo II e ATP sintase no grupo A, bem como menor atividade das enzimas lactato desidrogenase e fosfofructoquinase. A função sistólica foi semelhante entre os grupos, e o grupo A apresentou função diastólica pior que C. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos em relação à área de infarto do miocárdio, e expressão proteica de NF-kB total e fosforilado, e das proteínas FOXO1, SIRT1 e Nrf-2. Conclusão: apesar de melhorar o metabolismo energético e atenuar o estresse oxidativo, a suplementação de açaí não diminuiu a área infartada nem melhorou a função ventricular esquerda no modelo global de isquemia-reperfusão.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Energy Metabolism/drug effects , Euterpe/chemistry , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Disease Models, Animal , Energy Metabolism/physiologyABSTRACT
To investigate the effect of resolution components, such as Açaí oil, alcohol extract and water extract, on the temperature tendency animal behavior and intrinsic biochemical indexes, such ascyclic nucleotides and metabolic level, in mice with deficiency-heat and deficiency-cold syndrome, in order to study the characteristics of the cold and heat properties of each resolution component of Açaí and the material basis of cooling. KM mice were randomly divided into 12 groups, namely blank group, deficiency-heat model group, deficiency-heat+Açaí group, deficiency-heat+Açaí oil group, deficiency-heat+Açaí alcohol extract group, deficiency-heat+Açaí water extract group, deficiency-cold model group, deficiency-cold+Cinnamomi Cortex group, deficiency-cold+Açaí group, deficiency-cold+Açaí oil group, deficiency-cold+Açaí alcohol extract group, deficiency-cold+Açaí water extract group. The mice in deficiency-heat group were given thyroid tablet solution(160 mg·kg~(-1)), the mice in deficiency-cold group were given hydrocortisone solution(25 mg·kg~(-1)) through gastric perfusion every afternoon for 14 days, and each administration group was given the corresponding drug. The temperature tendency, cyclic nucleotides and metabolic level of animals were measured after the experiment. The Açaí alcohol extract was consistent with the Açaí powder, with a regulatory effect on the deficiency-heat model mice; Açaí oil and its water extract were consistent with Cinnamomi Cortex, with a regulatory effect on the deficiency-cold model mice. In this study, based on the parable theory of traditional Chinese medicine's properties and tastes, property of alcohol extract of Açaí was cool, while the property of oil and water extract were warm, the alcohol extract of Açaí was the material basis of Açaí cold medicine by the methods of homogeneous comparison and heterogeneous disproval.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Ethanol , Euterpe/chemistry , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Random Allocation , Temperature , WaterABSTRACT
To investigate the characteristics of the cold and heat properties of each resolution component of Açaí and the material basis of cooling by observing the effect of resolution components, such as Açaí oil, alcohol extract and water extract, on the neurotransmitter, endocrine hormone and immune factor level in mice with deficiency-heat and deficiency-cold syndrome. KM male mice were randomly divided into 12 groups, namely blank group, deficiency-heat model group, deficiency-heat+Açaí group, deficiency-heat+Açaí oil group, deficiency-heat+Açaí alcohol extract group, deficiency-heat+Açaí water extract group, deficiency-cold model group, deficiency-cold+Cinnamomi Cortex group, deficiency-cold+Açaí group, deficiency-cold+Açaí oil group, deficiency-cold+Açaí alcohol extract group, and deficiency-cold+Açaí water extract group. The mice in deficiency-heat group were given with thyroid tablet solution(160 mg·kg~(-1)), and the mice in deficiency-cold group were given with hydrocortisone solution(25 mg·kg~(-1)) by intragastric administration every afternoon for 14 days. The mice in each administration group received corresponding drug. The neurotransmitter, endocrine hormone and immune factor levels in the mice were measured after the experiment. The Açaí alcohol extract, consistent with the Açaí powder, showed a regulatory effect on the deficiency-heat model mice; Açaí oil and its water extract were consistent with Cinna-momi Cortex, showing a regulatory effect on the deficiency-cold model mice. In this study, on the basis of proving that Açaí was was cool in property, it also revealed that alcohol extract of Açaí was cool while oil and water extract were warm in property based on the effect of Açaí on neuro-endocrine-immune network. The results suggested that the medicine property of Açaí was the result of the comprehensive action of the resolution components with different properties, and the alcohol extract of Açaí was proved as the material basis of Açaí cold medicine by using the methods of homogeneous comparison and heterogeneous disproval.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Endocrine System/drug effects , Euterpe/chemistry , Hormones/metabolism , Immune System/drug effects , Immunologic Factors/metabolism , Nervous System/drug effects , Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism , Plant Extracts/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Abstract This study aimed to develop and evaluate fermented milk by Lactobacillus reuteri LR92 with addition of juçara pulp (FMJ) and reuterin production in situ. The fermentation process was analyzed for 24 hours and the storage of FMJ for 30 days at 4 °C. During the fermentation, there was consumption of 25% (w / v) of lactose and increase of 0.01 to 0.85% (w / v) of lactic acid. The FMJ presented 0.43 ± 0.01 mM of reuterin, inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus strains under in vitro test. For the carbohydrates, the percentages (g.100g-1) found were 7.31 ± 1.07; 9.19 ± 0.82; 1.60 ± 0.50 and 0.08 ± 0.00 for sucrose, lactose, galactose and fructose respectively. The survival of L. reuteri, present in FMJ, was 2.47 log CFU / mL after 6 hours of gastrointestinal simulation. In sensory analysis FMJ received a grade 7 for global acceptance indicating good acceptance of the product.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cultured Milk Products/microbiology , Functional Food/microbiology , Limosilactobacillus reuteri/metabolism , Euterpe/metabolism , Propane/metabolism , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Lactic Acid , Anti-Infective AgentsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Oral transmission of acute Chagas disease is an emerging public health concern. This study aimed to detect insect fragments in experimentally contaminated food, by comparing triatomines with other insects. METHODS: Food samples were experimentally contaminated with insects, processed to recover their fragments by light filth, and analyzed by microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Morphological differences between coleopteran and triatomine insects were observed in microscopic images. PCR was efficient in amplifying Triatominae DNA in the experimentally contaminated food. CONCLUSIONS: This methodology could be utilized by food analysts to identify possible insect contamination in food samples. (AU)
Subject(s)
Coleoptera , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Triatominae , Euterpe , Food , Foodborne DiseasesABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to test the efficiency of preservation and maceration methods for Euterpe precatoria leaflet tissue to obtain genomic DNA for molecular studies. The leaflets of E. precatoria were collected in an experimental field at Embrapa Acre, Brazil. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with 10 replicates, in a 12 × 2 factorial structure, with 12 storage treatments (fresh; lyophiliser 3 days; refrigerator 3, 5, and 7 days; silica gel 7, 10, 20, and 30 days; and transport buffer 3, 5, and 7 days) and two leaf tissue maceration methods (liquid nitrogen and the TissueLyser®). Statistically significant differences in the obtained DNA concentration were found between the maceration and storage treatments. The TissueLyser® macerator produced higher DNA concentrations when compared to liquid nitrogen. For the storage treatments, five groups were formed based on DNA concentration when macerated with the TissueLyser® and two groups when macerated with liquid nitrogen. The DNA concentrations ranged from 285.00 ng/µ L (7 days in transport buffer) to 702.00 ng/µ L (30 days in silica gel) when the leaflets were macerated with liquid nitrogen, and from 572.73 ng/µ L (30 days in silica gel) to 2,850.00 ng/µ L (3 days in lyophiliser) using the TissueLyser® macerator. The DNA purity (A260/A280 nm) varied from 1.30 to 1.70 when the leaflets were macerated with liquid nitrogen and from 1.30 to 1.90 with the TissueLyser® macerator. Despite the variations in leaf tissue preservation and DNA concentration, all treatments were effective for DNA isolation and it was possible to amplify genomic regions of microsatellite markers by PCR. It was concluded that leaflets of E. precatoria stored in a lyophiliser and processed with an automatic macerator resulted in satisfactory DNA for molecular studies.
O objetivo deste estudo foi testar a eficiência de métodos de preservação e maceração de tecidos de folíolos de Euterpe precatoria para obter DNA genômico para estudos moleculares. Os folíolos de E. precatoria foram coletados no campo experimental da Embrapa Acre, Brasil. O estudo foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 10 repetições, em esquema fatorial 12 × 2, com 12 tratamentos de armazenamento (fresco; liofilizado 3 dias; geladeira 3, 5, e 7; sílica gel 7, 10, 20 e 30 dias e tampão de transporte 3, 5 e 7 dias) e dois tipos de maceração do tecido foliar (nitrogênio líquido e TissueLyser®). Para a variável concentração de DNA houve diferença estatística entre os tipos maceração e de armazenamento. O macerador TissueLyser® apresentou maiores concentrações de DNA quando comparado ao nitrogênio líquido.Para os tipos de armazenamento verificou-se formação de cinco grupos quando macerados TissueLyser® e dois grupos quando macerados com nitrogênio líquido. As concentrações de DNA variaram de 285,00 ng/µ L (7 dias em tampão de transporte) a 702,00 ng/µ L (30 dias em sílica gel) quando maceradas com nitrogênio líquido. Quando maceradas com macerador TissueLyser® variaram de 572,73 ng/µ L (30 dias em sílica gel) a 2.850,00 ng/µ L (3 dias em liofilizador). A pureza do DNA (A260/A280 nm) variou de 1,30 a 1,70 quando os folíolos foram macerados com nitrogênio líquido e de 1,30 a 1,90 quando macerados em macerador TissueLyser®. Apesar das variações na conservação e concentração dos tecidos foliares, todos os tratamentos foram eficazes para o isolamento do DNA e amplificaram regiões de marcadores microssatélites. Concluiu-se que folíolos de E. precatoria armazenados em liofilizador e macerados com macerador automático resultaram em DNA satisfatório para estudos moleculares.
Subject(s)
DNA , EuterpeABSTRACT
O objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver uma formulação de iogurte líquido sabor açaí enriquecido com albumina e avaliar sua aceitação por meio da análise sensorial. O açaí caracteriza o produto com alto valor energético e a albumina como elevada concentração de proteínas e digestibilidade. A formulação foi definida e submetida ao teste de aceitação sensorial e ao teste de intenção de compra realizado por 81 julgadores não treinados. O iogurte obteve boa aceitação em todos os atributos avaliados, sendo que a aparência apresentou maior aceitação e a textura menor percentual em relação aos outros atributos. Conclui-se que o produto poderia ser comercializado, levando a acreditar que o desenvolvimento e aprimoramento deste novo produto seria uma boa alternativa a ser estudada por ser prático, além do sabor similar ao iogurte tradicional.
Subject(s)
Humans , Albumins , Food, Fortified , Consumer Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Euterpe , Yogurt , Food, FormulatedABSTRACT
Estudos sobre compostos bioativos com propriedades antioxidantes apontam para benefícios à saúde através de seu uso. Inseridas nesse grupo estão as antocianinas, cujos efeitos se relacionam à redução do estresse oxidativo e dependem da absorção e interação com a microbiota humana. Um ensaio com sistema modelo de iogurte observou aumento da bioacessibilidade e da capacidade antioxidante das antocianinas presentes na juçara quando a fruta participa do processo fermentativo. O presente estudo avaliou a capacidade antioxidante do iogurte adicionado de polpa de juçara. Dessa forma, o iogurte adicionado de polpa foi submetido à quantificação e identificação de antocianinas, determinação da capacidade antioxidante e análise sensorial. Verificou-se que o iogurte desse estudo possui as potencialidades dos compostos presentes na juçara.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/analysis , Anthocyanins/analysis , Euterpe/microbiology , Yogurt/analysis , Cultured Milk Products/analysisABSTRACT
Os problemas relacionados à contaminação do açaí se dão desde a sua colheita e transporte. Devem-se respeitar corretamente todas as etapas de produção. Com isso o presente trabalho tem como objetivo verificar as questões higiênico-sanitárias dos estabelecimentos que comercializam açaí no município de Bacabal MA. Foram analisados quatro estabelecimentos denominados A, B, C e D. Foi aplicado um check-list, adaptado da RDC nº 275 e da RDC nº 267 ANVISA, para avaliação efetuou-se o percentual de atendimento dos itens conforme a RDC nº 275° ANVISA. A média geral dos estabelecimentos obtiveram um resultado regular, com a média percentual de 62,8% de atendimento. Os estabelecimentos atendem a legislação segundo o quesito infraestrutura, mas quando se trata da manipulação e processamento do açaí, os mesmos não respondem a legislação vigente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Good Manufacturing Practices , Euterpe , Checklist , Food Handling/legislation & jurisprudence , Health SurveillanceABSTRACT
Falhas nas etapas do processamento do açaí afetam a qualidade da polpa. Desta forma, objetivou-se analisar a qualidade microscópica e microbiológica de polpas de açaí congeladas, comercializadas em supermercados de Teresina-PI. As amostras de açaí foram adquiridas em cincos supermercados e em seguidas foram submetidas às análises de sujidades e microbiológicas (Coliformes e Salmonella spp.). Os resultados microbiológicos indicaram que houve ausência de coliformes termotolerantes e Salmonella ssp. nas polpas de açaí analisadas. Todas as polpas analisadas apresentaram matérias estranhas tais como, fragmentos de insetos, pelo animal, filamentos de fungos, fibra sintética, fragmentos de caroço e casca e adulteração por adição de amido. Portanto, as polpas de açaí congeladas necessitam de atenção pelos órgãos fiscalizadores.