ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the characteristics of abdominal penetrating injuries with exploratory laparotomy, as well as to summarize the key points of injury degree, and to supply reasonable reference for the practice and criterion modification in forensic clinical medicine identification. METHODS Fifty-seven cases which were all abdominal penetrating injuries with exploratory laparotomy from July 1990 to February 2011 were retrospectively analyzed including the instrument causing trauma, amount of the hemoperitoneum, the organs of the injury, conclusion of the forensic indentification, and so on.@*RESULTS@#There was some correlation between the organ injury patterns, volume of hemoperitoneum and identification conclusion for the abdominal penetrating injury cases with exploratory laparotomy. CONCLUSION The intra-abdominal injury has important effect for the injury degree of the abdominal penetrating injury cases with exploratory laparotomy and should be considered in the practice and criterion modification of these kinds of cases.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Abdominal Injuries/surgery , Expert Testimony/standards , Forensic Medicine/standards , Hemoperitoneum/pathology , Injury Severity Score , Laparotomy/methods , Retrospective Studies , Wounds, Penetrating/surgery , Wounds, Stab/surgeryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#In order to improve accuracy of forensic expert conclusion and provide scientific and reasonable accordance for revising identifying criteria for the injury degree, correlation between clinical classification and injury certification of acute closed head trauma were explored.@*METHODS@#A total of 30 cases about acute closed head trauma were selected. Comparison and analysis were made about their differences and the correlation between the clinical classification and the injury degree certification.@*RESULTS@#Mild craniocerebral injury is equal to mild or moderate injury, moderate craniocerebral injury is equivalent to mild or severe injury, severe craniocerebral injury is mostly equivalent to severe injury.@*CONCLUSION@#There are some correlation between the clinical classification and the injury certification in acute closed head trauma. It is necessary to refer to the criteria of clinical classification when revising identifying criteria for the injury degree so as to enhance scientific rigor and rationality.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Brain Concussion/pathology , Expert Testimony/standards , Forensic Pathology/standards , Head Injuries, Closed/pathology , Injury Severity Score , Retrospective Studies , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/pathologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To analyze and summarize the rule of manual strangulation, as well as to look for the key points of injury identification, in order to provide information for formulating and revising the identification regulations.@*METHODS@#Twenty-one cases of manual strangulation from 1963 to 2004 in Xiangfan were reviewed and analyzed according to the characters, symptoms and appraisements.@*RESULTS@#The majority of assaulters in manual strangulation was young adult male and often could find the counteracted wounds on them. The throttling mark reaction usually could be found in victims and the cardinal symptoms were contusion in throat and asphyxiation in ocular region.@*CONCLUSION@#The degree of injuries is mainly moderate and slight. There is some inadaptability in the current regulations.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Asphyxia/pathology , Deglutition Disorders/pathology , Expert Testimony/standards , Forensic Pathology , Larynx/pathology , Neck/pathology , Neck Injuries/pathology , Pharynx/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Trauma Severity IndicesABSTRACT
Testamentary capacity is one of the civil competences, it means that a natural person enjoys the capacity or qualification to establish testament and deal with his property. Recently, the cases of testamentary capacity assessment of the mentally disordered are increasing. This article firstly introduces the concepts of the testament as well as the testamentary capacity, and then summarizes the assessment standard of the testamentary capacity, by using the Banks v. Goodfellow case as a basis to make the standard criteria including: the understanding of the nature of a will and codicil, the knowledge of the general extent of one's assets, the knowledge of the natural object of one's bounty, the understanding of the impact of the distribution of the assets of the estate, and the absence of a delusion specifically affecting the distribution of the estate. The impact factors of the testamentary capacity, including dementia, mood disorder, schizophrenia, alcohol, drug, and undue influence, etc., are summarized. Lastly, the related assessment tools such as the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Clock-Drawing Test, and the Testament Definition Scale are introduced briefly.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alcoholism/psychology , Dementia/psychology , Expert Testimony/standards , Forensic Psychiatry , Mental Competency/standards , Mental Disorders/psychology , Mental Status Schedule , Wills/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
Schizophrenia is the most common in forensic psychiatry. The motive, the style and the consequence of any schizophrene's misdeed have its own particularity. So schizophrenia is significant in the forensic practice. The characteristics of schizophrene's misdeed and the peace breaker's responsibility, competence to stand trial and to serve a sentence werereviewed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Crime/psychology , Expert Testimony/standards , Forensic Psychiatry/standards , Liability, Legal , Mental Competency/legislation & jurisprudence , SchizophreniaABSTRACT
When primary injuries caused by penetrating violence and secondary injuries by faulty medical procedures are both present, it is important to distinguish "avoidable" from "unavoidable" secondary injuries. The primary and "unavoidable" secondary injuries rather than the secondary "avoidable" injuries should be included as evidence for assessment of the degree and grade the injuries. The basic principles to assess blood accumulation after injury have been stated in the seventy-two clause of "The Assessment Criterion of Severe Human Body Injury". However, it dose not distinguish abdominal blood accumulation caused by primary penetrating wounds from that resulted from secondary medical procedures. An amendment to the clause might be necessary.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Abdominal Injuries/complications , Expert Testimony/standards , Forensic Medicine/standards , Hemoperitoneum/surgery , Injury Severity Score , Wounds, Penetrating/complicationsABSTRACT
Positional asphyxia of restraint means that when an individual was limited in an abnormal body position, asphyxia would take place owing to the disorder of spontaneous respiratory function, and finally it lead to die. So, it belongs to a special type of the mechanical asphyxia. From the cases reported, we could found that it would take place in several conditions. Because the cases were not caused enough recognition, the study has been researched carefully only in recent years. Following the more cases reported, many experts of forensic medicine had investigated it on the mechanism of death and the standard of identification, but they could not reach to agreements. So, they have changed the directions of the researches, began to value the factors of risk and research how to avoid it. In the following text, the mechanism of death, factors of risk, preventive methods, standard of identification and prospecting of positional asphyxia of restraint were reviewed.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Alcoholic Intoxication/physiopathology , Asphyxia/prevention & control , Cause of Death , Diaphragm/physiopathology , Expert Testimony/standards , Forensic Medicine , Muscle Fatigue , Posture/physiology , Respiratory Mechanics , Restraint, Physical/adverse effectsABSTRACT
We discovered that the surface area and the length of body wounds or scar can not be calculated each other in the existing standards. It may be unfair to some assessments of body surface impairment. It is necessary to raise a means to solve this problem and provide the reference for the colleague.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cicatrix/pathology , Expert Testimony/standards , Forensic Pathology/methods , Skin/pathology , Trauma Severity Indices , Wound Healing , Wounds and Injuries/pathologyABSTRACT
In recent years, mental disability estimation are more than ever in the practice of forensic psychiatric expertise. The standards about mental disability estimation in the Disability Evaluation Criteria of Traffic Accident Injury are ambiguous and difficult to operate, it cause to different understanding in one case. This article discuss some common questions through 3 aspects in mental disability expertise according to some typical cases, there are the first, we should compare the IQ score before and after injurious in intelligence estimate. The second, the mental disability estimation should be done at least one year after the end of medicine treatment. The third, mental estimate scale should be used in mental disability estimation.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Accidents, Traffic , Craniocerebral Trauma/psychology , Disability Evaluation , Expert Testimony/standards , Forensic Psychiatry/legislation & jurisprudence , Intelligence , Persons with Mental Disabilities , Wechsler ScalesABSTRACT
Physical and mental injury exist as relative aspect of human injury. They have different medicine and legal feature, as well as mutual dependence and conversion. Physical and mental injury not only present respective character in the classification, but also have difference in specific basis of rating.
Subject(s)
Humans , Depression/psychology , Expert Testimony/standards , Forensic Psychiatry , Mental Disorders/psychology , Severity of Illness Index , Wounds and Injuries/psychologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#Explore the affecting factors of mentally prisoner's competency to serve a sentence (CSS), establish the base of quantitative study of CSS.@*METHODS@#Firstly, the researchers compile a questionnaire named legal-psycho ability of competency to serve a sentence questionnaire, then the researchers scaling the object with RTHD, and ask all object complete the questionnaire. there a hypothesis, that the object who are cured in cured ward is incompetent to serve a sentence (ISS), and the other who are stay in rehabilitated ward is competent to serve a sentence (CSS).@*RESULTS@#There are 185 object admitted the study, the ISS group the CSS group have significance between psychiatric and legal aspects.@*CONCLUSION@#At the influence of psychiatric symptoms, the mentally prisoner's competency to serve a sentence had been impaired, and they should been transferred from prison to hospital.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Expert Testimony/standards , Forensic Psychiatry , Mental Competency , Mental Disorders/psychology , Mentally Ill Persons/psychology , Prisoners/psychology , Surveys and QuestionnairesSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Mammography/standards , Expert Testimony/standardsABSTRACT
Antecedentes: El creciente aumento de las demandas por mala práctica es una preocupación de los cirujanos e interfiere en el libre ejercicio de su especialidad. Objetivo: Analizar los principales factores que influyen en este problema, los inherentes al médico y los ajenos al mismo. Proponer hechos o gestos para disminuir o frenar las demandas judiciales. Marco de referencia: Comité de Asuntos Profesionales de la Asociación Argentina de Cirugía. Diseño y población: Análisis retrospectivo de las demandas contestadas desde 1982 hasta 1997. Totalizan 209 casos con progresivo aumento. Sólo el 5,7 por ciento en el fuero penal. La patología más frecuente fueron apendicitis y oblitos, a partir de 1996 la cirugía laparoscópica con 36,7 por ciento. Conclusiones: Rescatar la relación médico-paciente, correcta redacción de la historia clínica y del parte quirúrgico, no omitir el consentimiento informado, limitar el; beneficio de litigar sin gastos y poner topes a las sumas reclamadas, impulsar y motivar a las Instituciones Científicas para unirse en defensa de una profesión sin trabas o cercamientos