Análise da prevalência dos pacientes que necessitam de óculos em um Hospital Oftalmológico em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. Projeto Olhar Brasil / Analysis of the prevalence of patients in need eyeglasses in Ophthalmologic Hospital in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil: Projeto Olhar Brasil

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o projeto Olhar Brasil sob um olhar crítico, examinando a prevalência dos pacientes encaminhados para consulta oftalmológica, pós-triagem, que realmente apresentem vícios de refração não corrigidos. Métodos: Revisão de prontuários entre Março de 2014 e Agosto de 2016, totalizando 339 pacientes entre 6 e 18 anos de idade, sendo 5 pré-escolares (2 - 6 anos e 11 meses), 124 escolares (2 - 6 anos e 11 meses) e 210 adolescentes (10-20 anos) entre os quais 156 do sexo masculino e 183 do feminino , em um hospital oftalmológico em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. Resultados: No total dos 339 pacientes examinados 143 (42,1 %) necessitaram de correção e 196 (57,8%) não. Entre os 156 pacientes do sexo masculino 74 (47,4%) apresentaram necessidade de uso de óculos contra 82 (52,5%) que não precisaram, em relação ao sexo feminino os números foram de 69 (37,7%) que tiveram alteração ao exame e 114 (62,2%) que não apresentaram alterações refrativas. Em relação a faixa etária, os adolescentes, escolares, e pré-escolares apresentaram em números absolutos e porcentagem respectivamente 102 (48,5%), 40 (32,2%) e 2 (40%) de indicação de lentes corretivas. Conclusão: O projeto Olhar Brasil tem importância relevante para sociedade em geral, com diminuição da evasão escolar, melhor rendimento escolar e consequentemente da qualidade de vida dos beneficiários, embora necessite melhor treinamento e aperfeiçoamento dos profissionais da Atenção Básica em Saúde, professores do ensino fundamental e os alfabetizadores que são responsáveis pela triagem.

Abstract Objective: Measure the "Projeto Olhar Brasil" under a critic point of view, examining the prevalence of patients referred for ophthalmological appointment, post-screening, that show refractive errors uncorrected. Methods: Review of records between March 2014 and August 2016, in totality of 339 patients between 6 and 18 years old, 5 preschools (2 - 6 years and 11 months) 124 school (7 - 9 years and 11 months) and 210 teenagers (10 - 20 years old). There were 156 males and 183 females, in an Ophthalmologic Hospital in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Results: In total of 339 patients examined, 143 (42.1%) needed optical correction against 196 (57.8%) that not benefiting from the same. There were 74 (47.4%) males patients who required the use of eyeglasses, against 69 (37.7%) of females gender who obtained eyes test alterations. In relation to age, the teenagers, school and preschool showed in absolute numbers and percentage respectively 102 (48.5%), 40 (32.2%) and 2 (40%) indications of corrective lenses. Conclusion: The "Projeto Olhar Brasil" has great importance for society in general reducing the loss of students in school, improving school performance and consequently the quality of life of the beneficiaries, although it needs better training and improvement of professionals in primary health care, elementary school teachers and educators that are responsible for screening.

Spectacle compliance amongst rural secondary school children in Pune district, India.

Background: Refractive errors (RE) are the most common cause of avoidable visual impairment in children. But benefits of visual aids, which are means for correcting RE, depend on the compliance of visual aids by end users. Aim: To study the compliance of spectacle wear among rural school children in Pune district as part of the sarva siksha abhiyan (education for all scheme) after 6 - 12 months of providing free spectacles. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional follow-up study of rural secondary school children in western India. Materials and Methods: The students were examined by a team of optometrists who collected the demographic details, observed if the child was wearing the spectacles, and performed an ocular examination. The students were asked to give reasons for non-wear in a closed-ended questionnaire. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression used for data analysis. Results: Of the 2312 students who were dispensed spectacles in 2009, 1018 were re-examined in 2010. 523 students (51.4%) were female, the mean age was 12.1 years 300 (29.5%) were wearing their spectacles, 492 (68.5%) students claimed to have them at home while 211 (29.4%) reported not having them at all. Compliance of spectacle wear was positively associated to the magnitude of refractive error (P < 0.001), father's education (P = 0.016), female sex (P = 0.029) and negatively associated to the visual acuity of the better eye (P < 0.001) and area of residence (P < 0.0001). Of those that were examined and found to be myopic (N = 499), 220 (44%) wore their spectacles to examination. Factors associated with compliance to spectacle usage in the myopic population included increasing refractive error (P < 0.001), worsening visual acuity (P < 0.001), and higher academic performance (P < 0.001). The causes for not wearing spectacles were ‘lost spectacles’ 67(9.3%), ‘broken spectacles’ 125 (17.4%), ‘forgot spectacles at home’ 117 (16.3%), ‘uses spectacles sometimes’ 109 (15.2%), ‘teased about spectacles’ 142 (19.8%) and ‘do not like the spectacles’ 86 (12%). Conclusion: Spectacle compliance was poor amongst school children in rural Pune; many having significant vision loss as a result.

Óculos de baixo custo: experiência em Divinolândia (SP) / Low-price glasses: Divinolândia (SP) experience

INTRODUÇÃO: Em Divinolândia (SP), o "Consórcio de Desenvolvimento da Região de Governos de São João da Boa Vista" (CONDERG), em parceria com a Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), fundou uma óptica com finalidade de confeccionar óculos de baixo custo e distribuílos gratuitamente para seus usuários. O objetivo é avaliar a evolução e o funcionamento da óptica do CONDERG nos seus 13 anos de funcionamento. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo com dados coletados dos arquivos do CONDERG, abrangendo o período de 1988 até 2001. Foram pesquisados registros sobre quantidade de óculos confeccionados, aumento da capacidade de produção e a viabilidade de funcionamento da óptica. RESULTADOS: Em 13 anos de funcionamento ininterruptos, foram fornecidos gratuitamente 16.500 óculos. Atualmente são distribuídos 400 óculos por mês, sendo 200 pagos com verba do SUS e 200 com recursos do próprio CONDERG. CONCLUSÃO: O funcionamento da Óptica CONDERG por 13 anos, o fornecimento gratuito de 16.500 óculos e o aumento da capacidade produtiva, mostram a exequibilidade do modelo instalado.

INTRODUCTION: In Divinolândia (SP), the Consortium of Development of São João da Boa Vista Region Policy (CONDERG), in partnership with State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), has founded an eyeglass store to produce low cost glasses to distribute freely to their customers. The purpose is to analyze the evolution and working process of CONDERG eyeglass store in the last 13 years, since its foundation. METHODS: Data were collected from CONDERG store files from 1988 to 2001. Data regarding the amount of spectacles produced per year, ability to increase the production and store feasibility were analyzed. RESULTS: In 13 years, 16,500 spectacles were supplied. Currently, 400 spectacles are delivered per month, being 200 supported by SUS and the other 200 by CONDERG's own resources. CONCLUSION: The 13-year operation of CONDERG eyeglass store, the free provision of 16,500 spectacles and the increase productive ability have shown this model feasibility.

Treatment outcomes in VI nerve palsy corrected by Carlson & Jampolsky technique

PURPOSE: To study the results of Carlson & Jampolsky technique in 31 patients with VI nerve palsy. METHODS: We had 23 unilateral and 8 bilateral cases. The mean unilateral preoperative esotropia was 56.8 PD ± 24 PD (30 PD to 100 PD) and they had a mean postoperative follow-up of 14 ± 17.9 months (3 to 72). The mean bilateral preoperative esotropia deviation angle in primary position was 74.5 PD ± 20.7 PD (45 PD to 100 PD) and the mean postoperative follow-up was 14.7 ± 15.7 months (4 to 47). RESULTS: In the unilateral group, 18 patients had good results and reoperation was not necessary. Out of 5 patients who were reoperated (2 undercorrections and 3 overcorrections), 2 had to use prismatic glasses. Among the bilateral patients, 2 cases were reoperated (1 undercorrection and 1 overcorrection), and the undercorrected patient remained with esotropia (ET13 PD), and also had to use prismatic glasses. CONCLUSIONS: Carlson & Jampolsky technique was useful to treat patients with VI nerve palsy. We had low reoperation rates and, among the 7 patients who needed a second intervention, only 3 did not achieve good results.

OBJETIVO: Estudar os resultados da técnica de Carlson-Jampolsky em 31 pacientes com paralisia de VI nervo. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 23 casos unilaterais e 8 bilaterais. A média da esotropia pré-operatória em posição primária nos casos unilaterais foi de 56.8 DP ± 24 DP (30 DP a 100 DP), o seguimento dos pacientes após a cirurgia foi de 14 ± 17.9 meses (3 a 72). A média da esotropia pré-operatória em posição primária nos casos bilaterais foi de 74.5 DP ± 20.7 DP (45 DP to 100 DP), o seguimento dos pacientes após a cirurgia foi de 14.7 ± 15.7 meses (4 a 47). RESULTADOS: Entre os pacientes do grupo unilateral, 18 casos tiveram bons resultados, sem necessitar de reoperação. Entre 5 pacientes que foram reoperados (2 subcorreções e 3 supercorreções), 2 tiveram que usar óculos com adição de prismas. Entre os casos bilaterais, 2 casos foram reoperados (1 subcorreção e 1 supercorreção), o paciente que estava subcorrigido manteve após a segunda cirurgia esotropia de 13 DP, e também teve que usar correção óptica com a adição de prisma. CONCLUSÕES: A técnica de Carlson-Jampolsky foi eficaz para tratar pacientes com paralisia de VI nervo. O número de reoperações foi baixo, e entre os reoperados, apenas 3 não apresentaram bons resultados.

Patterns of detection and optical correction among ophthalmologists

OBJECTIVE: To verify age of first ophthalmic evaluation and optical prescription along with present optical correction among ophthalmologists of different age groups. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a nonprobabilistic sample (n = 578) of ophthalmologists and resident physicians using a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: The first ophthalmologic exam was undergone before age 7 for 33.3 percent of the ophthalmologists aged between 23 and 30 years, for 25.8 percent of those aged from 31 to 42 , and for 15.8 percent of those aged from 43 to 76 years (P < 0.0005). The first ophthalmologic exam was undergone at 8 to 22 years of age for 60.7 percent of the ophthalmologists aged between 23 and 30, for 54.9 percent of those aged between 31 and 42, and for 47.4 percent of those aged from 43 to 76 years of age. Use of the first optical prescription (eyeglasses) between 0 and 7 years was reported by 10.0 percent, from 8 to 20 years of age by 59.6 percent, from 21 to 40 years by 18.1 percent, and 41 years or older by 12.3 percent . Present use of optical correction was reported by 69.0 percent. Concerning type of corrective device chosen, 63.7 percent wore only eyeglasses, 29.8 percent wore eyeglasses and contact lenses, and 6.5 percent wore contact lenses only. CONCLUSION: Among the sample of opthalmologists, the first ophthalmic evaluation and corresponding optical correction usually occurred relatively late (8 to 20 years of age). However, in the younger group of ophthalmologists, there was a highly significant increase in the number of subjects who had undergone an ophthalmologic exam before age 7. Eyeglasses were reported as the correction of choice by those in all age groups.

OBJETIVO: Verificar em oftalmologistas de diferentes faixas etárias a idade do primeiro exame oftalmológico, dos primeiros óculos e tipos e correlação óptica em uso, a fim de substituir estudos sobre a evolução dos cuidados oftalmológicos nas últimas décadas. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo transversal em amostra prontamente acessível formada por oftalmologistas e residentes (n = 578), por meio da aplicação de questionário. RESULTADOS: Submeteram-se ao primeiro exame oftalmológico até os 7 anos de idade, 33,3 por cento dos oftalmologistas na faixa etária de 23 a 30 anos; 25,8 por cento na faixa etária de 31 a 42 anos e 15,8 por cento de 43 a 76 anos (teste exato de Fischer P < 0,0005). O primeiro exame oftalmológico ocorreu entre 8 e 20 anos de idade em 60,7 por cento dos oftalmologistas na faixa etária de 23 a 30 anos; 54,9 por cento na faixa etária de 31 a 42 anos e 47,4 por cento na de 43 a 76 anos. Manifestaram terem usado os primeiros óculos entre 0 e 7 anos 10,0 por cento, entre 8 e 20 anos 59,6 por cento, entre 21 e 40, 18,1 por cento; e de 41 anos ou mais, 12,3 por cento. Dos 69,0 por cento que mencionaram uso de correção óptica, 63,7 por cento usavam apenas óculos, 29,8 por cento intercalavam o uso de óculos e de lentes de contato e 6,5 por cento usavam apenas lentes de contato. CONCLUSÕES: A época do primeiro exame oftalmológico e da correção óptica ocorreu tardiamente (entre 8 e 20 anos). Porém na faixa etária mais jovem houve um aumento altamente significativo dos indivíduos submetidos a exeme oftalmológico até os 7 anos de idade. Registrou-se preferência por uso de óculos em todos os grupos etários.

Population-based study of spectacles use in southern India.

This study assessed the use of spectacles and its demographic associations in a sample representative of the population of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. A total of 11,786 subjects of all ages were sampled from 94 clusters in one urban and three rural study areas of Andhra Pradesh using stratified, random, cluster, systematic sampling. The eligible subjects underwent detailed interview and eye examination including dilated examination of the posterior segment. The data on the use of spectacles were analysed for subjects > 15 years of age. A total of 7,432 subjects > 15 years of age participated in the study of whom 1,030 (13.8%) had a refractive error of spherical equivalent +/- 3.00 Diopter or worse. The prevalence of current use of spectacles in those with spherical equivalent +/- 3.00 Diopter or worse, who were likely to be visually impaired without refractive correction, was 34.2% (95% confidence interval 30.3-38%) and of previous use of spectacles was 12.3% (95% confidence interval 10.3-14.3%). The odds of using spectacles currently were significantly higher for those with any level of education, those living in the urban area, and for those with aphakia or psuedophakia as compared with natural refractive error. Among those who had used spectacles previously, 43.8% had discontinued because they felt that either the prescription was incorrect or that the spectacles were uncomfortable, suggesting poor quality of refractive services, and another 19.6% had lost the pair and could not afford to buy another pair. These data suggest that the use of spectacles in this population by those with refractive error was not optimal. Two-thirds of those with spherical equivalent +/- 3.00 Diopter or worse were not using spectacles. Of those who had discontinued the use of spectacles, a significant proportion did so for reasons related to poor quality of refractive services. Strategies such as vision screening programmes and eye health promotion need to be implemented, the quality of refractive services monitored and the cost of spectacles regulated, if the substantial burden of visual impairment due to refractive error in this population is to be reduced.