Dr. Rodrigo Álvarez Cambras, padre de la Ortopedia en Cuba. Homenaje en su 85 aniversario / Dr. Rodrigo Alvarez Cambras, father of Orthopedics in Cuba. Tribute in his 85th anniversary

El doctor y profesor Rodrigo Álvarez Cambras constituye una de las figuras que despuntó desde los mismos inicios del triunfo de la Revolución Cubana en las ciencias ortopédicas con repercusión en las ciencias pedagógicas. El objetivo fue argumentar porqué se considera al ilustre profesor Rodrigo Álvarez Cambras, el padre de la Ortopedia y la Traumatología en Cuba en el marco de sus 85 de aniversario. Se realizó este trabajo de corte histórico mediante sus datos biográficos y teniendo en cuenta sus principales aportes como médico, pedagogo, científico y directivo, avalados por sus más de cinco décadas dedicadas por entero a las ciencias médicas y pedagógicas. Se estimula al estudio de esta figura con el propósito de valorar su trabajo en beneficio de la sociedad cubana y su contribución al desarrollo de la medicina, específicamente de la Ortopedia y Traumatología universal (AU).

Doctor and professor Rodrigo Álvarez Cambras is one of the figures who exceled in the orthopedic and pedagogical sciences from the first moments after the triumph of the Revolution. The aim of this historic work is to sustain why the illustrious professor Rodrigo Alvarez Cambras is considered the father of Orthopedics and Traumatology in Cuba in the context of his 85th anniversary. The authors review his biographical data and his main contributions as doctor, professor, scientist, and executive, all this activities endorsed by more than five decades entirely devoted to the medical and pedagogic sciences. The study of this personality is promoted with the purpose of assessing his work in benefit of Cuban society and his contribution to the development of Medicine, especially to universal Orthopedics and Traumatology (AU).

Neurological signs described at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro: connecting the past to the future / Sinais neurológicos descritos na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro: conectando o passado ao futuro

ABSTRACT The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) is one of the pillars of Brazilian Medicine and, in Neurology, has always shown prominence, with notable professors such as Antônio Austregésilo and Deolindo Couto. Historically, practitioners of the UFRJ Medical School have discovered neurological signs that, although used in medical and academic practice, have never been published. Objective Our aim was to bring these signs to the forefront so that they become properly recognized and studied. Methods We conducted our search by questioning 49 professors and physicians by e-mail about neurological signs that they remembered having had contact with at UFRJ. Results We report on the unpublished pillow sign in progressive supranuclear palsy; the Brazilian sandal sign in functional or malingering patients; the dermographism sign in acute meningitis; the reverse forearm rolling sign in functional palsies; the cycling maneuver in parkinsonian syndromes and the Sá Cavalcanti sign, a Babinski equivalent. We have also recollected the following published signs for their historical relevance: the Austregésilo sign (Antônio Austregésilo), another Babinski equivalent; the digiti quinti rolling sign in subtle palsies (Péricles Maranhão) and the digiti quinti sign in hemiplegic migraine (Maurice Vincent). These signs are easily reproduced and have potential clinical applicability, deserving to be more thoroughly studied. Conclusions Through a qualitative methodology, we have identified six original unpublished neurological signs known by the academic community, establishing the contribution of these individuals to the expansion of neurological semiology.

RESUMO A Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro é um dos pilares da Medicina brasileira. Na Neurologia sempre se destacou com notáveis professores, como Antônio Austregésilo e Deolindo Couto. Historicamente, professores da Faculdade de Medicina da UFRJ descreveram sinais neurológicos que, embora utilizados na prática médica e acadêmica, nunca foram publicados. Objetivo Fazer ressurgir sinais clínicos neurológicos nunca antes publicados, para que possam ser devidamente reconhecidos e estudados. Métodos Quarenta e nove professores e médicos foram contactados por e-mail. Dez responderam questionário semi-estruturado acerca de sinais neurológicos conhecidos pelos profissionais, porém nunca publicados. Resultados Foram relatados: 1- Sinal do Travesseiro - na Paralisia Supranuclear Progressiva; 2- Sinal da sandália- nos pacientes funcionais ou simuladores; 3- Sinal do dermografismo- nas meningites agudas da infância; 4- Sinal do rolamento reverso do antebraço- nas paralisias funcionais; 5- Manobra do pedalar- nas síndromes parkinsonianas; 6- Sinal de Sá Cavalcanti- um sucedâneo de Babinski. Revisamos também os seguintes sinais publicados, por sua relevância histórica: o sinal Austregésilo, outro sucedâneo de Babinski; sinal do rolamento do quinto dedo- nas paralisias sutis e o sinal do quinto dedo- na enxaqueca hemiplégia. Conclusão Por meio de metodologia qualitativa, identificamos seis sinais neurológicos inéditos originais. Esses sinais são de fácil reprodutibilidade e têm aplicabilidade clínica potencial, merecendo estudos adicionais.

Professor Fernando Costa ­ A Man Ahead of His Time

This article describes the milestones in the life Brazil's greatest neurosurgeons, Professor Fernando Costa. Born and raised in the city of Pelotas, RS, Professor Fernando was an exemplary doctor. As former director and professor at the Catholic University of Pelotas, School of Medicine, his courage as well as his ethical attitude and transparency were the central traits of this masterful teacher. He will be eternally remembered as a great physician, teacher, father, husband, grandfather and friend.

Personalidades destacadas de las Ciencias Médicas matanceras / Outstanding personalities of the Matanzas an Medical Sciences

RESUMEN Introducción: el desarrollo histórico de las Ciencias Médicas en la provincia de Matanzas ha estado indisolublemente unido a los profesionales de la salud que han tenido el honor de participar en la formación de las nuevas generaciones. Convirtiéndose así en protagonistas de la educación médica superior. Han transcurrido 50 años desde sus inicios en la provincia. Aunque en diversos artículos sobre el tema, se destacan nombres de algunos de sus profesores, no aparece una relación de manera organizada con el aporte de cada docente a la Educación Médica Superior en la provincia. Los autores consideran que la historia debe quedar escrita para que pueda ser consultada y conocida, y, sí en su escritura se cuenta con la presencia de sus protagonistas, adquiere entonces un carácter relevante. Objetivo: escribir este artículo ha sido el propósito del grupo de Ciencias Médicas de la Asociación de Pedagogos, que incluye además de sus nombres, una síntesis de sus principales aportes. Material y métodos: se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico y del empírico como la revisión de documentos y las entrevistas. Resultados: en este trabajo se realizó un corte hasta noviembre del año 2018, por conmemorarse en el próximo enero el 50 aniversario de la Educación Médica Superior, en Matanzas. Se presentaron los aportes de 81 personalidades con sus síntesis biográficas, todos ellos considerados profesores de alto prestigio en Matanzas. Conclusiones: se presentó las síntesis biográficas de 81 personalidades de las ciencias médicas, de alto prestigio en Matanzas para contribuir al conocimiento de la historia de la docencia médica en la provincia.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the historical development of the Medical Sciences in the province of Matanzas has been indivisibly linked to the health staff that has had the honor of participating in training the new generations of health professionals, therefore becoming protagonists of the High Medical Education. Fifty years have passed since its beginning in the province. Although the names of some of them are highlighted in several articles on the theme, there is not an organized record with the contribution of each member of the teaching staff to High Medical Education in the province. The authors considered that the history should be written for it to be consulted and known; and if history is written by the protagonists themselves, it gets a more relevant character. Objective: to write this article has been the purpose of the Medical Sciences group of the Pedagogues Association. Besides the referred professionals´ name, it includes a synthesis of their main contributions. Material and methods: there were used methods of the theoretical and the empirical level like documental review and interviews. Results: November 2018 was the last date taken into account because next January will be commemorated the 50th anniversary of high medical education in Matanzas. The contributions of 81 personalities and their biographical syntheses are presented; all of the cited personalities are considered highly prestigious professors in Matanzas. Conclusions: the biographical syntheses of 81 personalities of the medical sciences with high prestige in the province of Matanzas were presented, to contribute to the knowledge of medical teaching in the province.

Doctor Armando Amable Pancorbo Pancorbo. Figura cimera de la Docencia Médica Superior en Matanzas / Doctor Armando Amable Pancorbo Pancorbo. Crowning figure of the high medical teaching in Matanzas

El 6 de enero de 1969 se distingue en la provincia de Matanzas por ser el inicio de la docencia médica superior en la Provincia, al arribar a la misma 32 estudiantes del sexto año de la carrera de medicina, al frente de la vice dirección docente en la Provincia de Matanzas se encontraba entonces el doctor Armando Amable Pancorbo Pancorbo , especialista en Pediatría, quien entre otras funciones dirigió todo este proceso y le dedicó todos su esfuerzos, por sus cualidades humanas y revolucionarias le fueron asignadas múltiples funciones a lo largo de su vida profesional, algunas relacionadas con su especialidad, otras de más impacto en el desarrollo de la Educación Médica Superior lo cual es estimado como uno de sus mayores logros. Se considera que es esta una merecida semblanza de quien dedicó su vida a la salud pública en Matanzas y quien fuera querido y admirado por sus compañeros, por sus pacientes, por sus estudiantes y por su familia. A todos dedicó todo su amor.

January 6th 1969 is a notorious date in the province of Matanzas because high medical education began that day in the province with the arrival of 32 sixth-year students of the medicine curriculum. The teaching vice-direction in the province of Matanzas was then headed by Doctor Armando Amable Pancorbo Pancorbo, specialist in Pediatrics, who directed the starting process and devoted his efforts to it. Due to his human and revolutionary qualities, he was assigned many responsibilities through his long professional life, some of them related to his specialty and others related to the development of the high medical education, estimated as one of his highest achievements. Be this a deserved biographical sketch for a people who consecrated his life to public health in the province of Matanzas, and who was loved and admired by his coworkers, his patients, his students and by the members of his family. He devoted his love to all of them.

Profesor Doctor Aníbal Humberto Daniel Castañé Decoud: un catedrático asunceno de prolongada gestión institucional / Professor Doctor Aníbal Humberto Daniel Castañé Decoud: a paraguayan professor with prolonged institutional management

Así como la memoria institucional permite valorar hechos rescatables y evitar pasados errores, la trayectoria académica, imitando la vida misma, sobrelleva tiempos apacibles y tormentosos. En este contexto, y cercanos al centenario de nuestra Facultad y de las tradicionales Cátedras de Anatomía Normal e Histología y Embriología, fue emprendida la tarea de evocar a quienes asumieron sucesivamente la máxima responsabilidad en esta última desde 1920 hasta mediados de los 70s. De esta manera, este artículo concluye con tal saga biográfica haciendo foco en el Profesor Doctor Aníbal Humberto Daniel Castañé Decoud, el catedrático asunceno quien, merced a su desempeño académico, pudo enfrentar y superar variados desafíos durante su prolongada gestión (AU)

As well as the institutional memory allows appreciating ancient facts and avoiding past faults, the academic trajectory, as life by itself, undergoes calm and turbulent times. Within this context, and close to the centenary of our Faculty and the ensuing traditional Chairs of Normal Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, a remembrance of those professors who successively assumed the highest responsibility in the latter one from 1920 to mid-70s was carried out. In this way, this article concludes that biographic saga focusing on Professor Doctor Aníbal Humberto Daniel Castañé Decoud, the Paraguayan professor who, endowed by his academic background, could face and overcome varied challenges during his prolonged management (AU)

João Carlos Teixeira Brandão, the first Brazilian professor of Psychiatry / João Carlos Teixeira Brandão, o primeiro professor brasileiro de Psiquiatria

ABSTRACT Aim: To describe the highlights in the personal, professional, and political life of the first Brazilian Professor of Psychiatry. Methods: The article draws on a wide range of documents: newspaper articles, documents of Brazilian medical institutions, scientific articles, theses, and books. Results: João Carlos Teixeira Brandão was a distinguished 19th-century Brazilian psychiatrist and leader of the institutionalization and consolidation of the field of Psychiatry in Brazil. He contributed to the recognition of the professional jurisdiction of the "alienist", a specialized professional, qualified in clinical practice, diagnosis, and the definition of the boundaries between sanity and madness, based on scientific criteria, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Conclusion: This article highlights the key moments in the professional and political career of Professor João Carlos Teixeira Brandão, from his graduation from the Rio de Janeiro School of Medicine in 1877 to his death in 1921, when he was still active in national politics.

RESUMO Descrever os principais pontos da vida pessoal, profissional e política do primeiro professor brasileiro de Psiquiatria. Métodos: Todas as fontes de documentos - artigos de jornais, documentos das instituições médicas brasileiras, artigos médicos, teses e livros. Resultados: João Carlos Teixeira Brandão foi um ilustre psiquiatra brasileiro do século XIX e líder da institucionalização e consolidação do campo de Psiquiatria no Brasil. Contribuiu para o reconhecimento da jurisdição profissional do "alienista", um profissional especializado, qualificado em prática clínica, diagnóstico e definição dos limites entre sanidade e loucura, com base em critérios científicos, no final do século XIX e início do século XX. Conclusões: Este artigo destaca os momentos-chave da carreira profissional e política do professor João Carlos Teixeira Brandão, desde sua graduação na Faculdade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro em 1877 até sua morte em 1921, enquanto ainda atuava na política nacional.

Algunos apuntes sobre la historia de la Neurología en Santiago de Cuba / Some notes on the history of Neurology in Santiago de Cuba

Los inicios de la Neurología en Cuba se remontan a principios del siglo XIX, pero su definición como especialidad independiente se debió fundamentalmente a la intensa labor asistencial, docente e investigativa del profesor José Rafael Estrada González. Un hito importante fue la creación en 1962 del Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía. En la provincia de Santiago de Cuba los primeros neurólogos comenzaron a trabajar en la década de los 70 y a partir de 1983 se inició la docencia de posgrado. En estos años transcurridos se ha consolidado el trabajo docente, asistencial e investigativo de la especialidad, plenamente integrada a todos los programas y tareas del sistema de salud en el país.

The onset of Neurology in Cuba go back to the beginning of the XIX century, but its definition as independent specialty was mainly due to the intense assistance, educational and investigative work of professor José Rafael Estrada González. An important landmark was the creation of the Neurology and Neurosurgery Institute in 1962. In the province of Santiago de Cuba the first neurologists began to work in the 70´s and since 1983 the postgrade teaching began. During those years the educational, assistance and investigative work of the specialty has consolidated, fully integrated to all programs and tasks of the health system in the country.

Doctor Tomás Ocaña. Una trayectoria prolífica en años turbulentos / Doctor Tomás Ocaña, a prolific trajectory in turbulent years

Excediendo el contexto polémico que signó la trayectoria académica del Dr. Tomás Ocaña, este trabajo evoca su prolífica carrera en años turbulentos, preñados de divisiones y desencuentros, nada inusuales en nuestro país. Marginando cualquier improcedente apasionamiento, se considera que su paso por una Facultad y una Cátedra, próximas ambas a cumplir su Centenario, no puede ser ignorado.

Exceeding the controversial context signing Tomas Ocaña academic performance, this paper recalls his prolific career in troubled years, full of divisions and misunderstandings, nothing unusual in our country. Leaving aside any unruly passion, his passing through a Faculty and a Cathedra, both near to become centenaries, cannot be ignored.

Homenaje a los maestros Cora Mayers y Alfredo Demaría / Tribute to the teachers Cora Mayers Glehy and Alfredo Demaría Andreani

Dr. Cora Mayers Glehy, was the director of the Nursing School, head of the Department of Health Education of the General Health Office, a founding member of the Pediatric Society and Dr. Alfredo Demaría Andreani, was a prominent student leader, first sanitarian graduated in the University of John Hopkins, director of Health, professor of the Chair of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine. Both were brilliant academics of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile in the early 1930's and great achievements were expected from them by the medical and university community. These hopes and longings were destroyed when they tragically ended their lives on the morning of a Monday, January 12, 1931.

Apuntes sobre la vida y obra del Dr. Angel Arturo Aballí Arellano / Notes on the life and work of Ph.D. Angel Arturo Aballí Arellano

Angel Arturo Aballí Arellano es considerado como uno de los pediatras más importante de la historia de la medicina cubana, hasta el punto que resulta prácticamente imposible acometer la historia de esta disciplina en nuestro país, sin el estudio profundo de su vida y obra, toda ella dirigida a la defensa de los intereses de la nueva generación, al estado de salud de la niñez, y a luchar por los recursos requeridos para su atención, bienestar y felicidad. Dedicó estudios a las enfermedades diarreicas, a la desnutrición y a la tuberculosis. Para estos fines inauguró el Dispensario Antituberculoso para Niños ¨Calmette¨; el Preventorio ¨Grancher¨ para Lactantes, una sala destinada para niños tuberculosos en el Hospital La Esperanza, y más tarde el Hospital Infantil Antituberculoso, que ostenta hoy su nombre, convertido al triunfo de la Revolución en Hospital Pediátrico General (AU).

Angel Arturo Aballí Arellano is considered one of the most important pediatricians of the Cuban medicine history, up to the point that it is almost impossible to write the history of this discipline in our country without deeply studying his life and work, all of it devoted to the defense of the new generations interests, the childhood health status, and to struggle for obtaining the resources required for their attention, welfare and happiness. He studied diarrheic diseases, malnutrition and tuberculosis. With this aim he inaugurated the Anti-tuberculosis Dispensary for Children Calmette, the Grancvher Preventer for Nursing Infants, a ward for tuberculous children at the hospital La Esperanza and later the Infantile Antituberculous Hospital that today is named after him and after the triumph of the revolution became a General Pediatric Hospital (AU).