Escala da Satisfação com a decisão em saúde: instrumento adaptado e validado para língua portuguesa / Decision making satisfaction in health scale: instrument adapted and validated to portuguese / Escala de la satisfacción con las decisiones en la salud: instrumento adaptado y validado para el idioma portugués

A tomada de decisão é uma área de investigação na saúde que tem vindo a ganhar importância quer pelos modelos de parceria de cuidados que dão protagonismo ao paciente e família, quer pela preocupação crescente com a qualidade e satisfação do cliente com os cuidados disponibilizados. Assim, propusemo-nos efetuar a adaptação transcultural e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa da "The Satisfaction with Decision Scale" de Holmes-Rovner (1996), que visa avaliar a satisfação com as decisões tomadas em saúde. A amostra foi constituída por 521 estudantes da Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto. Os resultados obtidos nos testes de fiabilidade revelam uma boa consistência interna para o total dos itens (Alpha Cronbach = 0,88). O estudo psicométrico permite-nos afirmar que a versão em Português da "The Satisfaction with Decision Scale", que denominamos "Escala da Satisfação com a Decisão em Saúde", é um instrumento fidedigno e válido.

Decision making is an area of health research that has gained importance both for the partnership models of care that give prominence to the patient and family, either by growing concern about quality and customer satisfaction with the care provided. So we decided to make the cultural adaptation and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version "The Satisfaction with Decision Scale" de Holmes-Rovner (1996), which aims to assess satisfaction with the decisions taken in health. The sample consisted of 521 nursing students the School of Nursing of Porto. The results of reliability tests show good internal consistency for the total items (Alpha Cronbach = 0.88). The psychometric study allows us to state that the Portuguese version of "The Satisfaction with Decision Scale", we call "Escala da Satisfação com a Decisão em Saúde", is an instrument comparable with the original in terms of validity and reliability.

La toma de decisiones es un área de investigación en salud que ha ganado importancia tanto por los modelos de atención dirigida al paciente y su familia, como por la creciente preocupación por la calidad y satisfacción del cliente con la atención recibida. Por esta razón decidimos hacer la adaptación transcultural y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión portuguesa "The Satisfaction with Decision Scale" de Holmes-Rovner (1996), que tiene como objetivo evaluar la satisfacción con las decisiones adoptadas en materia de salud. La muestra consta de 521 estudiantes de la Escuela de Enfermería del Porto. Los resultados de las pruebas de fiabilidad muestran una buena consistencia interna para la escala total (Alpha Cronbach = 0,88). El estudio psicométrico nos permite afirmar que la versión en portugués de "The Satisfaction with Decision Scale", que nosotros llamamos "Escala da Satisfação com a Decisão em Saúde", es válida.

Dental pulp fibroblast and sex determination in controlled burial conditions / Fibroblastos de la pulpa dental y la determinación del sexo en condiciones controladas de enterramiento

The need to identify bodies that are found as a result of disappearances with a diversity of causes, illegal burials and massive disasters, represent a wide percentage of dentistry practice on forensic research. The following study determined the performance of Barr Body Test, in fibroblasts of healthy teeth, under different conditions of burial (in vitro) with variations in pH, humidity and salinity in terms of general accuracy and sensitivity for men and women. Analyzed sample considered 47 dental pulps, taken from teeth under burial conditions during a period of a month. From dental pulps samples, 265 histological cuts valid for this study, were obtained, which were observed with an optical microscope under conventional H/E staining. Results showed a 98.9% of well-diagnosed cases, which correspond to the overall accuracy of the method. Sensitivity for men was 97.5% and 100% for women, over the analyzed sample. In low humidity conditions, 3 samples of badly diagnosed cases in men were observed, with a group accuracy of a 90%, with a sensitivity of 25% for men and 100% for women. The present study establishes that based on these results, the performance of Barr Body Test in fibroblasts, proposed for healthy pulp teeth, is not affected by burial conditions in terms of pH (acid-alkaline), salinity (high-low) and high humidity.

La necesidad de identificar cuerpos que resultan como consecuencia de desapariciones de causas variadas, inhumaciones ilegales y desastres masivos representa un porcentaje amplio en el quehacer odontológico en un escenario de investigación forense. El presente estudio determinó el rendimiento de la prueba diagnóstica de observación del cuerpo de Barr en células de la pulpa de dientes sanos, sometidos a distintas condiciones de enterramiento (in vitro) con variación de pH, humedad y salinidad en términos de exactitud general y sensibilidad para hombres y mujeres. La muestra analizada consideró 47 pulpas dentales, extraídas de dientes sometidos a condiciones de enterramiento durante un mes. De las pulpas dentarias se obtuvieron 265 cortes histológicos válidos para el estudio, los cuales mediante la tinción convencional H/E, fueron observados al microscopio óptico. Los resultados arrojaron un 98,9% de casos bien diagnosticados, que correspondió a la exactitud general del método. La sensibilidad para hombres fue de 97,5% y para mujeres de 100% sobre el total de la muestra analizada. Las condiciones de pH (ácido y alcalino), salinidad (alta y baja) y alta humedad presentaron una exactitud de grupo de 100%, con una sensibilidad para hombres y mujeres de 100%. En la condición de baja humedad se observaron 3 muestras de hombres mal diagnosticadas con una exactitud de grupo de 90% y sensibilidad para hombres de 25% y para mujeres de 100%. A la luz de los resultados, el presente estudio establece que el rendimiento de la prueba diagnóstica de observación del cuerpo de Barr en fibroblastos, propuesto para pulpas de dientes sanos, no se afecta con las condiciones de enterramiento propuestas bajo pH ácido ­ alcalino, salinidad alta ­ baja y humedad alta.

Peripheral blood fibrocytes: new information to explain the dynamics of Leishmania infection

Fibrocytes are important for understanding the progression of many diseases because they are present in areas where pathogenic lesions are generated. However, the morphology of fibrocytes and their interactions with parasites are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the morphology of peripheral blood fibrocytes and their interactions with Leishmania (L.) amazonensis . Through ultrastructural analysis, we describe the details of fibrocyte morphology and how fibrocytes rapidly internalise Leishmania promastigotes. The parasites differentiated into amastigotes after 2 h in phagolysosomes and the infection was completely resolved after 72 h. Early in the infection, we found increased nitric oxide production and large lysosomes with electron-dense material. These factors may regulate the proliferation and death of the parasites. Because fibrocytes are present at the infection site and are directly involved in developing cutaneous leishmaniasis, they are targets for effective, non-toxic cell-based therapies that control and treat leishmaniasis.

Normal skin and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts differentially regulate collagen and fibronectin expression as well as mitochondrial membrane potential in response to basic fibroblast growth factor

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) regulates skin wound healing; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be defined. In the present study, we determined the effects of bFGF on the regulation of cell growth as well as collagen and fibronectin expression in fibroblasts from normal human skin and from hypertrophic scars. We then explored the involvement of mitochondria in mediating bFGF-inducedeffects on the fibroblasts. We isolated and cultivated normal and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts from tissue biopsies of patients who underwent plastic surgery for repairing hypertrophic scars. The fibroblasts were then treated with different concentrations of bFGF (ranging from 0.1 to 1000 ng/mL). The growth of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts became slower with selective inhibition of type I collagen production after exposure to bFGF. However, type III collagen expression was affected in both normal and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. Moreover, fibronectin expression in the normal fibroblasts was up-regulated after bFGF treatment. bFGF (1000 ng/mL) also induced mitochondrial depolarization in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (P < 0.01). The cellular ATP level decreased in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (P < 0.05), while it increased in the normal fibroblasts following treatment with bFGF (P < 0.01). These data suggest that bFGF has differential effects and mechanisms on fibroblasts of the normal skin and hypertrophic scars, indicating that bFGF may play a role in the early phase of skin wound healing and post-burn scar formation.

Miofibroblastoma de la mama femenina: reporte de un caso / Miofibroblastoma of the female breast: a case report

El miofibroblastoma constituye una entidad benigna de la mama de presentación muy infrecuente, que afecta principalmente la mama masculina. Su principal característica histológica es su estirpe mesenquimal caracterizada por la proliferación de células fusiformes rodeadas de colágeno y que derivan de los fibroblastos. El tratamiento principal es la cirugía, con tendencia a la preservación de la glándula sobre todo en la mujer. Presentamos el caso de una paciente femenina de 64 años de edad, con un tumor solitario, de crecimiento progresivo durante 5 años, hasta que decide solicitar asistencia médica, planteándose el diagnóstico preoperatorio de una lesión de tipo mesenquimal; la cual posterior al tratamiento quirúrgico y mediante estudios inmunohistoquímicos se confirma la presencia de un miofibroblastoma clásico, siendo estos tumores infrecuentes en la práctica clínica diaria, debiendo ser considerados al momento de hacer diagnóstico diferencial.

The miofibroblastoma is a benign tumor of the breast of very infrequent presentation that mainly affects the male breast. The main histological characteristic is the mesenchymal ancestry characterized by the proliferation of plump and spindle cells surrounded by collagen and that derive from fibroblasts. The surgery is the main treatment with preservation of the breast in female patients. We presented a case of a female patient of 64 years old, which presents a solitary tumor with progressive growth by 5 years, until she decides to ask for medical aid, considering the preoperating diagnosis of an tumor of mesenchymal type; which subsequent to the surgical treatment and confirmed by immunohistochemistry the presence of miofibroblastoma of the breast, being this finding very unusual in the clinical practice, and to be considered at the time of making differential diagnosis.

Ultraestrutura do nervo facial intratemporal em pacientes com paralisia facial idiopática: estudo de evidências de infecção viral / Intratemporal facial nerve ultrastructure in patients with idiopathic facial paralysis: viral infection evidence study

A etiologia da paralisia facial periférica idiopática (PFPI) ainda é uma incógnita, no entanto, alguns autores aventam a possibilidade de ser uma infecção viral. OBJETIVO: Analisar a ultraestrutura do nervo facial procurando evidências virais que possam nos fornecer dados etiológicos. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram estudados 20 pacientes com PFP, com graus de moderado a severo, de ambos os sexos, entre 18-60 anos, provenientes de Ambulatório de Distúrbios do Nervo Facial. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: Estudo, onze pacientes com PFPI e Controle, nove pacientes com Paralisia Facial Periférica Traumática ou Tumoral. Foram estudados fragmentos de bainha do nervo facial ou fragmentos de seus cotos, que durante a cirurgia de reparação do nervo facial, seriam desprezados ou encaminhados para estudo anatomopatológico. O tecido foi fixado em glutaraldeído 2 por cento e analisado em Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão. RESULTADO: Observamos no grupo estudo atividade celular intensa de reparação com aumento de fibras colágenas, fibroblastos com organelas desenvolvidas, isentos de partículas virais. No grupo controle esta atividade de reparação não foi evidente, mas também não foram observadas partículas virais. CONCLUSÃO: Não foram encontradas partículas virais, no entanto, houve evidências de intensa atividade de reparação ou infecção viral.

The etiology of idiopathic peripheral facial palsy (IPFP) is still uncertain; however, some authors suggest the possibility of a viral infection. AIM: to analyze the ultrastructure of the facial nerve seeking viral evidences that might provide etiological data. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 20 patients with peripheral facial palsy (PFP), with moderate to severe FP, of both genders, between 18-60 years of age, from the Clinic of Facial Nerve Disorders. The patients were broken down into two groups - Study: eleven patients with IPFP and Control: nine patients with trauma or tumor-related PFP. The fragments were obtained from the facial nerve sheath or from fragments of its stumps - which would be discarded or sent to pathology exam during the facial nerve repair surgery. The removed tissue was fixed in 2 percent glutaraldehyde, and studied under Electronic Transmission Microscopy. RESULTS: In the study group we observed an intense repair cellular activity by increased collagen fibers, fibroblasts containing developed organelles, free of viral particles. In the control group this repair activity was not evident, but no viral particles were observed. CONCLUSION: There were no viral particles, and there were evidences of intense activity of repair or viral infection.

Ultrastructural changes of the epineurial and endoneurial fibroblasts in diabetic rats

Peripheral neuropathy can be produced by several diseases, the most common of which is diabetes mellitus. Diabetic neuropathy is a degenerative complication of diabetes mellitus. It is a disease reversible with treatment and is characterized by attacks of degeneration of the peripheral nerves alternating with nerve regeneration but its mechanisms remain poorly understood. A variety of mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of peripheral diabetic neuropathy. The epineurium and the endoneurium of the peripheral nerves contain fibroblasts which form the collagen fibrils. It was recorded that theses fibroblasts showed several structural and morphological changes in different types of nerve injuries and peripheral neuropathy. Was to study the ultrastructural changes in the epineurial and endoneurial fibroblasts in diabetic neuropathy. Twelve albino rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and six control rats were used. The sciatic nerves were processed and examined using transmission electron microscope. The epineurial fibroblasts were increased in number and possessed cytoplasmic processes which were in direct contact with each other and with the epineurial mast cells stimulating these cells to release their granules with increased epineurial vascular permeability and macrophage infiltration with the release of cytokines that participate at nerve damage and others that promote nerve regeneration. The epineurial fibroblasts showed interruptions of their membranes indicating the sites of exocytosis of the newly formed collagen fibrils into the epineurium. The endoneurial fibroblasts showed branching cytoplasmic processes which may be used in the phagocytosis of the degenerated myelin in the diabetic nerves and also to separate the newly formed nerve fibers from the endoneurial edema. These fibroblasts also released ciliary neurotropic factor that improves nerve conduction and regeneration. They also showed cytoplasmic vacuoles of different sizes or shapes. Some of these vacuoles contained electron lucent substances suggested to be nerve growth factors to promote regeneration while others contained electron dense membrane suggested to be degenerated myelin. The endoneurial fibroblasts formed several parallel layers in the subperineurial space to separate the nerve fibers from the endoneurial edema. The increase in the epineurial and endoneurial fibroblasts in the diabetic nerves could be beneficial in nerve fibers regeneration

Citotoxicidad de un sellador experimental a base de trióxido mineral / Citotoxicity of a mineral trioxide based experimental root canal sealer

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la citotoxicidad no específica de un sellador endodóntico experimental a base del polvo de ProRoot (MTA) mezclado con una resina polivinílica de base acuosa como vehículo en reemplazo del agua destilada, comparándolo con un material original, mediante la técnica de extendido en agar. Para el estudio se utilizaron 18 placas de Petri conteniendo las células L-929 en agar estéril, a las que se les adicionó solución de rojo neutro. Muestras preparadas de cemento Pro Root MTA y polvo de Pro Root MTA + resina polivinílica fueron colocadas en el interior de anillos circulares de silicona. Los controles positivos consistieron en los mismos anillos de silicona con hidróxido de Na al 10 por ciento y para los controles negativos se utilizaron los anillos vacíos. Todos los anillos fueron esterilizados con luz ultravioleta. Se colocaron 4 anillos por placa, conniendo los materiales a estudiar junto con los controles y se incubaron durante 24 hs en estufa gaseada a 37ºC en atmósfera de CO2, al 5 por ciento saturada de humedad. Las placas se examinaron utilizando un microscopio de óptica invertida con ocular micrométrico y se determinó el índice de decoloración y de lisis para cada especimen. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que las muestras de Pro Root y polvo de Pro Root con una resina polivinílica presentaron el mismo nivel de citotoxicidad, ya que el área de decoloración y lisis se circunscribió a la superficie que se encontraba justo por debajo del material ensayado. En el caso del control positivo (hidróxido de sodio) el halo de decoloración y lisis superó los 6mm desde el material ensayado. El control negativo no presentó decoloración ni lisis, aún debajo de la superficie del mismo. A la luz de los resultados obtenidos con la metodología utilizada podemos concluir que el uso de una emulsión acuosa de alcoholes polivinílicos mezclado con polvo de Pro Root (MTA) no altera la citotoxicidad del material original.

Interrelationship between adipocytes and fibroblasts during acute damage to the subcutaneous adipose tissue of rats: an ultrastructural study

Ultrastructural phenotypic transitional features were noted between adult adipocytes and fibroblasts in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the dorsal pad of normal adult Wistar rats of both sexes, weighing 180-260 g, after acute injury either by the implantation of small (1.8 x 1 x 0.4 cm) perforated plastic boxes or by local heat application. Soon after the inflicted damage, fat-containing cells presented variable shapes. Early after damage, some of these cells were round, adipocyte like, with numerous and large cytoplasmic fat droplets. A few days later, fat-containing cells became elongated, with the fat droplets in their cytoplasm becoming smaller and less numerous. The cells also showed a prominent active rough endoplasmic reticulum and newly formed collagenous matrix accumulated in the interstices. Although current views consider adult adipocytes to be terminal cells, the present findings, in their time sequence, strongly suggest the transformation of adipocytes into fibroblasts after acute injury to adipose tissue.

Congenital localized multiple fibromatosis: a case report.

Clinical, histopathologic and electronmicroscopic findings in a case of congenital localized multiple fibromatosis of interscapular region are presented. This 10 year-old Japanese girl developed this lesion since she was 3 weeks old, metastases have never been observed. The histological and electron-microscopic features point to the hamartomous origin of this tumor with partial differentiation of its cells towards myofibroblasts and atypical fibroblasts. The differential diagnosis from other soft tissue tumors in infancy and early childhood is discussed.

Ultrastructural studies of mast cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, in clinically involved skin of patients with scleroderma

A hypothetical role of mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, in the pathophysiology of scleroderma has been proposed. The present study aimed at the illustration of the ultrastructural changes of these cells, in particular, in the skin of patients with scleroderma. In the following work, electron microscopic examination demonstrated a spectrum of degranulated mast cells as well as different grades of cell-activation evidenced by presence of hypodense granules with increased cytoplasmic organelles such as rough-surface endoplasmic reticulum [RER], polysome and mitochondria. The fibroblasts showed numerous dilated RER, intra and extracytoplasmic filaments. Some fibroblast - like cells were seen ingesting some mast cell granules. Evidences of endothelial injury were detected in the form of thickening and stratification of basal lamina and swollen endothelial cells

La ultraestructura del fibroblasto de la placa de la placenta humana / The ultrastructure of fibroblast of the human basal plate

Se realizó la descripción ultraestructural del fibroblasto de la placa basal de la placenta humana a término con técnicas de microscopia electrónica de transmisión. Dos condiciones de fibroblastos fueron encontradas: unos metabólicamente activos y otros degenerados. Los observados en el tejido conjuntivo superficial, debajo del sincitio, presentaron organelas bien preservadas y los localizados en las bandas de Nitabuch emvidenciaron cambios degenerativos. Se encontraron partículas de glucógeno alfa y ß en la matriz hialoplaásmica. Estos resultados indican que muchos fibroblastos mantienen, hasta el final del embrazo, su actividad de síntesis, mientras que otros sufren involución. Esto puede tener una gran importancia clínica para comprender algunos aspectos del desprendimiento placentario, debido a que las vellosidades del anclaje suelen empotrarse en el conjuntivo superficial

Adesäo de Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium e de M. fortuitum em células McCoy / Adherence capacity of M. tuberculosis, M. avium and M. fortuitum on McCoy cells line

A capacidade de adesäo do M. tuberculosis, M. avium e M. fortuitum às células da linhagem McCoy foi analisada, em intervalos de tempo predeterminados. Foram estabalecidas para o ensaio concentraçäo de 10(5) células/ml de meio de Eagle, suspensäo inoculante das micobactérias na fase logarítima e incubaçäo sob agitaçäo de 60 rpm para se evitar adesäo inespecífica. Verificou-se adesäo mais rápida e eficiente do M. fortuitum às células McCoy em relaçäo às outras duas micobactérias

Use of lectins to evaluate the effects of GaAS softlaser on dog tendon

1. Lectins labeled with colloidal gold particles were used for the ultrastructural evaluation of the biological effects of GaAs softlaserirradiation on the healing of dog tendon wounds. 2. Six dogs were submitted to tenotomy and tenorrhaphy on the right and left hind legs. All animals received laser irradiation (4J/cm²) daily for ten days only on the left leg, and the right leg of the same animal was used as control. Biopsies were taken 11, 22 and 40 days after surgery. 3. Laser-irradiated and control tendon tissues were embedded in L.R. White resin and thin section were incubated in the presence of gold-labeled Arachis hypogaea (PNA), Canavalia ensiformes (Con A) and Triticum vulgare (WGA). 4. In general, the control and laser-irradiated tissues presented homogeneous and similar labelling of heterochromatin, rough endoplasmic reticulum and extracellular matrix. 5. We conclude that GaAs softlaser irradiation does not produce significant changes in the glycosylation of healing tendons

Ultrastructural studies on interaction of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and aflatoxin B1 on chick embryo fibroblast cell culture.

Light and electron microscopic evaluation of chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell culture inoculated with graded doses (0.25, 2.5 and 25 micrograms/ml medium) of aflatoxin B1 with and without infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was undertaken. The light microscopy revealed degeneration, detachment and necrosis of fibroblasts and multiple plaques formation in IBDV infected group without and with (0.25, 2.5 micrograms) aflatoxin B1. The cultures infected with virus, with or without 25 micrograms aflatoxin B1 showed complete detachment from glass surface. Electron microscopy of these cultures showed marked pyknotic or bizarre shaped nuclei, pronounced degenerative changes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), mitochondria and the presence of multiple vacuoles in the cytoplasm. The viruses were spherical, arrayed, complete, generally closer to nuclei and RER and indistinctly membrane bound. The viruses were either localised or scattered in the cytoplasm. Cultures containing 25 micrograms aflatoxin B1 without or infected with virus showed marked necrosis of cells. In latter group only a few viruses were seen either in infected cells or free in culture. Control cultures failed to show cytopathic changes as observed in the other three groups.

Patterns of transient expression of the arenavirus nucleocapsid protein gene in transfected cells

Los genes clonados de las proteínas de nucleocápside, N, de los arenavirus Junín y LCM (choriomeningitis linfocitaria) se insertaron en el vector de expresión pKG4 regulado por el promotor tardío del virus SV40. Cuando estas construcciones se utilizaron para transfectar las líneas celulares BHK-21 (fibroblastos de hamster lactante) y CV-1 (fibroblastos de riñón de mono verde africano) se observó la expresión transiente de un polipéptido de tamaño e inmunoreactividad indistinguible de la proteína N sintetizada durante una infección viral. El análisis por inmunofluorescencia reveló un patrón de distribución intracelular semejante al observado en células infectadas. Este patrón presentó variaciones desde una tinción citoplásmica difusa hasta gránulos citoplásmicos dispersos o concentrados en la zona perinuclear. La asociación de la proteína N con gránulos basófilos es semejante a la descripta en el efecto citópático causado por los arenavirus en las células infectadas, y podría relacionarse con las características fisicoquímicas de la proteina N, que contiene numerosas secuencias de aminoácidos básicos capaces de interactuar con ácidos ribonucleicos celulares

Reticulopatías (reticulosis) versus mesenquimopatías sistémicas extraembrionarias: revisión histórica de conceptos. Cánceres mesenquimales (sarcomas) versus tumores sistémicos extraembrionarios / Extraembrionary sistemic mesenchymopathies vs reticulopathies

Se realiza una revisión histórica de la concepción del "Sistema retículo-endotelial" o "sistema retículo-histiocitario" y su aplicación a la patología que generó las llamadas "reticulopatías" y en especial las "reticulosis" (reticulopatías de causa no determinada). Se analiza la naturaleza histológica ultraestructural y embriológica del SRE y se concluye que dicha concepción está basada en erróneas interpretaciones histofisiológicas y embriológicas. El "tejido reticular, que forma el armazón de sostén de los órganos hemocitopoyéticos (bazo, ganglios linfáticoas, médula ósea parda) representa simplemente una variedad de tejido conectivo especializado asociado a un armazón extracelular de fibrillas de reticulina constituidas como las fibras colágenas por proteínas colágenas. Los estudios ultraestructurales de las "células reticulares" no han logrado mostrar evidencias de actividad macrofágica y han permitido observar formas transicionales al fibroblasto. También se ha podido demostrar la imposibilidad de que la "célula reticular" se pueda transformar en "histiocito" o "macrófago". Por otro lado, los "sinusoides" del bazo y del hígado están constituídos por verdaderos endotelios fenestrados, sin vinculación con las células reticulares. Las células de Kupffer del hígado son macrófagos originados en hemocitoblastos (células troncales hemáticas del mesénquima extraembrionario), que viven en los intersticios de los endotelios fenestrados, sin tener vinculaciones citogenéticas con los endotelios sinusoidales. Estos hallazgos han determinado que no se puede seguir admitiendo una función de "mesénquima persistente" para las células reticulares y menos que dichas células puedan generar linfocitos, histiocitos y otras células vinculadas con las que constituyen las reticulosis. La revisión embriológica permite demostrar la existencia de dos mesénquimas, uno más primitivo desarrollado en la pared del saco vitelino, el "mesénquima extraembrionario" y otro posterior, generado en la lámina intermedia del disco embrionario, el "mesénquima embrionario". El "mesénquima extraembrionario" constituirá el real origen de las células que constituyen las llamadas reticulosis. Por dicho motivo se propone reemplazar la denominación "reticulosis" por la más correcta de "mesenquimopatías extraembrionarias sistémicas". Por otra parte, el "mesénquima del disco embrionario" o "mesénquima embrionario" generarías los "sarcomas", es decir tumores mesenquimales circunscriptos que se diseminan

Aspectos morfológicos e histométricos da reparaçäo tecidual das feridas cutâneas de ratos após irradiaçäo com o laser de hélio-neônio / Morphological and histometric aspects of tissue healing of skin wounds in rats after irradiation with the helium-neon laser

O objetivo foi avaliar a reparaçäo tecidual das feridas cutâneas de ratos após irradiaçäo com o Laser de Hélio-Neônio (He-Ne). Utilizamos 18 ratos machos, da linhagem Wistar. Dividimos os animais em 3 grupos de 6 animais: G1, G2, G3. Realizamos, em cada animal, duas feridas circulares de 1 cm na regiäo dorsal, sendo uma irradiada com o Laser de He-Ne na dose diária de 2,7 Joules/10 minutos, e a outra observada como controle. No 7§, 14§ e 21 dias as feridas foram analisadas quanto aos aspectos morfológicos e histométricos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram uma epitelizaçäo e contraçäo mais precoce das feridas irradiadas. A proporçäo de fibras colágenas foi maior nas feridas irradiadas nas 3 fases estudadas. A proporçäo de fibroblastos foi maior no grupo irradiadas nas 3 fases estudadas. A proporçäo de fibroblastos foi maior no grupo irradiado apenas no 7§ P. O. Concluímos que o processo de reparaçäo evoluiu de forma mais rápida nas feridas irradiadas em relaçäo ao controle

Aspectos ultra-estruturais do músculo estriado esquelético, macrófagos e fibroblastos durante a regressäo da cauda de girinos / Ultrastructural aspects of the striated muscle, macrophages and fibroblasts during metamorphosis of the tail of tadpoles

A observaçäo da cauda de girinos totalmente desenvolvidos e no envolver de sua regressäo, ao microscópio eletrônico, permitiu constatar fibras musculares estriadas esqueletícas íntegras e fibroblastos bem desenvolvidos quando a cauda atingia o seu maior comprimento. No entanto, durante sua regressäo notamos nas fibras musculares ruptura e desorganizaçäo das miofibrilas, além de grandes gotículas de lipídios e mitocôndrias alteradas, indicando degeneraçäo celular. Durante esta última fase observamos entre as fibras musculares grande concentraçäo de macrófagos com miofibrilas no citoplasma e fibroblastos contendo no seu interior vesículas com fibrilas colágenas.