Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 5 de 5
Filter
1.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 109(1): 1-8, 02/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703649

ABSTRACT

Several genes related to the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome pathway, including those coding for proteasome subunits and conjugation enzymes, are differentially expressed during the Schistosoma mansoni life cycle. Although deubiquitinating enzymes have been reported to be negative regulators of protein ubiquitination and shown to play an important role in Ub-dependent processes, little is known about their role in S. mansoni . In this study, we analysed the Ub carboxyl-terminal hydrolase (UCHs) proteins found in the database of the parasite’s genome. An in silico ana- lysis (GeneDB and MEROPS) identified three different UCH family members in the genome, Sm UCH-L3, Sm UCH-L5 and Sm BAP-1 and a phylogenetic analysis confirmed the evolutionary conservation of the proteins. We performed quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and observed a differential expression profile for all of the investigated transcripts between the cercariae and adult worm stages. These results were corroborated by low rates of Z-Arg-Leu-Arg-Gly-Gly-AMC hydrolysis in a crude extract obtained from cercariae in parallel with high Ub conjugate levels in the same extracts. We suggest that the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in the cercaria and early schistosomulum stages is related to a decrease in 26S proteasome activity. Taken together, our data suggest that UCH family members contribute to regulating the activity of the Ub-proteasome system during the life cycle of this parasite.


Subject(s)
Animals , Endopeptidases/genetics , Schistosoma mansoni/enzymology , Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/genetics , Cercaria/enzymology , Cercaria/genetics , Conserved Sequence/genetics , Evolution, Molecular , Gene Expression , Genome, Helminth/genetics , Genome/genetics , Life Cycle Stages/genetics , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Sequence Alignment , Schistosoma mansoni/genetics , Schistosoma mansoni/growth & development , Transcriptome/physiology , Transcytosis/physiology , Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/classification , Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases/genetics , Ubiquitination/physiology
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 106(7): 785-793, Nov. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-606640

ABSTRACT

Genome sequences for Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni are now available. The schistosome genome encodes ~13,000 protein encoding genes for which the function of only a minority is understood. There is a valuable role for transgenesis in functional genomic investigations of these new schistosome gene sequences. In gain-of-function approaches, transgenesis can lead to integration of transgenes into the schistosome genome which can facilitate insertional mutagenesis screens. By contrast, transgene driven, vector-based RNA interference (RNAi) offers powerful loss-of-function manipulations. Our laboratory has focused on development of tools to facilitate schistosome transgenesis. We have investigated the utility of retroviruses and transposons to transduce schistosomes. Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG) pseudotyped murine leukemia virus (MLV) can transduce developmental stages of S. mansoni including eggs. We have also observed that the piggyBac transposon is transpositionally active in schistosomes. Approaches with both VSVG-MLV and piggyBac have resulted in somatic transgenesis and have lead to integration of active reporter transgenes into schistosome chromosomes. These findings provided the first reports of integration of reporter transgenes into schistosome chromosomes. Experience with these systems is reviewed herewith, along with findings with transgene mediated RNAi and germ line transgenesis, in addition to pioneering and earlier reports of gene manipulation for schistosomes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Gene Transfer Techniques , Genome, Helminth/genetics , Schistosoma japonicum/genetics , Schistosoma mansoni/genetics , Animals, Genetically Modified , Chromosomes/genetics , Chromosomes/virology , DNA Transposable Elements , DNA, Helminth/genetics , DNA, Viral/genetics , DNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Genetic Vectors , Leukemia Virus, Murine/genetics , Leukemia Virus, Murine/isolation & purification , Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics , Membrane Glycoproteins/isolation & purification , RNA Interference , Schistosoma japonicum/virology , Schistosoma mansoni/virology , Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics , Viral Envelope Proteins/isolation & purification
3.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 83(2): 673-694, June 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-589923

ABSTRACT

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were recently given much higher attention due to technical advances in sequencing which expanded the characterization of transcriptomes in different organisms. ncRNAs have different lengths (22 nt to >1, 000 nt) and mechanisms of action that essentially comprise a sophisticated gene expression regulation network. Recent publication of schistosome genomes and transcriptomes has increased the description and characterization of a large number of parasite genes. Here we review the number of predicted genes and the coverage of genomic bases in face of the public ESTs dataset available, including a critical appraisal of the evidence and characterization of ncRNAs in schistosomes. We show expression data for ncRNAs in Schistosoma mansoni. We analyze three different microarray experiment datasets: (1) adult worms' large-scale expression measurements; (2) differentially expressed S. mansoni genes regulated by a human cytokine (TNF-α) in a parasite culture; and (3) a stage-specific expression of ncRNAs. All these data point to ncRNAs involved in different biological processes and physiological responses that suggest functionality of these new players in the parasite's biology. Exploring this world is a challenge for the scientists under a new molecular perspective of host-parasite interactions and parasite development.


RNAs não codificadores (ncRNAs) têm sido recentemente objeto de atenção muito maior devido aos avanços técnicos no sequenciamento que expandiram a caracterização dos transcritomas em diferentes organismos. ncRNAs possuem diferentes comprimentos (22 nt a >1.000 nt) e mecanismos de ação que essencialmente compreendem uma sofisticada rede de regulação de expressão gênica. A publicação recente dos genomas e transcritomas dos esquistossomos aumentou a descrição e caracterização de um grande número de genes do parasita. Aqui nós revisamos o número de genes preditos e a cobertura das bases do genoma em face dos ESTs públicos disponíveis, incluindo uma avaliação crítica da evidência e caracterização de ncRNAs em esquistossomos. Nós mostramos dados de expressão de ncRNAs em Schistosoma mansoni. Nós analisamos três conjuntos diferentes de dados de experimentos com microarranjos: (1) medidas de expressão em larga escala de vermes adultos; (2) genes diferencialmente expressos de S. mansoni regulados por uma citocina humana (TNF-α) no parasita em cultura; e (3) expressão estágio-especifica de ncRNAs. Todos estes dados apontam para ncRNAs envolvidos em diferentes processos biológicos e respostas fisiológicas que sugerem funcionalidade destes novos personagens na biologia do parasita. Explorar este mundo é um desafio para os cientistas sob uma nova perspectiva molecular da interação parasita-hospedeiro e do desenvolvimento do parasita.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Genome, Helminth/genetics , RNA, Helminth/genetics , RNA, Untranslated/genetics , Schistosoma japonicum/genetics , Schistosoma mansoni/genetics , Expressed Sequence Tags
4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 101(5): 565-571, Aug. 2006. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-437044

ABSTRACT

Schistosomes have a comparatively large genome, estimated for Schistosoma mansoni to be about 270 megabase pairs (haploid genome). Recent findings have shown that mobile genetic elements constitute significant proportions of the genomes of S. mansoni and S. japonicum. Much less information is available on the genome of the third major human schistosome, S. haematobium. In order to investigate the possible evolutionary origins of the S. mansoni long terminal repeat retrotransposons Boudicca and Sinbad, several genomes were searched by Southern blot for the presence of these retrotransposons. These included three species of schistosomes, S. mansoni, S. japonicum, and S. haematobium, and three related platyhelminth genomes, the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fascioloides magna and the planarian, Dugesia dorotocephala. In addition, Homo sapiens and three snail host genomes, Biomphalaria glabrata, Oncomelania hupensis, and Bulinus truncatus, were examined for possible indications of a horizontal origin for these retrotransposons. Southern hybridization analysis indicated that both Boudicca and Sinbad were present in the genome of S. haematobium. Furthermore, low stringency Southern hybridization analyses suggested that a Boudicca-like retrotransposon was present in the genome of B. truncatus, the snail host of S. haematobium.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , DNA, Helminth/analysis , Genome, Helminth/genetics , Retroelements/genetics , Schistosoma/genetics , Blotting, Southern , Biomphalaria/genetics , Bulinus/genetics , Schistosoma haematobium/genetics
5.
Salvador; s.n; 2004. 66 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-559177

ABSTRACT

Estudos prévios têm mostrado que a infecção pelo HTLV-I pode resultar em uma ativação e proliferação linfocitária, e uma exacerbada resposta imune Th1 com níveis altos de IFN-y. A infecção por helmintos está relacionada com produção de IgE e citocinas com um perfil Th2. Neste trabalho foi caracterizada a resposta imune de portadores de HTLV-1 e de pacientes com mielopatia asssociada ao HTLV-1 e a influência da infecção pelo HTLV-I no curso clínico e na resposta imune de pacientes com estrongiloidíase e esquistossomos. Adcionalmente, foi avaliada a influência da infecção por he1mintos na resposta imune (determinação de citocinas em sobrenadante e análise por FACS) e na carga proviral de indivíduos infectados pelo HTLV-I. Foi observado que indivíduos com mielopatia apresentaram níveis de citocinas pro-inflamatórias, especificamente o IFN-y, bem mais altos do que portadores assintomáticos, porém neste último grupo houve uma variação nestes níveis e 40% destes indivíduos tiveram níveis semelhantes aos pacientes com mielopatia. Além disso, os pacientes com mielopatia apresentaram maior proliferação linfocitária e maior freqüência de células T CD8+. Quando foi avaliada a influência do HTLV-1 na resposta imune ao S. stercoralis, foi documentado que pacientes com estrongiloidíase quando co-infectados pelo HTLV-1 apresentaram níveis mais baixos de IL-5, IL-13 e níveis mais altos de IFN-y do que pacientes que apresentavam somente estrongiloidíase. Estes achados podem justificar o fato de que pacientes co-infectados pelo HTLV-1 e S. stercoralis desenvolvam formas disseminadas da doença e menor resposta terapêutica a drogas anti-helmínticas. Achados imunológicos semelhantes foram observados em relação à co-infecção com HTLV-1 e S. mansoni. Os pacientes dualmente infectados pelo HTLV-1 e S. mansoni produziram mais IFN-y e menos IL-5, IL-10 e IgE específica para S. mansoni do que pacientes apenas com infecção pelo S. mansoni. A despeito de pacientes com HTLV-1 e...


Subject(s)
Humans , Genome, Helminth/genetics , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/immunology , Schistosoma mansoni/parasitology , Strongyloides stercoralis/parasitology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/metabolism
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL