Independent and synergistic activity of the flavonoids of Gracilaria corticata as promising antidiabetic agents

The therapeutic approaches for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus rely most on the usage of oral hypoglycaemic drugs. These drugs have adverse side effects and hence alternative medicines are continuously explored. The present study intends to investigate the antidiabetic potential of the flavonoids present in Gracilaria corticata. The flavonoids were isolated (FEGC) and their inhibitory activity on the carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase was analysed. The flavonoids were found to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 302 µg and 75 µg respectively. The synergistic effect of FEGC and luteolin was also investigated and the results show that both FEGC and luteolin inhibited synergistically at half their IC50 values. The observations of this study reveal that the flavonoids of G. corticata have potential antidiabetic activity and can act independently or synergistically in the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Agentes farmacológicos actuales en el tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus no Insulinodependiente / Present pharmacological agents in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes

Se plantea que debido a la heterogeneidad patogénica de la diabetes mellitus no insulino, se debe considerar que diferentes agentes farmacológicos serán necesarios para tratar con éxito la enfermedad, por lo cual se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de las líneas de tratamiento actuales y en perspectivas para esta compleja entidad. Las modalidades terpéuticas actuales incluyen 5 grupos de agentes esenciales: los inhibidores de las alfaglucosidasas intestinales, las sulfonilureas, las biguanidas, la insulina y el recién incorporado grupo de las tiazolidinedionas, que si se utilizan en los comienzos de la enfermedad o en pacientes con resistencia insulínica, pudieran retrasar o prevenir el desarrollo de ésta, y pueden interferir en la reducción progresiva de la función pancreática. Se expone un grupo importante de agentes farmacológicos, así como sus posibles mecanismos de acción, sobre los cuales se ha estado investigando, para ampliar e incrementar la terapéutica de la diabetes, entre los que se encuentran los análogos de la insulina, los agentes insulinomiméticos y los preparados orales de insulina, los agentes insulinotrópicos no sulfonilureas, los análogos de la amilina, los péptidos similares al glucagón, los antagonistas alfa-2 adrenérgicos, los moduladores del metabolismo de la glucosa y algunas sustancias de origen vegetal con posibles efectos hipoglucémicos

Effects of tunicamycin on the pH-activity pattern of acid phosphatase in Pseudomonas pseudomallei.

The liquid culture of Pseudomonas pseudomallei shows a complex feature in in the pH-activity pattern of acid phosphatase, not a single peak curve. There was an evident tendency that the higher activity shifted to the higher pH range with the growth of culture. The culture in the presence of tunicamycin (20 micrograms/ml) showed a decreased activity selectively in the higher pH range, while the activity in the lower pH was more heat-labile. The bacterial cells grown on agar plates containing tunicamycin were more heat-labile than the untreated control cells. The glucosidase-treatment reduced the enzymatic activity (of the phosphatase-active fractions from the living cells) with the shift of the optimum pH to lower pH. These observations together with some collateral findings suggest that the pH-activity pattern of acid phosphatase in P. pseudomallei is associated with the development of precursor enzyme proteins to mature glycoproteins.