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1.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 4(4): 283-289, oct. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-640611

ABSTRACT

The endemic goiter, nutritional collective problem due to iodine deficience, constitutes a chronic disease with easy prevention and control, nevertheless still it constitutes a serious problem of public world health, being thought that about 650 million persons have goiter, 43 millions suffer from endemic cretinism and 1570 millions are in risk of suffering this disease for living in areas that present a deficit of iodine. Both patterns, deficit and the excess of iodine can conducted to a thyroid disease. The relation between the ingestion of iodine and the risk of disease corresponds to a U curve, where both, the low one and high ingestion of iodine it is associate to high risk of thyroid disease. To have a program of iodine supplementation, it should imply a constant vigilance of iodine nutrition to see its effect on the goiter prevalence in the population, to control his degree of fulfillment, to avoid a possible excess of ingestion of iodine it might help to correct any precocious alteration. Endemic goiter is not longer a problem in Chile. Salt iodination is in agreement with present legislation, but it is very important to have a continuous surveillance of iodine nutrition in Chile to control if salt fortification is appropiate.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Goiter, Endemic/epidemiology , Goiter, Endemic/prevention & control , School Health Services , Iodine/administration & dosage , Goiter, Endemic/drug therapy , Chile , Iodine Deficiency , Latin America , Sex Distribution , Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/epidemiology , Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/chemically induced , Iodine/urine
2.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 51(6): 1007-1012, ago. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-464295

ABSTRACT

A doença nodular tiroidiana é problema clínico comum, principalmente em regiões com carência de iodo. Esse estudo avaliou a eficácia da injeção percutânea de etanol (IPE) no tratamento de nódulos tiroidianos únicos, múltiplos, sólidos, císticos, de diferentes tamanhos com ou sem disfunção glandular, em região endêmica de bócio. Quarenta e dois pacientes com diagnóstico de bócio colóide ou hiperplasia nodular colóide, na punção biópsia aspirativa por agulha fina (PBAAF), foram selecionados para análise após terem sido submetidos a pelo menos duas IPEs. Os nódulos tiroidianos eram múltiplos (sólidos e ou císticos) em 52,4 por cento dos pacientes, únicos e sólidos ou mistos em 35,7 por cento e únicos e císticos em 11,9 por cento. A redução média dos nódulos após injeção de etanol foi de 58,2 por cento para os únicos e 60,8 por cento nos císticos. Nos nódulos múltiplos, avaliou-se a redução de todo o lobo tiroidiano, alcançando 52,4 por cento de redução. Os efeitos colaterais registrados foram decorrentes apenas do desconforto na aplicação. Este estudo indica que a injeção percutânea de etanol (IPE), alcançando reduções médias de volume que variam de 49 a 60 por cento, é método seguro, eficaz e simples para o tratamento de nódulos tiroidianos benignos.


Thyroid nodular disease is a common clinical disorder mainly in iodine lacking regions. This study has evaluated the effectiveness of percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in the treatment of single, multiple, solid, and cystic thyroid nodules of different sizes with or without glandular dysfunction, in goiter endemic region. Forty-two patients with diagnosis of colloid goiter or colloid nodular hyperplasia in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) were selected for analysis, after having been submitted to at least two PEI. Thyroid nodules were multiple (solid and or cystic) in 52.4 percent of the patients, single and solid or mixed in 35.7 percent, and single and cystic in 11.9 percent. The mean reduction of nodules after ethanol injection was of 58.2 percent in the single and of 60.8 percent in the cystic ones. The reduction of the whole thyroid lobe was evaluated in the multiple nodules and it reached 52.4 percent. The side-effects were registered only as a consequence of the application discomfort. This study points out that the percutaneous ethanol injection reaching volume mean reductions, varying from 49 percent to 60 percent, is a safe, effective, and simple method for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ethanol/therapeutic use , Goiter, Endemic/drug therapy , Goiter, Nodular/drug therapy , Solvents/therapeutic use , Thyroid Nodule/drug therapy , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Injections, Intralesional , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography, Interventional
3.
Indian J Public Health ; 1998 Jul-Sep; 42(3): 75-80
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-110330

ABSTRACT

Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) is a major public health problem. Surveys conducted by the National Goitre Survey team of the Directorate General of Health Services during the past three decades have revealed a high prevalence of endemic goitre in different states. Out of a total of 267 districts surveyed till date, 226 have been reported to be endemic to iodine deficiency. A successful measure for the prevention of IDD is salt iodisation. The Salt department, Government of India has taken an intensive programme of production of iodised salt in the country. The production has increased from 1.5 lakh metric tonnes in 1984 to 40 lakh metric tonnes in 1996. To assess the impact of increased production of iodised salt on the availability of iodised salt at the beneficiary and trader level and also on the status of iodine deficiency, surveys were undertaken in selected districts of 10 states and 2 union territories of the country. These studies have been presented and discussed here.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Goiter, Endemic/drug therapy , Humans , India/epidemiology , Iodine/administration & dosage , Sodium Chloride, Dietary/analysis
4.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 40(2): 133-41, jun. 1996. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-180137

ABSTRACT

A vida e a obra de Francisco Freire-Allemao médico e botânico brasileiro (1797-1874) foram resumidas neste trabalho de pesquisa histórica, com ênfase especial à tese de doutoramento defendida pelo biografado na Faculdade de Medicina de Paris em 1831, sob o título "Dissertation sur le goître". Para melhor compreensao dos temas desenvolvidos na tese, descrevem-se os eventos que levaram à descoberta do iodo por Courtois e os esforços dos químicos para isolar o halogênio de algas e esponjas marinhas. Menciona-se, a seguir, a terapêutica de bócio com preparaçoes iódicas por Coindet. As viagens de cientistas europeus à America do Sul adicionaram novos conhecimentos da relaçao entre falta de iodo e prevalência de bócio. Boussingault em 1831 argumenta que o sal contendo iodo parece proteger a populaçao contra o flagelo do bócio e suas conseqüências. A análise da tese de Freire-Allemao indica que o autor procurou compilar todos os conhecimentos da época sobre o bócio. Acaba concordando com Boussingault que existe relaçao entre o iodo e a presença de bócio, observando que populaçoes de Minas Gerais que consomem sal de minas de sal nao apresentam bócio, enquanto que os habitantes que usam o sal marinho com freqüência, sao portadores de bócio. Na parte final de sua tese, Freire-Allemao advogam introduçao de iodo para toda a populaçao afetada com bócio, como medida de saúde pública, idéia esta bastante arrojada e seguramente pioneira no início do século XIX. Por sua visao e percepçao do grave problema das doenças devidas a carência de iodo é que podemos considerar Freire-Allemao como pioneiro na avaliaçao desta endemia em nosso país.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , Goiter, Endemic/history , Iodine/history , Goiter, Endemic/prevention & control , Goiter, Endemic/drug therapy , Brazil , Iodine/therapeutic use
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