Medicina Traslacional en el Perú, generación de políticas y mejoras basadas en la evidencia / Translational medicine in Peru, policy making and evidence-based improvement

Introducción: la investigación traslacional es una rama de la ciencia de reciente creación, su objetivo principal es la aplicación del conocimiento que se genera de las investigaciones, que no quede formando parte de la literatura gris, en el papel o para unos pocos, sino que pueda servir a la mayor cantidad posible de individuos y/o poblaciones. Objetivo: determinar los avances que se han dado a lo largo de los últimos años en la aplicación de la medicina traslacional en Perú. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda por conveniencia en bases de datos (Google Scholar, Pubmed). Se han brindado ejemplos de cómo la investigación traslacional en Perú puede aportar en gran medida a la mejora de realidades y problemáticas específicas, esto refuerza la necesidad de que las decisiones políticas deben basarse en la medicina basada en la evidencia. Resultados: la medicina traslacional en Perú enfrenta muchas dificultades, como lo son los recursos limitados, tiempo escaso para implementar la investigación formativa, carencia de modelos pedagógicos actualizados, docentes preparados en escuelas antiguas y con capacidad limitada para la educación médica continua; obstáculos que deben de superarse para poder asegurar que la ciencia -y por ende la sociedad- progresen. Conclusiones: en Perú, el avance de la medicina traslacional ha derivado en la generación de personal de salud más capacitado que ha proporcionado los medios para el desarrollo de múltiples políticas públicas. Dichas políticas en muchos casos han terminado plasmadas en normas, reglamentos y hasta leyes en el país(AU)

Introduction: translational research is a branch of science of recent creation. Its main aim is the application of the knowledge generated by research so that it will not become grey literature printed on paper or for the use of a chosen few, but serve as many people and/or populations as possible. Objective: determine the progress made in recent years in the application of translational medicine in Peru. Methods: a convenience search was conducted in the databases Google Scholar and PubMed. Examples are offered of the way in which translational research may greatly contribute to improve specific realities and problems in Peru. This reinforces the need that political decisions be based on evidence-based medicine. Results: translational medicine is faced with many difficulties in Peru, such as limited resources, scant time to implement training research, lack of updated pedagogical models, and teachers trained in old schools and with a limited capacity for continuing medical education. These hurdles should be overcome to ensure the progress of science and therefore of society as well. Conclusions: progress of translational medicine in Peru has resulted in the training of more skilled health personnel, providing the means for the development of multiple public policies. In many cases those policies have been included in standards, regulations and even laws in the country(AU)

Estrategias de comunicación para impactar conductas (COMBI) en enfermedades vectoriales en América Latina / Communication strategies for Behavioral Impact (COMBI) in vector diseases in Latin America

Resumen Introducción: Las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores -ETV- están determinadas por una compleja dinámica de factores medioambientales y sociales, estrategias de control han encaminado históricamente conocimiento biológico sobre el vector. Experiencias mundiales muestran que el cambio del comportamiento de las personas es crucial para la prevención de estas enfermedades. La OMS, promovió la metodología COMBI (Communication for Behavioural Impact) para la planificación de acciones de comunicación y movilización social. Objetivo: Compilar las experiencias de implementación de estrategia COMBI en América Latina para identificar fortalezas, amenazas y oportunidades de mejora de la metodología como herramienta para la mitigación de ETV. Materiales y métodos: Revisión teórica tipo monografía, se incluyeron artículos y documentos indexados, documentos técnicos y literatura gris. Resultados: La integración de la estrategia COMBI a los planes de salud pública permite la disminución de la frecuencia, magnitud y gravedad de los brotes y epidemias de las ETV en América Latina. Colombia es uno de los países que ha sistematizado las experiencias y los resultados de la implementación de la estrategia COMBI, lo que le permite a la región tener más argumentos para promover la estrategia. Conclusiones: El cumplimiento de los objetivos conductuales, la integración de equipos multidisciplinarios, la investigación formativa, la movilización comunitaria y la abogacía son fortalezas que se evidencian en la implementación de la estrategia COMBI en América latina, y la falta de voluntad política y el cambio constante de personal inciden directamente en el éxito de la estrategia en la región.

Abstract Introduction: Vector-borne diseases are determined by a complex dynamic of environmental and social factors; their control strategies have been historically directed by biological knowledge about the vector. Global experiences have shown that behavioral changes in people are a crucial element for the prevention of these diseases. The World Health Organization promoted the COMBI methodology (Communication for Behavioral Impact) to plan communication and social mobilization actions. Objective: To compile the experiences about the implementation of the COMBI strategy in Latin America in order to identify the strengths, threats, and opportunities for improving this methodology as a tool for vector-borne disease mitigation. Materials and methods: A theoretical-type monograph review was done. The materials included articles, index and technical documents, and grey literature. Results: In Latin America, the integration of the COMBI strategy into public health plans allows the reduction of the frequency, magnitude, and severity of outbreaks and epidemics of vector-borne diseases. Colombia is one of the countries that has systematized the experiences and results of the implementation of the COMBI methodology, allowing the region to have more arguments to promote the strategy. Conclusions: The accomplishment of the behavioral objectives, the integration of multidisciplinary teams, formative research, community mobilization, and advocacy are strengths that are evident in the implementation of the COMBI strategy in the Americas' region. On the other hand, the lack of political will and the constant change of personnel directly affect the success of the methodology in the territory.

Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis in Saudi Arabia: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract Objective: To identify the prevalence of dental fluorosis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods: Literature search for the present study aimed to include all the relevant studies conducted in Saudi Arabia that reported prevalence of dental fluorosis. A literature search was done using keywords (dental, fluorosis, prevalence) using three databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science). Grey literature was also searched using Google Scholar and research gate. Literature was searched from 1939 till April 2020. The risk of bias was reported using JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. Twelve studies were included based on inclusive criteria. The only inclusive criteria were studies that were conducted among people living in Saudi Arabia, and studies that reported the prevalence of dental fluorosis. Samples from all age groups that reported prevalence of dental fluorosis were included. MedCalc statistical software was used to perform the analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of dental fluorosis was found to be 46.52%, 95 CI (26.52% to 67.12%). I2 value was reported 99.8%, 95 CI (99.78% to 99.83%), indicating high heterogeneity amongst the finding of studies. Funnel plots indicate the presence of a strong publication bias. Overall, we found some contrasting findings. One study reported prevalence of dental fluorosis as 0% and other with a comparatively large sample size found dental fluorosis to be 90.6%. Conclusion: The present study adds to the literature regarding dental fluorosis in Saudi Arabia by providing an overview of its prevalence. It is concluded that prevalence of dental fluorosis was a bit high. However, findings indicate publication bias. We did not account for severity of dental fluorosis. All the available data was analyzed to measure dental fluorosis prevalence without considering the sample size and sampling technique.

Análise da produção científica sobre jogos eletrônicos disponíveis nos portais SCIELO, LILACS e portal de periódicos da CAPES / Analysis of scientific production on electronic games available in portals scielo, LILACS and portal of periodicals of CAPES

O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar a produção científica sobre jogos eletrônicos disponíveis nos portais Scielo, Lilacs e Portal de Periódicos da Capes. Identificando as temáticas, os locais de publicações, o estrato dos periódicos pelo sistema Qualis e os autores e instituições com mais manuscritos. Como resultado foram encontrados 57 artigos em 44 periódicos. As revistas com maior número de publicação são RBCE e Psicopedagógica. Há um leve predomínio de autores com formação em Educação Física, seguidos de Psicologia e Fisioterapia. Destaca-se a heterogeneidade interpretativa do objeto, perpassando por reflexões desde aspectos relacionadas à saúde dos jogadores até reflexões filosóficas sobre o uso dos videogames e dos jogos eletrônicos. As discussões mais presentes são sobre saúde, escola, lazer e comportamentos, o que demonstra uma diversidade epistemológica nas produções científicas.

The present article had as objective to analyze the scientific production on electronic games available in the portals Scielo, Lilacs and Portal of Periodicals of Capes. Identifying the themes, the places of publications, the stratum of journals by the Qualis system and the authors and institutions with more manuscripts. As a result, 57 articles were found in 44 journals. The journals with the highest number of publications are RBCE and Psicopedagógica. There is a slight predominance of authors with degree in Physical Education, followed by Psychology and Physiotherapy. The interpretive heterogeneity of the object is emphasized, ranging from reflections from aspects related to players' health to philosophical reflections on the use of videogames and electronic games. The most present discussions are about health, school, leisure and behaviors, which demonstrates an epistemological diversity in scientific productions.

La literatura gris y su contribución a la sociedad del conocimiento / Gray literature and its contribution to the knowledge society

A través de un resumen histórico de la evolución de la Literatura Gris en el último siglo se intenta demostrar su contribuición para la Sociedad del Conocimiento. En primer lugar se presentan algunas definiciones de Literatura Gris de autores reconocidos y despues se destacan las etapas de su desarrollo, desde el início del siglo XX hasta los dias actuales. También son mencionadas algunas instituciones que han cumplido un papel importante en la administración de ese tipo de literatura, sin olvidar algunas instituciones de importancia en la América Latina y el Caribe