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1.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.);41(4): 280-288, July-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011515

ABSTRACT

Objective: The incidence rate of major depression in adolescents reaches approximately 14%. This disorder is usually recurrent, without remission of symptoms even after pharmacological treatment, and persists throughout adult life. Since the effects of antidepressants take approximately 2 weeks to begin, new pharmacological therapies are under continuous exploration. Recent evidence suggests that psychedelics could produce rapid antidepressant effects. In this study, we evaluated the potential antidepressant effects of ayahuasca in a juvenile non-human primate model of depression. Methods: While living with their families, juvenile marmosets (8 males; 7 females) were observed on alternate days for four weeks during a baseline phase. This was followed by 8 weeks of an induced depressive state protocol, the social isolated context (IC), in which the animals were monitored in the first and last weeks. Subsequently, five males and four females were randomly selected for treatment, first with a single administration of saline vehicle (1.67 mL/300 g of body weight, via gavage), followed by a single dose of ayahuasca (1.67 mL/300 g of body weight, via gavage). Both phases lasted 1 week and the animals were monitored daily. A third week of sampling was called the tardive-pharmacological effects phase. In all phases the marmosets were assessed for behavior, fecal cortisol levels, and body weight. Results: After IC, the animals presented typical hypocortisolemia, but cortisol recovered to baseline levels 24 h after an acute dose of ayahuasca; this recovery was not observed in vehicle-treated animals. Additionally, in males, ayahuasca, but not the vehicle, reduced scratching, a stereotypic behavior, and increased feeding. Ayahuasca treatment also improved body weight to baseline levels in both sexes. The ayahuasca-induced behavioral response had long-term effects (14 days). Thus, in this translational juvenile animal model of depression, ayahuasca presented beneficial effects. Conclusions: These results can contribute to the validation of ayahuasca as an antidepressant drug and encourage new studies on psychedelic drugs as a tool for treating mood disorders, including for adolescents with early-onset depression.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Banisteriopsis , Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy , Hallucinogens/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage , Primates , Hydrocortisone/analysis , Callitrichinae , Disease Models, Animal , Feces/chemistry
2.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.);31(3): 208-213, Sept. 2009. mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-526259

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the recreational use of benzydamine, an anti-inflammatory drug, among street youth in Brazil. METHOD: Design: a descriptive, cross sectional survey. Setting: 93 welfare services for the street youth in 27 Brazilian capitals. Participants: 2807 street youth, 10 to 18 years old. Main outcome measures: demographic characteristics, drug use pattern (lifetime use, use in the past 30 days, frequency, and characteristics of use in the past month) and effects of benzydamine through the use of a questionnaire. RESULTS: 78 reported lifetime recreational benzydamine use (67 cases identified only in three capitals). Among the 30 respondents reporting drug use in the last month (the month preceding the survey), 66.7 percent (n = 20) used the drug on 4 or more days (in the month preceding the survey). The most frequently (50 percent) pleasure effects reported were hallucination and nonspecific sensory changes described as "trips". Unwanted effects were reported by 75 percent of respondents, they were especially nausea and vomiting (21.4 percent). In the majority of the cases, drug was obtained from drugstores without a medical prescription. CONCLUSION: This study identifies the recreational use of benzydamine among street youth, mainly in the Northeast of Brazil, and also indicates the need for special controls on the dispensation of this substance.


OBJETIVO: Descrever o uso recreacional de benzidamina, um medicamento antiinflamatório, entre adolescentes em situação de rua no Brasil. MÉTODO: Desenho: descritivo, transversal. Local: 93 instituições assistenciais para crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua nas 27 capitais do Brasil. Participantes: 2.807 crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua, com idade entre 10 e 18 anos. Principais medidas de interesse: características demográficas, padrão de uso (uso na vida, uso nos últimos 30 dias, frequência e características de uso no mês anterior à pesquisa) e efeitos da benzidamina usando um questionário. RESULTADOS: 78 relataram uso recreacional na vida de benzidamina (67 casos identificados somente em três capitais). Entre os 30 entrevistados que relataram uso recente da substância (no mês que precedia a investigação), 66,7 por cento (n = 20) tomaram o medicamento em quatro dias ou mais no mês. Os efeitos desejados mais frequentemente reportados foram alucinações e alterações sensoriais inespecíficas como "viagem" (50 por cento). Efeitos indesejados foram citados por 75 por cento dos entrevistados, principalmente náuseas e vômitos (21,4 por cento). Na maioria dos casos, o medicamento foi obtido de drogarias sem apresentação de prescrição médica. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados observados neste estudo identificam o uso recreacional de benzidamina entre crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua, especialmente no Nordeste do Brasil, e indicam a necessidade de controle especial sobre a dispensação desta substância.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects , Benzydamine/adverse effects , Hallucinogens/adverse effects , Homeless Youth/statistics & numerical data , Illicit Drugs/adverse effects , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Benzydamine/administration & dosage , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hallucinogens/administration & dosage , Internet , Pleasure , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time Factors
3.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.);54(3): 225-231, maio-jun. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-485605

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Discute-se a promoção do uso de medicamentos na mídia a partir da análise dos diálogos de uma comunidade virtual, cujos participantes utilizam a substância benzidamina em altas dosagens, em busca de seus efeitos adversos. MÉTODOS: Privilegiou-se uma abordagem qualitativa em que, através da técnica de análise de conteúdo, os comentários de um grupo reunido em um Serviço de Rede Social (SRS), disponível na rede mundial de computadores (internet), foram analisados. Dados de 385 participantes foram reunidos e utilizados para a identificação do perfil dos indivíduos. RESULTADOS: O perfil encontrado foi de jovens entre 18 e 20 anos, predominantemente do sexo masculino e com escolaridade média. Verificou-se a partir da análise dos comentários, uma tendência ao consumo de 16 a 20 drágeas do medicamento, acompanhadas ou não de álcool, com o predomínio dos seguintes efeitos: alucinações visuais, insônia e distúrbios gastrointestinais. Pôde-se identificar nos diálogos, duas correntes: uma, que incentiva seu uso não-terapêutico e outra, que o desaconselha. CONCLUSÃO: Uma comunidade virtual organizada em torno da discussão de uso não-terapêutico de um medicamento pode contribuir para a sua promoção, principalmente em jovens. Tal fato reforça a necessidade de maiores campanhas de alerta sobre a automedicação e o cumprimento das leis sanitárias pelas farmácias e drogarias.


OBJECTIVE: Discuss the promotion of medicines in the media by the analysis of dialogs from a virtual community, whose members use benzydamine in high doses seeking the collateral effects. METHODS: Opinions from a group in a Social Network Service (SNS) available in the internet were evaluated by the Analysis of Content Technique, whereas data from 385 members from this group were used to identify a profile of the individuals. RESULTS: The profile found was male, age between 18 and 20 years and in high school. Analysis of opinions revealed the consumption of 16 to 20 tablets of the medicine, sometimes along with alcohol and the occurrence of the following symptoms: visual hallucinations, insomnia and gastrointestinal effects. In the dialogs, two discourses were identified: one recommends this non-therapeutic use and the other tries to dissuade individuals from using it. CONCLUSION: A virtual community organized to discuss a non-therapeutic use of a medicine may contribute to its use. This fact reaffirms the necessity of a major campaign to alert individuals about the dangers of self-medication and also the importance of pharmacies and drugstores to comply with the sanitary legislation.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects , Benzydamine/adverse effects , Communication , Community Networks , Internet , Self Medication , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Benzydamine/administration & dosage , Brazil , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Hallucinogens/administration & dosage , Hallucinogens/adverse effects , Interpersonal Relations , Illicit Drugs , Young Adult
4.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 27(1): 32-5, jan.-fev. 2000. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-267792

ABSTRACT

Atualmente, um crescente interesse nas praticas rituais indigenas, as quais se utilizavam de plantas com o intuito de se comunicarem com o mundo espiritual tem sido observado. No Brasil, as ceitas religiosas Uniao do Vegetal (UDV) e Santo Daime, frequentemente, fazem uso do cha, preparado a partir das plantas Banisteriopsis caap e Psychotria viridis...


Subject(s)
Humans , Plants/toxicity , Hallucinogens/classification , Ceremonial Behavior , Hallucinogens/administration & dosage , Hallucinogens/poisoning , Hallucinogens/toxicity , Tea/adverse effects
5.
La Paz; Centro Latinoamericano de Investigación Cientifica; 2000. 401 p. tab.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-399493

ABSTRACT

Contiene: Introduccion y aspectos metodologicos; analisis de correspondencia; algunas indicaciones para la interpretacion de los cuadros; resultados Bolivia Urbana, alcohol, tabaco; marihuana; inhalables; pasta base de cocaina; clorhidrato de cocaina; alucinogenos;el uso indebido de drogas, bolivia Urbana; Sucre, La Paz, Cochabamba; Oruro; Potosí, Tarija; Santa Cruz; Trinidad, Cobija, El Alto; Quillacollo; Sacaba;Montero, Riberalta; Guayanamerin; Yacuiba, Villazon


Subject(s)
Hallucinogens/administration & dosage , Cocaine/administration & dosage , Substance Abuse Detection/statistics & numerical data , Prodrugs , Nicotiana
6.
In. Alcaraz del Castillo, Franklin; Soliz Vasquez, Rosse; Zuazo Yujra, Julia. El uso indebido de drogas en estudiantes de Bolivia 1999 (Estudio Urbano-Rural). La Paz, CELIN, 1999. p.123-133, tab. (Investigación, 24).
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-342643

ABSTRACT

Los alucinógenos, drogas cuya caracteristica es deformar la percepcion de la realidad objetiva, producir alucinaciones, son substancias quimicas que ademas acompañan a este efecto desorientacion, cambios en el pensamiento, en la percepcion y en el caracter.En Bolivia, el consumo de alucinógenos comenzo en la segunda mitad de la decada de los sesenta, es por eso que el consumo de alucinógenos en el pais esta ligado a estas substancias nativas extraidas de plantas que crecen en Bolivia.(au)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Hallucinogens/administration & dosage , Hallucinogens , Hallucinogens/therapeutic use , Bolivia , Students
7.
La Paz; CELIN; 1996. 212 p. tab.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-215362

ABSTRACT

El presente volumen contiene lo más relevante del estudio llevado a cabo en estudiantes de establecimientos educativos públicos y privados, diurnos, comprendidos entre los 12 años de edad, de las nueve capitales de departamento de Bolivia a las que se añadió la ciudad de El Alto


Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmaceutical Preparations/classification , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Alcoholism , Hallucinogens/administration & dosage , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Students
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