ABSTRACT
The toxicity and the physiological effects of insecticides, chlorozan, marshal and deltamethnne and the alternative pesticides spinosad and proclaim on the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria were tested. The toxicity index, LC50 values after 24 hrs were 171.16, 44.29 and 410.05 ppm. for chlorozan, marshal and deltamethnne, respectively. Also the values of LC50 after 48 hrs were 425.58 and 101.58 ppm. for spinosad and proclaim, respectively. The effect of all tested insecticides, on the total and different haemocytes count of the 4[th] instar nymphs of Schistocerca gregaria were evaluated. The obtained results revealed that the total haemocyte counts were clearly affected by insecticides tested at LC50 values. Chlorozan and proclaim decreased the total haemocytes count [THCs] 50% compared to control. Also marshal and deltamethrine decreased the total haemocyte count by 35 and 18.3%, respectively. While spinosad showed a slight decreasing in the total haemocyte by 8.9% compared to control. Six different haemocyte types were identified as prohaemocytes [pr], granulocytes [gr], non-granulocytes [n-gr], plasmatocytes [pi], oenocytes [oe] and spherulocytes [sph] cells were monitored. In general, all the tested insecticides decreased the counts of all the haemocyte types. The application of spinosad increased the pr, pi, oe and sph. While it dercreased both n-gr. and gr. The toxicological profile of the tested pesticides described herein characterizes their effects on S. gregaria haemocyte types and the total haemocytes count [THCs] when compared with control. These results could be indicate a new proposed mode of action to those friendly environmental promising compounds
Subject(s)
Hemocytes/drug effects , Pest Control , Orthoptera/drug effectsABSTRACT
Sublethal effects of Hg (9.6, 14.5 and 24.1 microg/l) and Cu (60.5, 90.8 and 150.5 microg/l) on the hemocytes-mediated functions in the juveniles of the economically important freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium malcolmsonii were investigated. The population of total hemocytes, percentile phagocytosis and superoxide anion production were found to be increased in test prawns exposed to the lowest sublethal concentration of these two metals in comparison to controls. This indicates the fact that a mechanism of host-defence was in an active state to encounter metal toxicity. The total hemocytes population, percentile phagocytosis and superoxide anion production were found to be decreased in test prawns exposed to intermediate as well as the highest sublethal concentrations of Hg and Cu when compared with controls. This suggests that high concentrations of both Hg and Cu have inhibitory effects on the immune functions of the hemocytes in the prawn, M. malcolmsonii.