Acquired hemophilia presenting as gross hematuria following kidney stone - a case report and review of the literature

ABSTRACT A rare condition in itself, acquired hemophilia A, seldom presents as isolated gross hematuria. It is a serious condition with a high mortality rate and thus clinical suspicion followed by prompt diagnosis is imperative (1). In fact, only 8 cases of such presentation of this condition have been reported thus far in the literature. Of these, none describe the initial presentation of hematuria with the inciting event of a kidney stone. We present a case of a 67-year-old man with signs and symptoms of nephrolithiasis accompanied by profuse hematuria, who was subsequently found to have developed expression of factor VIII inhibitor leading to acquired hemophilia A.

Endodontic Treatment in a Patient with Hemophilia A: Case Report with Literature Review.

Hemophilia comprises a group of hereditary disorders caused due to the defi ciency of one or more clotting factors leading to prolonged clotting time and excessive bleeding tendencies. It is broadly divided into Hemophilia A, B and C which occur due to defi ciency of factors VIII, IX or XI (F VIII, F IX, F XI) respectively. Hemophilia A is an X linked recessive hereditary disorder and is the most common of the three, accounting for 80-85% of the cases. Understanding this complex entity is very important for a dentist to provide appropriate dental treatment and to avoid undesirable consequences. Th e aim of this article is to report a case of Hemophilia A with literature review highlighting the importance of restorative treatment in salvaging the teeth and preventing complications anticipated from the surgical procedures.

Hemofilia A adquirida / Acquired hemophilia A

La hemofilia A adquirida (HAA) es un trastorno hemorrágico poco frecuente caracterizado por la presencia de autoanticuerpos contra el factor VIII (FVIII) circulante. Aproximadamente en la mitad de los casos se ha observado un grupo heterogéneo de procesos patológicos que incluyen, entre otros, enfermedades autoinmunes y malignas y durante el embarazo, parto y puerperio. Las manifestaciones hemorrágicas son variables y fundamentalmente de tipo cutáneo mucoso. El diagnóstico se basa en el hallazgo en un paciente con manifestaciones hemorrágicas, prolongación del tiempo parcial de tromboplastina activado (TPTA), disminución de la actividad del FVIII y presencia de inhibidores del FVIII. El tratamiento de HAA incluye el control de las manifestaciones hemorrágicas y la supresión de la producción del anticuerpo. El concentrado de factor VIIa recombinante (FVIIar) y el concentrado de complejo protrombínico (CCPA) se consideran el tratamiento antihemorrágico de primera línea. Como terapéutica alternativa, en algunos casos puede utilizarse el concentrado de FVIII, la plasmaféresis y la inmunoadsorción extracorpórea. La prednisona sola o asociada con la ciclofosfamida, constituye el tratamiento inmunosupresor de primera línea. En pacientes refractarios puede administrarse como terapéutica de segunda línea, el rituximab (anti-CD20). Con la azatiopina, la ciclosporina, la vincristina y el micofenolato de mofetil, se han obtenido resultados variables

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is an uncommon hemorrhagic disorder characterized by presence of autoantibodies to circulating factor VIII. Approximately in half of cases it is noted a heterogeneous group of pathological processes including among others, autoimmune and malignant diseases and during pregnancy, labor and puerperium. Hemorrhagic manifestations are variable and mainly of mucous cutaneous type. Diagnosis is based on the finding of a patient presenting with hemorrhagic manifestations, extension of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), decrease of Factor VIII activity, and presence of Factor VIII inhibitors. AHA treatment includes the control of hemorrhagic manifestations and the suppression of antibody production. The recombinant factor VIIIa (rVIIIaF) concentration and the prothrombin-complex concentrations (PCC) are considered like the first-line antihemorrhagic treatment. As alternative therapy in some cases the FCIII concentration, the plasmapheresis and extracorporeal immuno-adsorption may be used. The prednisone alone or associated with cyclophosphamide is the firs-line immunosuppressive treatment. In refractory patients it may be administered as a second-line therapy, the Rituximab (anti-CD20). With the use of Azathioprine, Cyclosporine, Vincristine and the Mycophenolate mofetil variable results have been achieved

Transient Acquired Hemophilia Associated with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia

Acquired hemophilia is a rare disorder caused by autoantibodies to factor VIII (FVIII) (also referred to as factor VIII inhibitors or anti-FVIII) and may be associated with pregnancy, underlying malignancy, or autoimmune disorders. A 33-month-old girl who presented with hematochezia and ecchymotic skin lesions was diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia by serology and polymerase chain reaction. Hematologic studies showed a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), partially corrected mixing test for aPTT, reduced levels of FVIII, and the presence of antibodies against FVIII. She was treated conservatively with prednisone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) without FVIII transfusion and recovered without sequelae. This report provides the first description of acquired hemophilia due to anti-FVIII in association with M. pneumoniae in Korea. We discuss this case in the context of the current literature on acquired hemophilia in children.

Combined factor V and VIII deficiency

This review summarizes current data on the pathomechanisms and new genetic findings of combined factor V and VIII deficiency [CF5F8D]. Congenital haemorrhagic disorders characterized by deficiency of two clotting factors comprise an interesting group. Among dual coagulation disorders, CF5F8D is the most common type. For the first time combined factor V and VIII deficiency [F5F8D] was reported by Oeri et al in 1954. That is distinct from the coinheritance of both FV deficiency [parahaemophilia] and FVIII deficiency [haemophilia A] that has been reported in four families. Individuals who present with this phenotype have between 5 and 30% of normal plasma levels of FV and FVIII antigen and activity, whereas the level of other plasma proteins are not altered. Total numbers of affected individuals are less than 150 cases all over the world. At first it was assumed that deficiency of protein C inhibitor was a responsible cause, but further investigations revealed that it was due to mutations called ERGIC-53 and LMAN-1

Hemofilia / hemophilia

La hemofilia una enfermedad hemorrágica hereditaria, tema de la presente monografía, se propone estudiar algunos aspectos considerados importantes. En ella se incluye el concepto actual de la hemofilia, la etiología e incidencia de la misma, la forma de transmisión, clasificación y sus manifestaciones clínicas, el modo de diagnóstico, modalidades terapéuticas y el pronóstico de la enfermedad. Si bien es cierto que la frecuencia de esta afección es baja y que debido a la complejidad de la misma involucre a varias áreas del campo de la medicina, es importante tener un conocimiento general sobre el tema a fin de que profesionales no hematólogos como bioquímicos, fisioterapeutas, pediatras odontólogos, etc, cuando se hallen frente a un paciente hemofilico, sepan reconocerlo como tal y puedan formar un equipo interdisciplinario junto al especialista hematólogo, para el adecuado control y cuidado del paciente.

Hemofilias e doenças de von Willembrand: aspectos clínicos e marcadores de infecçöes transfusionais / Von Willlebrand's disease and hemophilias: clinical aspects and bloodmarkers of transfusional infections

Estudamos retrospectivamente 48 casos de coagulopatias hereditárias, clientes do ambulatório da Faculdade de Medicina de Sao José do Rio Preto, provenientes da cidade e regiao. Encontramos predominância da deficiência de fator VIII e raros casos diagnosticados como doença de von Willebrand. História familiar está presente numa minoria dos casos. A média das idades foi de 17,9 anos e a do aparecimento das primeiras manifestaçoes hemorrágicas, de 2,3. Hematomas foram a manifestaçao mais frequente. A contaminaçao com Hepatites C, B, HIV e Chagas foi de 56 por cento dos casos, sendo que acima de 50 por cento dos pacientes estao presumivelmente em atividade sexual, colocando seus parceiros sob risco. Sequelas ortopédicas estao presentes em 41,67 por cento dos casos. Como causa de morte, a maioria foi devida a hemorragias maciças, sendo que os cuidados hemoterápicos foram considerados insuficientes. Anemia ferropriva está presente em 20 por cento dos casos, exigindo pronto diagnóstico, tratamento e profilaxia. Um terço dos casos sao crianças abaixo de 10 anos de idade, sem ou com poucas sequelas e soronegativos, exigindo cuidados especiais. Evitar as manifestaçoes presentes nos mais idosos e melhorar a qualidade de vida atrvés do aporte de quantidade adequada de fatores e pessoal treinado para usá-lo corretamente, através de equipe multidisciplinar, é nosso objetivo imediato.