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1.
São Paulo med. j ; 133(6): 525-530, Nov.-Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-770149

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the treatment of choice for end-stage liver disease. Cirrhosis due to hepatitis C infection is the leading indication for liver transplantation worldwide. However, patients who are given transplants because of viral liver diseases often present clinical coinfections, including hepatitis B together with hepatitis D. Currently, different strategies exist for patient management before and after liver transplantation, and these are based on different protocols developed by the specialized transplantation centers. CASE REPORT: We present a rare case of a 58-year-old man with chronic hepatitis B, C and D coinfection. The patient developed cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. His treatment comprised antiviral therapy for the three viruses and OLT. The patient's outcome was satisfactory. CONCLUSION: OLT, in association with antiviral therapy using entecavir, which was administered before and after transplantation, was effective for sustained clearance of the hepatitis B and D viruses. A recurrence of hepatitis C infection after transplantation responded successfully to standard treatment comprising peginterferon alfa-2A and ribavirin.


CONTEXTO: O transplante ortotópico de fígado (TOF) é o tratamento de escolha em pacientes com doença hepática terminal. A cirrose por hepatite C é a principal indicação de transplante hepático no mundo. No entanto, pacientes transplantados por hepatopatias virais frequentemente apresentam coinfecções, como hepatite B associada a hepatite D. Atualmente, existem diferentes estratégias de manejo em pacientes pré e pós-transplantados conforme diferentes protocolos de conduta de serviços especializados em transplante. RELATO DE CASO: Apresentamos o raro caso de um homem de 58 anos diagnosticado com as hepatites crônicas B, C e D. O paciente evoluiu com cirrose e carcinoma hepatocelular. O tratamento consistiu de terapia antiviral para os três vírus e de transplante ortotópico de fígado. O desfecho do paciente foi satisfatório. CONCLUSÃO: O transplante ortotópico de fígado, associado à terapia antiviral com entecavir antes e após o procedimento, foi eficaz na depuração sustentada dos vírus B e D. A recidiva do vírus C após o transplante respondeu com sucesso ao tratamento padrão com alfapeginterferon 2A e ribavirina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/surgery , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/drug therapy , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/surgery , Liver Cirrhosis/surgery , Liver Neoplasms/surgery , Liver Transplantation/methods , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Coinfection/drug therapy , Coinfection/surgery , Hepatitis B/drug therapy , Hepatitis B/surgery , Hepatitis C/drug therapy , Hepatitis C/surgery , Hepatitis D/drug therapy , Hepatitis D/surgery , Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use , Liver Cirrhosis/virology , Polyethylene Glycols/therapeutic use , Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use , Recurrence , Ribavirin/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 10(3)maio-jun. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-621489

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As hepatites causadas pelos vírus da hepatite B (VHB), vírus da hepatite C (VHC) e vírus da hepatite (VHD) têm como aspecto comum a transmissão por via parenteral e a possibilidade de cronificação. Revisar os aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos, diagnósticos, terapêuticos e profiláticos das infecções virais por tais agentes é o escopo do presente artigo. Realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados Scielo e Pubmed empregando-se os descritores hepatite B (hepatitis B); hepatite C (hepatitis C); hepatite D (hepatitis D) e hepatite G (hepatitis G), assim como livros texto, consensos e diretrizes relacionadas ao tema.CONTEÚDO: As formas agudas das hepatites B, C e D são usualmente benignas, podendo, sem embargo, ocorrerem quadros de hepatite fulminante. Em situações nas quais o sistema imunológico não é capaz de depurar o VHB e/ou VHC, há cronificação da infecção, com risco de desenvolvimento de cirrose e consequente insuficiência hepática crônica, bem como carcinoma hepatocelular. As hepatites B e D são imunopreveníveis, graças à vacina parao vírus B, mas, até o momento, não há imunoprofilaxia disponível para o vírus C.CONCLUSÃO: As hepatites pelos VHB e VHC constituem importantes desafios para a medicina atual, especialmente pela prevalência das infecções no planeta e pelo risco de desenvolvimento das complicações crônicas. Neste contexto, destaque-se a importância da avaliação diagnóstica, da instituição da terapêutica adequada e do emprego das medidas preventivas para tais infecções, elementos que devem ser solidamente conhecidas pelo clínico.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) have in common the transmission by parenteral route and the possibility of chronification. Reviewing the clinic, epidemiology, diagnose, therapeutics and prophylaxis of viral infections by these agents is the scope of this work. Bibliographic research was conducted both at databases Scielo and Pubmed through the chosen descriptors: hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D and hepatitis G, and text books, consensus and guidelines related to the subject.CONTENTS: The acute viral B, C and D hepatitis are usually benign, though acute liver failure, fulminant hepatitis, may occur. In the cases when the immune system is unable to debug HBV and HCV the infection becomes chronic, cirrhosis with consequent chronic liver insufficiency and hepatocellular carcinomamay develop. HBV and HDV are immunopreventable, thanks to the hepatitis B virus vaccine, but at this point there's no immunoprophylaxis available for hepatitis C virus. CONCLUSION: HBV and HCV hepatitis are great challenges for medicine, particularly due to the prevalence of infections worldwide and the risk of chronic complications. In this context, diagnostic evaluation, adequate therapeutic care, and preventive measures must be soundly known by the physician.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis B/etiology , Hepatitis B/drug therapy , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/etiology , Hepatitis C/drug therapy , Hepatitis D/epidemiology , Hepatitis D/etiology , Hepatitis D/drug therapy
3.
JCPSP-Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. 2007; 17 (6): 320-322
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-94145

ABSTRACT

To determine HBV suppression in patients with dual HBV and HDV infection after 48 weeks with 10.0 MID of interferon-a 2b. Quasi experimental study. Civil Hospital, Karachi and Lyari General Hospital, Karachi, from July 2003 to June 2005. All HBsAg positive patients were screened for anti-HDV, all positives were included. Baseline investigations, liver chemistries and HBsAg; HBeAg; anti-HBcore IgM; HBV DMA quantitative PCR were done. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and decompensated cirrhosis were excluded. Patients were treated with Interferon-a 10.0 MID sc t.i.w. for 48 weeks. HBeAg and quantitative HBV DNA was done at week 0, 24 and 48 while CBC and SGPT were done monthly. HBV suppression was defined as levels <400 copies/ml. Fifty-two patients were selected for intervention, including 34 males and 18 females. At the end of therapy after 48 weeks, HBV DNA suppression was achieved in 51.9% and HBeAg became undetectable in 53.8% of patients. Twenty -one patients with HBV suppression still had raised SGPT. HDV should be screened in all patients eligible for HBV treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hepatitis D/drug therapy , Treatment Outcome , Interferons , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Hepatitis D, Chronic , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 35(2): 181-190, Mar.-Apr. 2002. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-327483

ABSTRACT

O vírus da hepatite D (VHD), também chamado de vírus delta, é um pequeno vírus contendo RNA circular. O VHD causa infecçäo, quando há coinfecçäo com o vírus da hepatite B (VHB) em indivíduos normais ou superinfecçäo em portadores crônicos do VHB. Três genótipos já foram clonados e seqüenciados. A infecçäo apresenta distribuiçäo mundial, sendo a regiäo ocidental da Amazônia brasileira considerada área de alta endemicidade. Estima-se que 18 milhöes de pessoas encontram-se infectadas pelo vírus entre os 350 milhöes de portadores crônicos do VHB no mundo. As vias de transmissäo do VHD e os fatores de risco mostram-se similares aos da infecçäo pelo VHB. O diagnóstico se faz pela identificaçäo imuno-histológica do HDAg no fígado e pelo encontro das fraçöes IgM e IgG anti-HD no soro por radioimunoensaio ou ELISA. O curso clínico da infecçäo pelo VHD mostra-se variável. Os pacientes podem apresentar formas fulminantes de hepatite. As formas crônicas associam-se a achados histopatológicos graves no fígado, com curso rápido e progressivo, evoluindo para cirrose, insuficiência hepática e morte. O interferon alfa constitui a única opçäo terapêutica com algum efeito benéfico no tratamento da hepatite. O transplante hepático encontra indicaçäo nos casos terminais de cirrose. A profilaxia indireta da infecçäo pelo VHD tornou-se possível com o advento da vacina contra o vírus da hepatite B


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis D , Hepatitis D/diagnosis , Hepatitis D/drug therapy , Hepatitis D/epidemiology , Hepatitis D/transmission , Hepatitis D/virology
5.
Acta méd. colomb ; 17(3): 180-5, mayo-jun. 1992. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-183236

ABSTRACT

The etiologic agent of this severe form of hepatitis was identified by Rizzetto et al in Italy in 1977. The Delta virus resembles satellite viruses of plants which can not replicate without another specific virus. In this particular case hepatitis B virus is the helper agent. Clinically this form of hepatitis is characterized by two presentations: coinfeccion, which means simultaneous infection of a host with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus. This variety of hepatitis can present with two distinct peaks of transaminases and usually resolves completely in most of the cases, however 0-4 percent can evolve to chronic hepatitis and 25 percent of the cases of fulminant hepatitis are due to this viral association. The diagnosis can be established demonstrating anti-HDV IgM or HDV-RNA or HDV antigen in the serum. In essence coinfection makers acute hepatic failure more common and the mortality is significantly higher than hepatitis B infections by itself. The second type of clinical presentation is superinfection, which means infection with the Delta virus of a patient previously infected with the hepatitis B virus (healthy carrier). Initially the patient develop a typical acute viral hepatitis in 50-70 percent of the cases, and 30-50 percent can have asymptomatic infection. The real problem with this presentation is that 20-90 percent of the cases evolved to chronicity: chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis. The diagnosis can be made demonstrating anti-HDB IgM and anti-HDV IfG, although this last one is usually transitory. A liver biopsy can show HDV RNA or HDV antigen using special immunostainings...


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis Delta Virus/growth & development , Hepatitis Delta Virus/immunology , Hepatitis Delta Virus/isolation & purification , Hepatitis Delta Virus/pathogenicity , Hepatitis Delta Virus/physiology , Hepatitis D/complications , Hepatitis D/diagnosis , Hepatitis D/drug therapy , Hepatitis D/epidemiology , Hepatitis D/etiology , Hepatitis D/immunology , Hepatitis D/physiopathology , Hepatitis D/therapy
6.
Rev. méd. Valparaiso ; 41(3/4): 125-39, sept.-dic. 1988. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-112844

ABSTRACT

Gracias a los actuales conocimientos sobre la patogénesis de la hepatitis crónica viral y a la contemporánea disponibilidad de un amplio espectro de fármacos capaces de modular el sistema inmunitario y de interferir en la replicación viral, es hoy posible plantear una estrategia terapéutica más eficaz con respecto al esquema empírico y desilusionante del pasado. Se destaca la importancia del diagnóstico etiológico de la infección viral y del daño hepático para la elección del tratamiento más apropiado para cada uno de los pacientes, considerando los factores que favorecen o desfavorecen una buena respuesta terapéutica. Entre los fármacos disponibles el Interferon ha demostrado la mayor eficacia, pero su empleo es limitado a un grupo particular de pacientes. Tratamientos combinados han dado resultados interesantes en este último tiempo en pacientes refractarios al Interferon Alfa


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis, Chronic/drug therapy , Azathioprine/therapeutic use , Hepatitis D/drug therapy , Acyclovir/therapeutic use , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Adenine/therapeutic use , Interferon Type I/adverse effects , Interferon Type I/therapeutic use , Levamisole/therapeutic use , Hepatitis C/drug therapy , Hepatitis B/drug therapy , Hepatitis, Chronic/diagnosis
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