Evaluation of the Surgical Treatment of Patients over 90 Years Old with Hip Fractures and Their Morbidity and Mortality / Avaliação do tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes acima de 90 anos com fraturas de quadril e sua morbimortalidade

Abstract Objective: Hip fractures in older adults have the highest impact on the patient's health. These injuries result in many complications, reducing functional capability, quality of life, and life expectancy. This study aimed to provide more epidemiological data on the outcomes of these fractures in nonagenarians from a large city treated at a tertiary hospital. Methods: This study consisted of medical record reviews and interviews. Results: In this study, 76 patients underwent 82 surgeries. The mean age of the patients was 92.5 years. Ninety percent of the subjects were female. The patients spent 10.4 days in hospital. Surgery occurred on average 2.3 days after hospitalization. Regarding fractures, 46 were trochanteric (56%), and 34 affected the femoral neck (41.5%). Forty-one surgeries used the short proximal femoral nail (50%), and 18 were partial hip replacements (22%). During hospitalization, 46 patients (55%) had no complications, excluding episodes of delirium, and seven patients (9%) died. Forty-two subjects completed the one-year postoperative follow-up period, with 56% alive and 44% dead. Conclusions: Treating hip fractures in older patients is challenging. Our goal must focus on helping these subjects receive the quickest and least aggressive treatment possible and start mobilization early. We hope the data presented in this study can lead to a better understanding of the characteristics of our nonagenarian population with hip fractures and seek the best possible treatment for them.

Resumo Objetivo: As fraturas de quadril em idosos são as que mais impactam na saúde do paciente e estão associadas a muitas complicações, levando a redução da capacidade funcional, da qualidade de vida e da expectativa de vida. O nosso trabalho visa trazer mais dados epidemiológicos sobre os desfechos dessas fraturas em nonagenários em uma grande cidade atendidos em um hospital terciário. Métodos: O trabalho foi realizado através de revisão de prontuários e entrevistas. Resultados: Foram realizadas 82 cirurgias em 76 pacientes nesse período. A média de idade foi de 92,5 anos, 90% eram mulheres e ficaram 10,4 dias internados. A cirurgia foi realizada em média 2,3 dias após a internação. Do total, 46 fraturas foram trocantéricas (56%) e 34 do colo do fêmur (41,5%). Foram realizadas 41 cirurgias com a técnica da haste cefalomedular curta (50%) e 18 artroplastias parcial de quadril (22%). Durante a internação, 46 pacientes (55%) não apresentaram complicações, excluindo episódios de delirium, e 7 pacientes (9% dos casos) evoluíram para óbito. 42 pacientes já fecharam 1 ano após cirurgia: 56% estão vivos e 44% evoluíram para óbito. Conclusões: O tratamento de fraturas de quadril em pacientes idosos é desafiador. O nosso objetivo deve estar focado em ajudar esses idosos a receber um tratamento rápido e menos agressivo possível e a mobilizar precocemente. Esperamos que, com os dados apresentados nesse trabalho, possamos entender melhor acerca das características da nossa população nonagenária vítimas de fratura de quadril e buscar o melhor tratamento possível para esses pacientes.

Extracción de un proyectil de arma de fuego de la cadera. luxación controlada anterior. reporte de dos casos / Bullet removal from the hip with a safe surgical anterior dislocation. report of two cases

El aumento de la prevalencia de las heridas por arma de fuego determina que sea cada vez más frecuente observar pacientes con fragmentos de proyectiles retenidos en el cuerpo. En la mayoría de los casos se consideran inertes para el paciente; sin embargo, está indicada su extracción cuando se encuentran alojados dentro de la articulación. De esta forma, se busca evitar el daño provocado por la sinovitis reactiva, la lesión condral y la posible progresión a una artrosis postraumática. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar a dos pacientes con fragmentos de proyectiles alojados a nivel de la articulación coxofemoral, uno impactado sobre la cabeza femoral y el otro en el fondo acetabular. En ambos casos, se realizó una luxación controlada anterior a través de un abordaje posterolateral asociado a una osteotomía trocantérica según Ganz, para extraerlos; de esta manera, se logra una visualización completa de la cabeza femoral y un acceso al acetábulo, resguardando al máximo la perfusión vascular. Se evaluaron los resultados clínicos de ambos pacientes. Nivel de Evidencia: IV.

The increased prevalence of gunshot wounds makes it increasingly common to see patients with projectile fragments retained in the body. In most cases they are considered inert for the patient, but surgery is indicated to extract them, if they are located within the joint. In this way, we prevent damage from reactive synovitis, chondral injury and posible progression to post-traumatic osteoarthritis. The aim of this study is to report two cases in which the projectile fragments were at the level of the hip joint, one on the femoral head and the other in the acetabular fundus. In both patients, an anterior dislocation was performed through a postero-lateral approach associated with a trochanteric osteotomy described by Ganz. In this way a complete visualization of the femoral head and access to the acetabulum is achieved, thus protecting vascular perfusion. Clinical results were evaluated. Level of Evidence: IV.

Patient Satisfaction after Arthroscopic Repair of Acetabular Labral Tears

BACKGROUND: Acetabular labral tear is a main cause of hip pain and disability, often requiring surgical treatment. Improvements of hip arthroscopic technique have produced positive outcomes after labral repair with arthroscopy. The purpose of this study was to determine clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction after arthroscopic repair of acetabular labral tear. METHODS: We interviewed 21 patients (10 men and 11 women; mean age, 36 years [range, 22 to 57 years]) with acetabular labral tears that had been repaired arthroscopically in terms of satisfaction of the procedure. In addition, clinical outcome was assessed using visual analog scale (VAS) score, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index, and Harris hip score, and radiologic outcome was assessed using serial radiography. The patients were followed for 24-50 months. RESULTS: The mean Harris hip score was 73 points (range, 64 to 84 points) preoperatively and 83 points (range, 66 to 95 points) postoperatively. Fifteen hips (71%) were rated excellent and good. The mean WOMAC osteoarthritis index and VAS scores were improved at final follow-up. UCLA activity at the latest follow-up improved in 16 patients. The Tonnis grade of osteoarthritis at the latest follow-up did not change in all patients. Eighteen of the patients (86%) were satisfied with the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: High rate of satisfaction after arthroscopic repair of acetabular labral tears is an encouraging outcome. Arthroscopic treatment of labral tears might be a useful technique in patients with hip pathologies, such as femoroacetabular impingement with labral tears.

Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Ipsilateral Fused Hip: A Technical Note

We report the surgical technique used to perform posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in two patients with a well positioned and functional hip arthrodesis. Intraoperatively, the operating table was placed in an increased Trendelenburg position. Episodically, we flexed the foot of the table by 90degrees to allow maximal knee flexion to facilitate exposure and bone cuts. We opted to resect the patella and tibia first to enable exposure, given the stiffness of the arthritic knee. One patient's medical condition prohibited complex conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) prior to the TKA. The other patient's scarred soft tissues around the hip, due to chronic infection and multiple operations, made THA risky. The final outcome provided satisfactory results at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. TKA can be successfully performed with adjustments of table position and modification of the sequence of surgical steps in patients with ipsilateral hip fusion.

National Trends of Hip Arthroscopy in Korea

Hip arthroscopy has been reported to be useful and promising for the treatment of hip pathologies. However, it is not known whether the utilization of hip arthroscopy has increased in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate national trends regarding the utilization of hip arthroscopy in Korea. We retrospectively reviewed nationwide data obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). All new admissions for hip arthroscopy are recorded nationwide by HIRA using the ICD-10 code and the code for arthroscopic devices. Using archived data, we determined the trends in utilization of hip arthroscopy between 2007 and 2010. The number of hip arthroscopies increased more than twofold over the study period, from 596 to 1,262. A third of cases were performed in hospitals. Furthermore, a bimodal distribution was observed for men (20 to 24 yr and 45 to 49 yr) and an unimodal distribution for women (50 to 54 yr). Our results show an increasing trends in the utilization of hip arthroscopy from 2007 to 2010, which is in-line with recent findings of increased utilization with the rest of the world.

Técnica quirúrgica: resección artroscópica del resalte o giba femoral en el pinzamiento femoroacetabular tipo leva / Surgical technique: arthroscopic resection of femoral bump in cam-type femoroacetabular impingement

Hip arthroscopy is a procedure which has significantly increased its frequency in recent years, especially due to the surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingment. Cam type femoroacetabular impingement. Cam type femoroacetabular impingement results from abnormal head-neck junction, where a prominent anterior extension of the femoral head at the expected step off to the adjacent femoral neck can be seen. This femoral “bump” is typically located lateral to the physeal scar, causing damage of the acetabular rim, cartilage and labrum. The surgical treatment, also called osteochondroplasty of the femoral head-neck junction, consist of the complete resection of this femoral “bump”, in order to reduce pain, prevent further bone impaction and progressive articular damage. Prior to the arthroscopic resection of the femoral “bump”, it is recommended to identify important anatomic landmarks in the peripheral joint compartment (medial limit: medial synovial fold, central limit: acetabular labrum, lateral limit: synovial folds and retinacular vessels in the lateral limit of the peripheral joint compartment, a secure lateral bump resection can be performed, without risk of injuring these vessels. In this paper, we describe the detailed operative technique of an effective and secure arthroscopic femoral “bump” resection.

La artroscopía de cadera ha aumentado significativamente su frecuencia en los últimos años, especialmente debido al tratamiento quirúrgico del pinzamiento femoroacetabular (PFA). En el PFA tipo leva existe una anesfericidad de la cabeza femoral con la formación de una prominencia, resalte o giba ósea en la cara anterior de la unión cabeza-cuello femoral. El tratamiento quirúrgico consiste en la completa resección de esta giba para reducir el impacto óseo sobre el reborde y cartílago acetabular, prevenir un deterioro articular progresivo y lograr el alivio sintomático de los pacientes. Para realizar la completa resección artroscópica de la giba femoral se recomienda la identificación de los reparos anatómicos en el compartimiento articular periférico previo a la resección (límite medial: pliegue sinovial medial; límite central: labrum acetabular; límite lateral: pliegues sinoviales y vasos retinaculares; límite periférico y profundidad: cuello femoral). Más allá de la completa resección ésta debe ser segura sin lesionar los vasos retinaculares en la región lateral recomendándose la identificación de esos vasos previo a la resección de la giba en la región lateral. Se describen en este trabajo detalles de la técnica quirúrgica para una efectiva y segura resección artroscópica de la giba femoral en el pinzamiento femoroacetabular tipo leva.

Displasia do desenvolvimento do quadril / Developmental dysplasia of the hip

Os autores se propõem neste artigo a realizar uma revisão acerca do tema displasia do desenvolvimento do quadril abordando: fisiopatologia , manifestações clinicas,diagnóstico e tratamento.

Tratamiento artroscópico de las lesiones del labrum acetabular / Arthroscopic treatment of acetabular labral tears

Purpose: Acetabular labral tears are a frecuent cause of hip pain in nonarthritic young patients. We present our experience in the arthroscopic treatment of acetabular labral tears. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study of45 patients operated by hip arthroscopy between December 2002 and March 2006. We analized the etiology and the location of the labral tears, the presence of associated chondral lesions and clinical short term results. In all the patients we perform the resection of the damaged part of the labrum, in 13 of this cases we perform a resection off the underlying bone deformity. Results: The most frecuent etiology was the femoroacetabular impingement (28 patients), less frecuent are traumatic, displastic and degenerative causes. In 36 patients the lesion was located anterosuperior, in 35 cases chondral lesions of the articular surface were present. The clinical result were excellent and good in 39, poor or fair in 6 patients. Conclusion: In our group the labral tear was the most frecuent cause of hip arthroscopy. Associated chondral lesions are highly frecuent. The main etiology is the femoroacetabular impingement which must be treated simultaneously. With a selective patient selection and an accurate surgical technique good clinical results can be achieved.

La lesión del labrum acetabular es causa frecuente de coxalgia en pacientes jóvenes sin artrosis. En este trabajo se presenta el análisis de sus causas y nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento artroscópico. Material y Métodos: Se analizan retrospectivamente 45 pacientes operados entre Diciembre 2002 y Marzo 2006. Se analiza la etiología, localización de las lesiones, presencia de lesiones condrales asociadas y la evolución clínica. En todos se efectuó la resección parcial del labrum dañado, en 13 se efectuó además la resección artroscópica de la deformidad ósea subyacente. Resultados: La etiología más frecuente fue un pellizcamiento femoroacetabular (28 pacientes), menos frecuente la causa degenerativa, displasia o traumática. En 36 pacientes la lesión del labrum era anterosuperior, 35 presentaban lesiones condrales asociadas. En 13 casos de pellizcamiento se efectuó la resección de la deformidad ósea. Los resultados clínicos fueron excelentes y buenos en 39 pacientes, regulares y malos en 6. Conclusiones: La lesión del labrum es la indicación más frecuente de artroscopia de cadera. Son muy frecuentes las lesiones condrales asociadas. La principal etiología fue el pellizcamiento femoroacetabular el cual idealmente debe ser tratado en forma simultánea. Con una indicación selectiva y adecuada técnica quirúrgica se obtienen resultados clínicos satisfactorios.

Ressecção do fêmur proximal em quadris dolorosos e deslocados na paralisia cerebral / Proximal femoral resection in painful, dislocated hip in cerebral palsy

Em pacientes com paralisia cerebral espástica, o quadril luxado e doloroso pode ser a origem de vários problemas, como impossibilidade de sentar e dor à mobilização. No período entre março de 1997 e dezembro de 2002, foram tratados 14 pacientes (14 quadris) por meio da técnica de ressecção do fêmur proximal e interposição de tecidos moles. A idade dos pacientes variou de 11 a 15 anos, com média de 12,85 anos. No pré-operatório, a abdução do quadril variou de -30° a 20°, com média de 1,78°, e o nexo, de 10° a 40°, com média de 21,07°. No pós-operatório, a abdução do quadril variou de 0° a 40°, com média de 20,71°, e o nexo, de 10° a 30°, com média de 16,07°. Na avaliação final, que foi realizada de oito meses a 67 meses, com média de 22,85 meses, todos os pacientes haviam melhorado de seus sintomas dolorosos, apresentavam arco de movimento mais livre, que permitia melhor cuidado perineal, e estavam aptos a sentar-se em cadeiras modificadas. Conclui-se que essa é uma técnica que, quando bem indicada e executada, pode trazer melhoras funcionais importantes para pacientes com paralisia cerebral e luxação dolorosa do quadril não tratada até a adolescência.