Evaluación del tratamiento de linfoma de Hodgkin con esquema ABVD en Chile / Treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma: analysis of 915 patients

Background: Hodgkin lymphoma has a high rate of curability, even in advanced stages. Aim: To assess the results of Hodgkin lymphoma treatment using the ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) chemotherapy regimen. Material and Methods: Analysis of a database held by the Chilean Ministry of Health, including all patients treated at accredited cancer treatment centers. Results: Data for 915 patients, median age 35 years (range 15-86 years) and followed for a median of 97 months (range 1-347 months) were analyzed. Forty-one percent had localized disease. Overall survival at five years for localized and advanced stages was 92% and 74%, respectively. The figures for progression free survival were 87% and 64%, respectively. Patients with relapse who received autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) had a five year overall survival of 92%, compared to 64% among those who did not undergo this procedure (p < 0.01). The Guarantees in Health Program set up by the Ministry of Health, was associated with earlier stage disease at diagnosis. Conclusions: The ABVD regimen achieves high rates of cure in localized stages of the disease but the results in advanced stages are not optimal. ASCT significantly improves survival in patients with relapse. The Guarantees in Health Program is associated with earlier diagnosis of the disease.

Hodgkin's Lymphoma - evaluation of patients submitted to Autologous transplantation of hematopoietic cells in the Hematology Service of the Hospital Walter Cantídio - Fortaleza, Brazil / Linfoma de Hodgkin - avaliação dos pacientes submetidos a transplante autólogo de células hematopoéticas no Serviço de Hematologia do HUWC

SUMMARY The Autologous HSCT is an important alternative for refractory or recurrent HL patients in terms of survival and improved quality of life. This study analyzes the results of autologous BMT performed in HL patients in the Transplant Unit of the HUWC/ HEMOCE (Fortaleza - CE, Brazil). Fifty-two transplanted patients were studied from January 2009 to October 2015, among them, 30 men and 22 women, mean age of 28.2 years. All of them received GCS-F during the mobilization, in some cases associated with Vinorelbine or Plerixafor, with CD34 collection averaging 4.8 CD34/kg. The conditioning was performed with BEAC, NEAM or BEAM and the grafting with an average of 10 days. The evaluation on D + 100 showed: CR - 42 (82.7%), PR - 08 (13.5%) and 02 (3.8%) deaths, three and six days after cell infusion. After the D+100, 08 patients in CR showed HL recurrence from 06 to 36 months; 03 died and 05 are being treated with brentuximab; among the 08 patients in PR, 01 died due to HL activity, 04 months after BMT and 07 patients are undergoing treatment. The final evaluation of HL transplant patients showed an OS of 88.5% and a DFS of 61.5% in 6 years, with OS of the chemosensitive patients of 81% and of the chemoresistant ones, of 72.6%. It is possible to conclude that the Autologous HSCT has shown to be an excellent rescue therapy regarding tolerance, as well as the overall survival.

RESUMO O TCTH autólogo é uma importante alternativa para os pacientes de LH refratários ou recidivados, em termos de sobrevida e melhora da qualidade de vida. O presente trabalho analisa os resultados do TMO autólogo realizado em pacientes de LH na Unidade de Transplante do SH do HUWC/HEMOCE. Foram estudados 52 pacientes submetidos ao TMO de janeiro de 2009 a outubro de 2015, sendo 30 homens e 22 mulheres, média de idade de 28,2 anos. Todos receberam GCS-F na mobilização, em alguns casos associados a Vinorelbine ou a Plerixafor e coleta de CD34 com média de 4,8CD34/kilo. O condicionamento foi realizado com BEAC, NEAM ou BEAM e a enxertia com média de 10 dias. A avaliação no D+100 mostrou: RC – 42 (82,7%), RP – 08 (13,5%) e 02 (3,8%) óbitos ocorridos 3 e 6 dias após a infusão das células. Após o D+100, 08 pacientes em RC apresentaram recidiva do LH entre 6 e 36 meses; 3 foram a óbito e 5 estão em tratamento com brentuximabe; os 8 pacientes em RP, 1 faleceu por atividade do LH, 4 meses após o TMO e 7 estão em tratamento. A avaliação final dos pacientes de LH transplantados mostrou uma SG de 88,5% e SLD de 61,5% em 6 anos, SG dos pacientes quimiossensiveis de 81% e dos quimioresistentes de 72,6%. É possível concluir que o TCTH Autólogo se coloca como excelente terapia de resgate em relação à tolerância, bem como na sobrevida global.

Causas de mortalidad en pacientes con linfoma de Hodgkin / Mortality causes in Hodgkin lymphoma patients

OBJETIVO: analizar las causas de muerte en pacientes con diagnóstico de linfoma de Hodgkin. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo-descriptivo en el Servicio de Hematología del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico "Hermanos Ameijeiras". La muestra quedó constituida por 443 pacientes, de los 619 diagnosticados desde enero de 1983 hasta diciembre del 2008, de ellos 287 (64,8 %) se encontraban vivos al final del estudio y 156 (35,2 %) habían fallecido. RESULTADOS: la recaída/progresión del linfoma de Hodgkin fue la causa más importante de muerte (125 pacientes, 80 %), independiente de la edad de presentación de la enfermedad, la modalidad de tratamiento empleada y el tiempo de evolución. El 20 % restante fue por segundas neoplasias en 10 pacientes (6,4 %), complicaciones del tratamiento en 8 (5,1 %), complicaciones infecciosas fatales en 2 (1,2 %) y enfermedad cardiovascular en 3 (1,9 %). En 8 pacientes (5,1 %) no se precisó la causa de muerte. Predominaron las segundas neoplasias en pacientes de 40-59 años, que recibieron la modalidad de tratamiento combinada y tenían menos de 10 años de evolución. CONCLUSIONES: la recaída/progresión del linfoma de Hodgkin permanece como causa más importante de muerte, independientemente de la edad de presentación, la modalidad de tratamiento empleada y el tiempo de evolución. Sería importante identificar precozmente los casos refractarios al tratamiento convencional para utilizar la modalidad terapéutica más apropiada para la curación.

OBJECTIVE: determine the causes of death in patients diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma. METHODS: a retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Hematology, "Hermanos Ameijeiras" Hospital. The sample was composed of 443 patients, 619 diagnosed from January 1983 to December 2008. 287 of them (64.8 %) were alive at the end of the study, 156 (35.2 %) had died. RESULTS: the relapse/progression of Hodgkin lymphoma was the most important cause of death (125 patients, 80 %), regardless of the age of the disease onset, the type of treatment used and the time of evolution. The remaining 20 % was due to: second malignancies in 10 patients (6.4 %), complications of treatment in 8 (5.1 %), fatal infectious complications in 2 (1.2 %) and cardiovascular disease in 3 (1.9 %). In 8 patients (5.1 %) the cause of death was not specified. Secondary malignancies prevailed in patients aged 40-59 years who received combined treatment and had less than 10 years of evolution. CONCLUSIONS: relapse/progression of Hodgkin lymphoma remains a leading cause of death, regardless of the onset age, the treatment modality used and the time of evolution. It would be important to identify early cases refractory to conventional treatment to use the most appropriate therapeutic modality for healing.

The efficacy of 2-nitrovinylfuran derivatives against Leishmania in vitro and in vivo

Despite recent advances in the treatment of some forms of leishmaniasis, the available drugs are still far from ideal due to inefficacy, parasite resistance, toxicity and cost. The wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity of 2-nitrovinylfuran compounds has been described, as has their activity against Trichomonas vaginalis and other protozoa. Thus, the aim of this study was to test the antileishmanial activities of six 2-nitrovinylfurans in vitro and in a murine model of leishmaniasis. Minimum parasiticide concentration (MPC) and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for these compounds against the promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis were determined, as were the efficacies of two selected compounds in an experimental model of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by L. amazonensis in BALB/c mice. All of the compounds were active against the promastigotes of the three Leishmania species tested. IC50 and MPC values were in the ranges of 0.8-4.7 µM and 1.7-32 µM, respectively. The compounds 2-bromo-5-(2-bromo-2-nitrovinyl)-furan (furvina) and 2-bromo-5-(2-methyl-2-nitrovinyl)-furan (UC245) also reduced lesion growth in vivo at a magnitude comparable to or higher than that achieved by amphotericin B treatment. The results demonstrate the potential of this class of compounds as antileishmanial agents and support the clinical testing of Dermofural(r) (a furvina-containing antifungal ointment) for the treatment of CL.

Leisure activities and attitude of institutionalized elderly people: a basis for nursing practice / Atividades de lazer e atitude de idosos institucionalizados: subsídios para a prática de enfermagem / Las actividades de ocio y la actitud de ancianos institucionalizados: informaciones para la práctica de enfermería

Aim: to identify the leisure activities performed in Long-Stay Institutions for the Elderly (LSIEs), registered in the city of Maringá-PR, Brazil, and to analyze the attitude of the elderly people toward leisure promoted by the institutions. METHOD: this was a descriptive and transversal study with a quantitative approach, carried out with 97 elderly people, through the establishment of the socio-demographic profile and the application of the Leisure Attitude Scale. The data was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, association tests (chi-square or Fisher's) and Spearman's correlation. RESULTS: males, aged 80 or over, widowed, with one to eight years of study, who had a monthly income were predominant. Age group and income were significantly associated with the performance of leisure activities. The results reflected the positive attitude of the elderly people in relation to leisure activities, except in the behavioral component. CONCLUSION: the findings of this study indicate the need for further investigation into the difficulties linked to the attitude toward leisure in the behavioral component, considering aspects such as individual concepts of leisure and the health status of the elderly people. .

OBJETIVOS: identificar as atividades de lazer realizadas em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI), regularmente cadastradas no município de Maringá - PR, Brasil, e analisar a atitude dos idosos face ao lazer promovido pelas instituições. MÉTODO: trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada com 97 idosos, por meio de levantamento do perfil sociodemográfico e da aplicação da Escala de Atitudes Face ao Lazer. Os dados passaram por análise estatística descritiva, testes de associação (quiquadrado ou Fisher) e correlação de Spearman. RESULTADOS: predominaram homens, na faixa etária de 80 anos ou mais, viúvos, com um a oito anos de estudo e que possuíam renda mensal. Faixa etária e renda tiveram associação significativa com a realização de atividades de lazer. Os resultados refletiram atitude positiva dos idosos em relação às atividades de lazer, exceto no componente comportamental. CONCLUSÃO: os achados deste estudo indicam a necessidade de investigação das dificuldades atreladas à atitude face ao lazer no componente comportamental, considerando aspectos como concepções individuais de lazer e condição de saúde dos idosos. .

OBJETIVOS: identificar las actividades de ocio o tiempo libre realizadas en Instituciones de Larga Permanencia para Ancianos (ILPA) regularmente registradas en el municipio de Maringá-PR, Brasil, y analizar la actitud de los ancianos frente al tiempo libre promovido por las instituciones. MÉTODO: se trata de una investigación de carácter descriptivo y transversal, con abordaje cuantitativo, realizada con 97 ancianos, por medio del levantamiento del perfil sociodemográfico y de la aplicación de la Escala de Actitudes Frente al Ocio. Los datos pasaron por análisis estadístico descriptivo, test de asociación (chi-cuadrado o Fisher) y correlación de Spearman. RESULTADOS: predominaron hombres, en el intervalo etario de 80 años o más, viudos, de uno a ocho años de estudio y que poseían renta mensual. El intervalo etario y la renta tuvieron asociación significativa con la realización de actividades de tiempo libre. Los resultados reflejaron una actitud positiva de los ancianos en relación a las actividades de tiempo libre, excepto en el componente comportamental. CONCLUSIÓN: los hallazgos de este estudio indican la necesidad de investigar las dificultades vinculadas a la actitud frente al tiempo libre en el componente comportamental, considerando aspectos como las concepciones individuales de tiempo libre y la condición de salud de los ancianos. .

Causas de mortalidad en pacientes con linfoma de Hodgkin / Causes of mortality in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo-descriptivo en el Servicio de Hematología del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras para conocer las causas de muerte en pacientes con diagnóstico de linfoma de Hodgkin tratados desde enero de 1983 hasta diciembre de 2008. De los 619 pacientes diagnosticados en ese período, la muestra quedó constituida por 443, de los cuales 287 (64,8 por ciento)se encontraban vivos al final del estudio y 156 (35,2 por ciento)habían fallecido. La recaída/progresión de la enfermedad fue la causa más importante de muerte, independientemente de la edad de presentación, la modalidad de tratamiento empleada y el tiempo de evolución (125 pacientes, 80 por ciento). El 20 por ciento restante de las muertes ocurrió por segundas neoplasias en 10 pacientes (6,4 por ciento )complicaciones del tratamiento en 8 (5,1 por ciento ), complicaciones infecciosas fatales en 2 (1,2 por ciento) y enfermedad cardiovascular en 3 (1,9 por ciento). En 8 pacientes (5,1 por ciento) no se precisó la causa de muerte. Las segundas neoplasias predominaron en pacientes de 40-59 años, que recibieron la modalidad de tratamiento combinada y con menos de 10 años de evolución

A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in the Hematology Service at Hermanos Ameijeriras Hospital to know the causes of death in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, who were treated from January 1983 to December 2008. Out of 619 patients diagnosed in that period, the total sample was formed by 443 patients. 287 (64.8 percent) of them were alive at the end of the study, and 156 (35.2 percent) had died. This disease relapse/progression were the leading cause of death, regardless age of its presentation, treatment used, and the time of progression (125 patients, 80 percent). The remaining 20 percent of deaths occurred from secondary malignancies in 10 patients (6.4 percent), complications of treatment in 8 (5.1 percent), fatal infectious complications in 2 (1.2 percent), and cardiovascular disease in 3 (1.9 percent). In 8 patients (5.1 percent) the cause of death was not stated. Secondary malignancies were predominant in patients aged 40-59, who received combined treatment with less than 10 years of evolution

Linfomas asociados a infección por VIH en pacientes del Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán / Fundación Arriarán2001-2008 / Lymphomas associated with HIV infection in patients at the Hospital San Borja Arriarán /Fundación Arriarán 2001-2008, Santiago, Chile

Introduction: Hodgkin lymphomas (HL) and non Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are frequently associated to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in adults. Objective: To systematize the clinical features and histological characteristics of lymphomas in AIDS patients, its treatment and outcomes in our institution. Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with HIV-associated lymphoma between January 2001 and December 2008 at the San Borja Arriarán Hospital complex. Results: Information was obtained from 30 patients with NHL and 7 with HL, with a median of 40 years. The majority of tumors were Burkitt lymphoma (47%), diffuse large cell lymphoma B-cell (37%) and NHL of T lineage (10%). There was no CNS or cavities lymphoma. Almost all patients (86.7%) with NHL were treated with CHOP chemotherapy, 57% of those receiving treatment had progression or relapse from complete remission. A rescue chemotherapy was indicated in 4 patients. 73% of patients receiving CHOP, complete 5 to 6 cycles of chemotherapy. The use of CHOP chemotherapy for the subgroup of patients with Burkitt lymphoma achieved low rates of complete remission and frequent relapse and disease progression, showing that CHOP was ineffective in improving survival, especially in high risk patients. We found statistically significant differences in survival according to IPIae (International prognostic Index age-adjusted). Conclusion: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in HIV patients treated with chemotherapy protocols PAlNDA persists in our environment as a disease with a poor prognosis compared with findings in the international literature. The incorporation of new drugs of proven utility as rituximab and specific schemes chemotherapy could improve these results. The establishment of prognostic groups established by IPIae can guide clinical work for the use of chemotherapy tailored to their specific risk and optimized according to histological type.

Introducción: Los linfomas de Hodgkin (LH) y no Hodgkin (LNH) se asocian con alta frecuencia al síndrome de inmunodeficiencia humana en adultos. Objetivo: Sistematizar los aspectos clínicos e histológicos de los linfoma que afectan a pacientes con SIDA, su tratamiento y resultados globales en nuestra institución. Pacientes y Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes con linfoma asociado a VIH entre enero de 2001 y diciembre de 2008 en el complejo hospitalario San Borja Arriarán. Resultados: Se obtuvo información de 30 pacientes con LNH y 7 LH, con una mediana de 40 años. Los tipos histológicos predominantes fueron linfoma de Burkitt (47 %), linfoma difuso de células grandes de estirpe B (37 %) y LNH de estirpe T (10%). No se diagnosticaron LNH del SNC ni linfoma de cavidades. Casi la totalidad de los pacientes (86,7%) con LNH se trataron con esquema CHOP, 57% de quienes recibieron tratamiento presentaron progresión o recaída desde remisión completa, ofreciéndoles una quimioterapia de rescate a cuatro pacientes. El 73% de los pacientes que recibieron CHOP lograron completar entre cinco y seis ciclos de quimioterapia. El uso de quimioterapia CHOP para el subgrupo de pacientes con linfoma de Burkitt alcanzó bajos porcentajes de remisión completa y mayoritariamente progresó la enfermedad, siendo esta quimioterapia, inefectiva para mejorar la sobrevida, especialmente en los pacientes de riesgo alto. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en sobrevida según el IPIae (índice internacional pronóstico ajustado por edad) al ingreso. Conclusión: El LNH en los pacientes con VIH tratados con los protocolos de quimioterapia PANDA persiste en nuestro medio como una enfermedad de muy mal pronóstico comparado con los resultados en la literatura internacional. La incorporación de nuevos fármacos de demostrada utilidad como rituximab y esquemas específicos de quimioterapia podrían mejorar estos resultados. El establecimiento de grupos pronósticos establecidos por IPIae puede orientar el trabajo clínico para el uso de quimioterapia ajustada a su riesgo específico y optimizado según tipo histológico.

Epidemiología del linfoma con compromiso de cabeza y cuello en el Centro Asistencial Sótero del Río / Epidemiology of lymphoma of the head and neck in the Centro Asistencial Sótero del Río

Introducción: Los linfomas son la neoplasia hematológica más frecuente del adulto, ocupando el tercer lugar de las neoplasias de cabeza y cuello (CyC). Se distinguen dos tipos, el linfoma de Hodgkin (LH) y el linfoma no Hodgkin (LNH), constituyendo dos entidades clínicas separadas. Objetivo: Evaluar las manifestaciones de los linfomas en la región de CyC, analizando las diferencias de presentación y comportamiento entre en LH y el LNH. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo de todos los casos de linfomas de CyC en el Centro Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Roo (CASR) entre los años 2005 y 2009, documentando específicamente presentación clínica, factores de riesgo, el tipo de linfoma, diagnóstico histológico, localización anatómica, etapificación al momento del diagnóstico, tratamiento administrado, sobrevida. Resultados: Se incluyeron 80 casos de pacientes con linfoma de CyC en el estudio, 16 (20 por ciento) con LH y 64 (80 por ciento) con LNH. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos para la edad de diagnóstico, el compromiso extranodal, compromiso de mediastino, presencia de síntomas B y sobrevida. Conclusión: En el CASR la presentación de los linfomas es similar a la reportada mundialmente con diferencias similares entre LH y LNH.

Introduction: Lymphomas are the most common hematologic neoplasia in the adult and the third most common neoplasias of the head and neck (CyC). There are two types of lymphoma: Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, which constitute two unique clinical entities. Aim: To evaluate the clinical manifestations of lymphomas in the CyC region, analizing the diferences between the clinical presentation and behavior of LH and LNH. Material and method: This is an retrospective study of all the cases of lymphoma of CyC in the Centro Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río (CASR) between the years 2005 and 2009, describing specifically the clinical presentation, risk factors, type of lymphoma, histologic diagnosis, anatomical localization, etapification at diagnosis, treatment received and survival. Results: Eighty cases of lymphoma of the CyC were included, 16 patients (20 percent) with LH and 64 patients (80 percent) with LNH. We found statistically significant differences between both groups for their age at diagnosis, extranodal disease, mediastinal compromise, presence of "B" symptoms and survival. Conclusion: in the CASR the clinical presentation of lymphomas is similar to that reported in the international literature, maintaining the unique characteristics for LH and LNH.

Outcome of children with Hodgkin's disease. A 10-year experience from a single institution in Kuwait

To evaluate the outcome of children with Hodgkin's disease over a period of Loyrs from a Single instituhon in Kuwait Sixty-three children with previously untreated Hodgkin's disease, who were diagnosed at the Pediatric Oncology Unit of Kuwait Cancer Control Centre, Shuwaikh, Kuwait from January 1998 to December 2007 were included in the study. All cases were proved by histopathology, and staging was carried out according to the Ann Arbor system. Our series included 37 [59%] males and 26 [41%] females with a median age of 10 years [range 3-15 years]. B symptoms were present in 20 [32%] children. Bulky disease was noted in 28 [44%] children, with stages III in 8 [13%] and IV in 12 [19%] children. Chemotherapy was administered as a primary treatment in 63 children. The median number of chemotherapy cycles given was 6 [range 2-8]. Radiotherapy was used in 40 [63%] children. Grade III hematological toxicity was observed in 23[37%] and grade IV in 14 [22%] children. Hypothyroidism was observed in 20 [32%] children. Fifty-five children achieved a complete remission [87%] and 2 children achieved a partial remission [3%] with an overall response rate of 90%. Three children achieved a progressive disease [5%] and response could not be evaluated in 3 [5%] children. At a median follow-up of 67 months [5.5 years], the overall survival was 91%. With moderate toxicity, combined modality therapy is effective in the treatment of childhood Hodgkin's disease

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p53 and MDM2 expression in Hodgkins disease

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Tumor cells in Hodgkins disease (HD) express cell proliferation markers that are evaluated according to the oncogenes involved or the expression of their proteins. Correlations between the protein expression grade and clinical data are now important for disease prognosis. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a retrospective analysis on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p53 and MDM2 (murine double minute-2) expression using immunohistochemistry, on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from diagnostic biopsies on 51 patients with HD. The study was conducted at the Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS: Antigen expression was evaluated as the proportions of positive Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells and reactive lymphocytes (L), which were compared using Spearman correlation coefficients. The Friedman test was used for comparisons between the markers. The Pearson test was used to investigate associations between marker expression and clinical and laboratory parameters, marrow involvement, complete remission (CR) and overall survival (OS) rates. RESULTS: There was overexpression of antigen proteins in HRS, in relation to L (p < 0.001). In HRS, MDM2 was higher than p53 and PCNA (p < 0.003), while the latter two were equivalent. In L, p53 was lower than MDM2 and PCNA (p < 0.001), while the latter two were equivalent. There was no relationship between protein expression and clinical and laboratory variables or outcome. CONCLUSIONS: PCNA, p53 and MDM2 are tumor markers for HD, but showed no clinical or prognostic significance in our analysis.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: As células tumorais da doença de Hodgkin (HD) são positivas para marcadores de proliferação celular que são analisados por seus genes e respectivas proteínas. A correlação entre a expressão destas proteínas e os parâmetros clínico-laboratoriais são, no momento, de importância para o prognóstico da doença. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo retrospectivo da expressão do antígeno de proliferação celular (PCNA) e da p53 e MDM2 em tecidos obtidos ao diagnóstico, fixados por formol, embebidos em parafina de 51 pacientes com HD. O trabalho foi realizado na Divisão de Hematologia e Transfusão, Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: As expressões antigênicas foram analisadas através da proporção de células de Hodgkin e células de Reed Sternberg (HRS) e linfócitos reacionais (L) positivos. A intensidade de expressão de cada proteína foi comparada entre L e HRS através do coeficiente de Spearman. A comparação da PCNA, p53 e MDM2 em L e HRS se fez pelo teste de Fiedman. As correlações entre variáveis clínico-laboratoriais, comprometimento da medula óssea, taxas de sobrevida geral e remissão clínica com as proteínas em HRS se fizeram pelo coeficiente de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Houve superexpressão das três proteínas em células HRS comparadas aos L (p < 0,001). Nas células HRS, a MDM2 foi maior que a p53 e a PCNA (p < 0,003), que foram equivalentes. Nos L, a p53 foi menor que a MDM2 e a PCNA (p < 0,001), que foram equivalentes Não houve relação entre as expressões das proteínas com as variáveis clínico-laboratoriais e sobrevida. CONCLUSÕES: PCNA, p53 e MDM2 são marcadores tumorais na HD, porém não mostraram significado clínico-prognóstico em nossa análise.

Radiation induced esophageal cancer in Hodgkin's disease

An interesting case was found while audit / computation of previous medical record during last year at Nuclear Institute of Medical Radiotherapy Jamshoro - Pakistan. Case was a young lady who presented with upper third esophageal carcinoma some 14 years, after the patient had external beam radiotherapy by upper mantle field set up for stage I-A Hodgkin's disease. Long latent period, site of the second cancer at the most in-homogenous dose distribution during previous radiotherapy and deviation of age at presentation from standards seem the previous radiotherapy as cause of this second primary cancer. This case report will help to identify the factors / tools responsible for this deadly complication and for improvement in the management profile of such patients

Treatment of Hodgkin's Disease: A Twenty-Year Follow-up of Patients at a Center in Korea

Hodgkin's disease (HD) is a hematologic malignancy which shows common features regardless of race, but racial differences may be considered with certain clinical characteritcs. HD in Korea shows somewhat different characteristics when compared to cases in Western countries. We evaluated the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of HD, the outcomes of various chemotherapy regimens, and prognostic factors of HD in Korea. One hundred and five patients with initial histopathologic diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease were retrospectively reviewed 20 years after diagnosis at Yonsei University College of Medicine. Nodular sclerosis was the most common histopathogic subtype (41%) and mixed cellularity was nearly as common (40%). The overall complete remission rate (CR) was 87.6%. The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rate were 79.2% and 84.8% at 5-years, 70% and 79.2% at 10- and 20-years. There were no significant differences in CR rate and DFS, but OS rates were significantly higher in m-BACOP and ABVD regimen. Univariate analysis revealed that age, B-symptom, ECOG scale, Ann Arbor stage, international prognostic index, and serum beta2-microglobulin level were significant prognostic factors for both DFS and OS. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age, B symptoms, and ECOG scale were significant prognostic factors for OS only. In conclusion, the survival rates of HD patients in our center were superior to those of previous reports in Korea and Western countries. Considering the higher OS rate and decreased incidence of side effects, the ABVD regimen may be recommended for the initial treatment of Hodgkin's disease.

Tendencias de la incidencia y la mortalidad de los linfomas en Cuba / Trens in lymphomas incidence and mortality in Cuba

Antecedentes: En Cuba, los linfomas se han incluido tradicionalmente entre las localizaciones de cáncer más frecuentes. Objetivos: Se describió el comportamiento de la incidencia y la mortalidad de los linfomas entre 1976 y 1990, de acuerdo a las principales variables epidemiológicas: edad , sexo y variedad histológica. Método: Se incluyeron todos los casos reportados al Registro Nacional de Cáncer entre 1976 y 1990. Los casos fueron agrupados en las dos categorías diagnósticas clásicas: Efermedad de Hodgkin y Linfomas no Hodgkinianos y de acuerdo al momento de reporte, en tres períodos quinquenales. Fueron calculadas las tasas específicas para los grupos de edad y las tasas estandarizadas a la población mundial. Resultados: Una marcada masculinidad fue encontrada en ambas categorias diagnósticas tanto en la incidencia como en la mortalidad. La incidencia tanto en la Enfermedad de Hodgkin como en los Linfomas no Hodgkinianos ha tenido un comportamiento ascendente en el tiempo. Un aumento de la tendencia, tanto de la incidencia como de la mortalidad, se observa para el grupo de edad de 65 años y más, mientras que la disminución de la mortalidad está clara para el grupo de 0-14 años.

Epithelioid granulomas in Hodgkin's disease--prognostic significance.

Prognostic significance of non-caseating epithelioid granulomas in association with Hodgkin's disease has been studied. Such granulomas were found in 15 of the total of 104 cases of Hodgkin's disease encountered between Jan. 1981 and June 1990. These 15 patients were compared with 30 concurrent patients of Hodgkin's disease who did not have associated granulomas. All the patients were initially staged, treated and followed up for a period of two years. There was no significant difference in overall survival rate between the granuloma group and the control group. However, in relapse free survival rate in advanced stages of the disease (III & IV), although the difference between granuloma group and the control group was not statistically significant (p = 0.11), yet the relapse free survival curves revealed a tendency towards better survival with lesser number of relapses and longer remissions in granuloma group.

Transplante autólogo de células precursoras de sangre periférica en linfomas malignos / Autologous transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells in malignant lymphomas

The administration of high dose chemotherapy and or radiotherapy with autologous hematopoietic rescue has become a treatment modality with increasing number of indications in a variety of malignant conditions. Improvements in the conditioning regimens and supportive measures used, as well as a more refined patient selection based on prognostic factors, have resulted in progressively better results. The availability of precursor cells from peripheral blood has allowed a faster restoration of hematopoiesis, decreasing the period and intensity of myelosuppression. The following revision gives an updated image of the accumulated experience with this mode of support in malignant lymphomas.

Tratamiento de la enfermedad de Hodgkin: protocolo nacional de drogas antineoplásicas: informe preliminar / Treatment of Hodgkin's disease: National Protocol on Antineoplastic Drugs: preliminary report

We report preliminary results of treatment of Hodgkin disease according to the National Protocol on Antineoplastic Drugs. 37 males and 22 females with a median age of 34 years (range 16 to 76) were treated. Patients with stages I or II received radiotherapy alone or chemotherapy (C-MOPP) followed by radiotherapy. Patients with stages III or IV received radiotherapy and chemotherapy or alternating courses of D-MOPP and ABVD. Complete remission was observed in 74% of 39 patients completing full therapy. Complete remission was more common in patients with nodular sclerosis without B symptoms and under 45 years of age. Actuarial survival at 22 months was 79%, significantly higher for patients with nodular sclerosis compared to patients with lymphocytic depletion. Different treatments in patients at stages I an II or III and IV gave comparable results. Complications included infection with the Chickenpox-Zoster virus, pneumonia and fever of Unknown origin. Mortality was associated to older age, complications of treatment or failure to comply with therapy

Enfermedad de Hodgkin en el niño: tratamiento combinado COPP modificado y radioterapia en estadios avanzados / Hodgkin's disease in children: modified COPP combined treatment and radiotherapy in advanced stages

Veintidós pacientes de la X Región menores de 15 años,con enfermedad de Hodgkin en estadios avanzados (8 III-A, 6 III-B y 8 IV-B), fueron tratados en el hospital de Valdivia en el decenio 1976-1985 con quimioterapia (esquema COPP modificado) y radioterapia. La sobrevida fue de 77,3% y la remisión completa mantida de 64,5% con un período de observación entre 3 y 13 años (mediana de observación 70 meses).Cinco pacientes fallecieron dentro de los dos primeros años y uno sofrió recidiva en el décimo año del seguimiento, pero volvió a presentar remisión completa. El tipo histológico depleción linfocitaria (5 casos) tuvo una sobrevida de 20,0%, mientras que la celularidad mixta (14 casos) tuvo una sobrevida de 92,9% (p = menor de 0,01). No se observaron en este grupo casos de segunda neoplasias atribuibles a la quimioterapia y radioterapia