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1.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e245027, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1431133

ABSTRACT

Este artigo versa sobre o processo de desligamento institucional por maioridade de jovens que residem em serviços de acolhimento. Aposta-se em uma política do sensível para visibilizar os encontros e desencontros que acontecem entre as e os jovens e as políticas públicas brasileiras. Para tanto, realizaram-se encontros com jovens que já haviam passado pelo processo de desligamento e com jovens que logo completariam 18 anos e teriam de sair das instituições de acolhimento. Para tornar visíveis essas existências, investiu-se na escrita de biografemas, inspirados na obra de Roland Barthes. Os conceitos de necropolítica e vidas precárias foram fundamentais para compreender as omissões do Estado no momento do desligamento. Verificou-se que o Estado pode maximizar a precariedade de algumas vidas, especialmente daquelas marcadas por características de raça, gênero e classe culturalmente marginalizados. Contudo, é também o encontro com as políticas públicas que garante melhores condições de vida para alguns, facilitando o acesso à universidade e ao mercado de trabalho. A pesquisa aponta que, diante do abandono, as e os jovens se fazem vagalumes, produzindo luminosidades em meio à escuridão e reivindicando o direito à vida.(AU)


This article discusses the process of institutional removal of young people that reside in foster care institutions for reaching adulthood. It relies on a politics of the sensitive to make visible the encounters and mismatches that take place between young people and Brazilian public policies. To do so, meetings were held with young people who had already experienced the removal process and with young people who would soon turn 18 and would have to leave the host institutions. To make these existences visible, this study invested in the writing of biographems, inspired by the works of Roland Barthes. The concepts of necropolitics and precarious lives were fundamental to understand the omissions of the State at the time of removal. It was also found that the State can maximize the precariousness of some lives, especially those marked by culturally marginalized race, gender, and class characteristics. However, it is also the encounter with public policies that ensures better living conditions for some, facilitating access to the university and the labor market. This research points out that, in the face of abandonment, young people become fireflies, producing luminosity amid the darkness and claiming the right to life.(AU)


Este artículo aborda el proceso de desconexión institucional justificado por la edad adulta de los jóvenes que residen en los servicios de acogida. Utilizamos una política sensible para hacer visibles las reuniones y los desajustes que tienen lugar entre los jóvenes y las políticas públicas brasileñas. Con este fin, se celebraron reuniones con los jóvenes que ya habían pasado por el proceso de desconexión institucional y también con los jóvenes que pronto cumplirían los 18 años y tendrían que abandonar las instituciones de acogida. Para hacer visibles estas existencias, se redactaron biografemas, inspirados en el trabajo de Roland Barthes. Los conceptos de necropolítica y vida precaria fueron fundamentales para comprender las omisiones del Estado en el momento de la desconexión. Se encontró que el Estado puede maximizar la precariedad de algunas vidas, principalmente de aquellas marcadas por características de raza, género y clase culturalmente marginadas. Sin embargo, el encuentro con las políticas también puede garantizar mejores condiciones de vida para algunos, facilitándoles el acceso a la universidad y al mercado laboral. Esta investigación señala que, ante el abandono, los jóvenes se convierten en luciérnagas, produciendo luminosidad en medio de la oscuridad y reclamando el derecho a la vida.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Public Policy , Adolescent , Deinstitutionalization , Institutionalization , Orientation , Personal Satisfaction , Pregnancy in Adolescence , Prejudice , Psychology , Safety , Self Concept , Sex Offenses , Social Behavior Disorders , Social Change , Social Control, Formal , Social Problems , Social Responsibility , Social Support , Social Welfare , Socioeconomic Factors , Sociology , Unemployment , Violence , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Child Labor , Biographies as Topic , Bereavement , Child Custody , Adaptation, Psychological , Career Mobility , Charities , Child Abuse , Child Advocacy , Child, Institutionalized , Child Welfare , Organizations , Health , Mental Health , Data Collection , Life Expectancy , Mortality , Adolescent, Institutionalized , Coercion , Homeless Youth , Crime , Criminal Law , Shelter , Armed Conflicts , Culture , Custodial Care , Personal Autonomy , Moral Obligations , Public Power , Death , Law Enforcement , Minors , Vulnerable Populations , Human Rights Abuses , Dependency, Psychological , Growth and Development , Education , Empathy , Employee Discipline , Employment , Social Investment Projects , Resilience, Psychological , Bullying , Racism , Community Integration , Drug Trafficking , Emotional Adjustment , Underage Drinking , Criminal Behavior , Social Segregation , Psychosocial Support Systems , Frailty , Foster Home Care , Survivorship , Recidivism , Freedom , Self-Neglect , Emotional Abuse , Social Interaction , Citizenship , Family Support , Helplessness, Learned , Homicide , Human Rights , Income , Juvenile Delinquency , Malpractice
2.
Rev. polis psique ; 12(2): 87-107, 2022-12-21.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1517502

ABSTRACT

O artigo relata intervenção psicossocial desenvolvida em instituição de acolhimento para adolescentes do sexo masculino com trajetória de vida nas ruas. Tratou-se de atuação em estágio curricular em Processos Psicossociais, tendo como aporte teórico a Psicologia Social Jurídica. A partir do levantamento, por meio da observação-participante, das demandas para capacitação dos educadores dessa instituição, elaborou-se intervenção que visou fortalecer o acolhimento institucional como um local de proteção, por meio do trabalho realizado com os educadores. O despreparo dos integrantes da rede de assistência social e saúde, a insuficiência de políticas públicas voltadas para a juventude no município e outros fatores decorrentes do estigma atribuído aos adolescentes acolhidos, majoritariamente negros e pobres, remetem às situações de violências e de violações de direitos que tem implicações subjetivas, econômicas, políticas, sociais e culturais. Como prática psi de enfrentamento ao racismo estrutural, intervir neste local auxilia na construção de uma sociedade justa e igualitária. (AU)


The intend of this article is to present the psychosocial intervention activities carried out in an institutional foster home facility for homelessness youth males. This involves acting in a Psychosocial Internship Curriculum, using Law & Social Psychology as its theoretical foundation. Based on the assessment developed through participant observation, the demands and instrumentation technician education requirements were developed that aimed to strengthen the institutional reception as a place of protection through the work carried out with the educators. The unpreparedness of the health care and social services network members, the inadequacy of public policies aimed at youth in the city of Belo Horizonte, and other factors resulting from the dangerousness speech attributed to the youth males received, mostly black and poor, lead to situations of violence and violations of human rights that it has subjective, economic, political, social and cultural implications. As a psicological practice to confronting structural racism, intervening in this place helps to build a just and egalitarian society. (AU)


Este artículo relata una intervención psicosocial desarrollada en una institución de acogida institucional para adolescentes del sexo masculino con trayectoria de vida en las calles. Esta fue una actuación en prácticas curriculares en Procesos Psicosociales, teniendo como soporte teórico la Psicología Social Jurídica. A partir de una encuesta, a través de la observación participante, de las demandas de capacitación de los educadores de esta institución, la intervención se elaboró con el objetivo de fortalecer la recepción institucional como lugar de protección, a través del trabajo realizado con los educadores. La falta de preparación de los miembros de la asistencia social y salud, la insuficiencia de políticas públicas dirigidas para la juventud en el municipio y otros factores resultantes del discurso de peligrosidad a los adolescentes recibidos, en su mayoría negros y pobres, conducen a situaciones de violencia y violaciones de los derechos que tienen implicaciones subjetivas, económicas, políticas, sociales y culturales. Cómo prática Psi de confrontar al racismo estructural, intervenir en este lugar ayuda a construir una sociedad justa y igualitaria. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent, Institutionalized/psychology , User Embracement , Faculty/psychology , Psychosocial Intervention/methods , Social Vulnerability , Child Welfare/psychology , Homeless Youth/psychology , Faculty/education
3.
African Health Sciences ; 22(3): 47-61, 2022-10-26. Figures, Tables
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1400957

ABSTRACT

Background Information: According to the United Nations, about 150 million youth spent most of their time on the street, or better still, homeless. This is becoming a global phenomenon and majority of this vulnerable people live in large cities and urban areas of developing countries. Street youths are among the high risk, insecure and vulnerable groups who are often exposed to various forms of abuses and diseases, including reproductive health issues. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among street youths in Ikorodu Local Government, Lagos State using a multi staged sampling technique. Frequency tables were drawn at the univariate level, chi squared was used to test for association between socio-demographic characteristics and sexual risk level. Data was analyzed using SPPSS version 22, p value was set at 0.05 Results: Almost half 48(48.5%) of the respondents were between the age range 20-24years and two third 61(61.6%) of them were female and 27(27.3%) had up to senior secondary education attainments. Majority 73(73.7%) of them have been on the street for more than 3months and 32 (32.3%) professed that the reason they were on the street was to search for job while 25 (25.3%) because of family disharmony among parents. Eighty-six (86.9%) of the respondents were sexually active, 31 (36.0%) of which have more than four sexual partners. Duration of stay on the street and their educational status were determinants of risky sexual behavior and polygamous setting was found to be statistically significant (p value =0.035) with reproductive health challenges. Conclusion: There is high risk sexual practice among street youths in Ikorodu Local Government. Strategic interventions aimed at minimizing sexual risky behaviors among street youths should focus on reducing the duration of stay on the street as well as increasing access to contraception


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Homeless Youth , Reproductive Health , Nigeria , United Nations
4.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 26(11): 5701-5710, nov. 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350473

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a prevalência de exploração sexual entre crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua e as características associadas a este desfecho. Neste estudo transversal, conduzido nos municípios de Rio Grande e Porto Alegre-RS, os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com os participantes, as quais foram conduzidas por entrevistadores treinados. O método de amostragem foi o Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) e as análises estatísticas foram conduzidas por meio da regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto da variância. A amostra foi composta por 186 crianças e adolescentes com idades entre 10 e 17 anos, das quais 8% relataram ter tido experiência de exploração sexual. Ter idade entre 16 e 17 anos, ter sofrido relação sexual forçada e não ter vínculo escolar foram características independentemente associadas a este desfecho. Foi observada que a falta de vínculo escolar aumentou em 16 vezes a probabilidade de sofrer exploração sexual, sendo o principal fator de risco identificado neste estudo. Sugere-se que a inclusão e permanência das crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua no contexto escolar possa reduzir significativamente o risco de exploração sexual entre esta população.


Abstract The scope of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sexual exploitation of homeless children and adolescents living on the streets, as well as characteristics associated with this outcome. In this cross-sectional investigation, carried out in the municipalities of Rio Grande and Porto Alegre-RS, data were collected through interviews, which were conducted by trained interviewers. The Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) strategy was adopted and statistical analyses were conducted using Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance. The sample included 186 children and adolescents between 10 and 17 years of age, of which 8% reported having been subjected to sexual exploitation. Being 16 to 17 years old, having had forced sexual intercourse and not having bonds with school were characteristics independently associated with this outcome. It was observed that the lack of contact with school increased the probability 16-fold of having suffered sexual exploitation, being considered the main risk factor in this study. The proposition is that the inclusion and permanence of homeless children and adolescents living on the streets into schools might significantly reduce the risk of sexual exploitation of this population group.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Homeless Youth , Sexual Behavior , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Coitus
5.
Prensa méd. argent ; 106(9): 568-573, 20200000. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1363010

ABSTRACT

Background. Street children are a real phenomenon in everyday life that cause complex social and health problems, dirty appearance, come from poor families, slum settlements or even street children do not have a place to live. The number of homeless people, beggars and street children has decreased, there were 990 street children and homeless people with beggars in Makassar City in 2012. There were 798 street children in Makassar City in 2016 who were recorded by Social Service officers from a number of points. Makassar road with various problems. This number includes 257 street children, 249 homeless and beggars, 58 buskers, 41 prostitutes, 5 transgender women, 63 drug users, and 125 mental disorders. The results of the observations of street children were found with traffic light and garbage disposal sites. These places are often found with dirty, dirty appearance, dirty clothes, smelly, unkempt hair, dirty hands, not wearing sandals and sometimes they eat without washing their hands, which can cause health problems for street children. Based on this background, the researcher is interested in examining the factors related to the personal hygiene of street children in the final waste disposal site in Manggala District, Makassar City. Material and Methods. The research is analytic observation using the Cross-Sectional study. The study was conducted in 21 October 2019 - 31 December 2019. The population was the patients with street children numbered 88 people, a purposive sampling technique was applied through chic square, uji continuity correction and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results. The results showed that the variables age, gender, education and knowledge had a relationship with personal hygiene (pvalue 0.035), the R-square value was 0.897, which means that the ability of the independent variable to explain the dependent variable was 89.7% and 10.3% explained. by factors other than variables. Conclusion. Knowledge variable has a significant effect on personal hygiene (pvalue <0.001), the magnitude of the influence is indicated by the value of Exp (B) 26.6, which means that street children who are knowledgeable are at least 26.6 times less likely to have personal hygiene than street children with good knowledge


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Poverty , Social Conditions , Social Problems , Health Education/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies/statistics & numerical data , Homeless Youth/education
6.
Rev. SPAGESP ; 21(1): 77-91, jan.-jun. 2020.
Article in English | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1092174

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar o convívio de adolescentes em medida socioeducativa de internação com os agentes socioeducativos, a partir da perspectiva dos adolescentes. Foram realizadas entrevistas com dez adolescentes, entre 16 e 18 anos, em uma unidade socioeducativa de Porto Alegre e os dados foram tratados a partir da análise temática. A função dos agentes socioeducativos foi entendida prioritariamente como de segurança. Relações hostis e autoritárias foram identificadas, ocasionando um convívio conflituoso e distante da proposta pedagógica prevista à medida socioeducativa. Foram descritas também relações positivas que propiciavam suporte emocional e impulsionavam o desenvolvimento integral dos adolescentes. Investimentos em educação permanente para os profissionais e a otimização das relações positivas podem favorecer o processo socioeducativo.


This research aim to characterizes the coexistence of juvenile offenders with employees from a treatment facility, from the juvenile offenders' perspective. Interviews were conducted with ten juvenile offenders, between 16 and 18 years old, at a treatment facility in Porto Alegre and data were treated based on thematic analysis. The main employees function was understood as security. Participants identified hostile and authoritarian relations, which result in a conflicted living far from the pedagogical proposal foreseen to treatment facilities. They also described positive relations which provided emotional support and fostered their integral development. Investments in permanent education for professionals and optimization of the positive relationships may favor the educational process at treatment facilities.


El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar la convivencia de adolescentes en medida socioeducativa de internación con los agentes socioeducativos, desde la perspectiva de los adolescentes. Se realizaron entrevistas con diez adolescentes entre 16 y 18 años en una unidad socioeducativa de Porto Alegre y los datos fueron organizados a partir de un análisis temático. La función de los agentes socioeducativos fue entendida prioritariamente como de seguridad. Relaciones hostiles y autoritarias fueron identificadas, ocasionando una convivencia conflictiva y distante de la propuesta pedagógica prevista a la medida socioeducativa. Se describieron también relaciones positivas que propiciaban soporte emocional e impulsaban el desarrollo integral de los adolescentes. Las inversiones en educación permanente para los profesionales y la optimización de las relaciones positivas pueden favorecer el proceso socioeducativo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent, Institutionalized , Homeless Youth , Interpersonal Relations
8.
São Paulo; s.n; 2019. 148 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1049427

ABSTRACT

As relações familiares constituem objeto das ações do Estado que, visando a promoção do cuidado e garantia dos direitos infantojuvenis, atende por meio de abrigos crianças e adolescentes que habitaram a rua ou passaram, por diversas razões, pelo processo de deserção familiar. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o processo de reinserção familiar de crianças que habitaram a rua e instituições de acolhimento por meio de narrativas de profissionais de abrigos, famílias e das próprias crianças. Adicionalmente, objetivou-se investigar o potencial benéfico e os grandes desafios deste processo que, não raras vezes, incorre em repetidas reinstitucionalizações de crianças previamente reinseridas em suas famílias. A metodologia aplicada foi definida a partir de contribuições teóricas da etnografia e da entrevista etnográfica. Foi realizado acompanhamento de 2 famílias atendidas por uma instituição de acolhimento infantojuvenil por meio de entrevistas etnográficas, visitas presenciais e registros em diários de campo. Também foram analisados documentos da instituição de acolhimento para contribuir com o levantamento da trajetória e das experiências das crianças e familiares entrevistados. A análise de dados ocorreu em articulação teórica com a perspectiva dos Estudos Sociais da Infância, visando gerar contribuições enriquecedoras para o campo de pesquisa, diante de um cenário social permeado por conquistas contemporâneas, bem como pelos desafios das políticas públicas voltadas à defesa do direito à convivência familiar e comunitária da criança e do adolescente. Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível concluir que o manejo e a qualidade de escuta das crianças e familiares por parte da equipe técnica do serviço de acolhimento e de toda a rede de garantia de direitos pode oferecer subsídios ou obstáculos ao processo de reinserção familiar de acordo com as concepções de família que os profissionais adotam e norteiam a sua atuação prática.


Family relations are the object of the State's actions, which, aiming at promoting care and guaranteeing children's rights, provide childcare services to children and adolescents who lived in the streets or, for various reasons, went through the process of family desertion. This study analyzed the process of family reintegration of children who lived in the streets and childcare institutions through narratives of shelter professionals, families and the children themselves. Additionally, this research aimed to investigate the beneficial potential and the main challenges of this process that often incurs repeated reinstitutionalizations of children previously reinserted in their families. The applied methodology was defined from theoretical contributions of ethnography and ethnographic interview. Two families assisted by a childcare institution were accompanied through ethnographic interviews, presential visits and field diary records. Documents from the host institution were also analyzed to contribute to the researched children and families' trajectory and experiences mapping. Data analysis was conducted in theoretical articulation with the perspective of the Social Studies of Childhood, aiming to generate enriching contributions to this research field, facing a social scenario permeated by contemporary achievements, as well as the challenges of public policies aimed to defending the right to family and community life of children and adolescents. With the results obtained, it was concluded that the management and listening quality of children and family members by the technical staff of the care services can offer subsidies or obstacles to the process of family reintegration according to the family conceptions that professionals adopt and with which guide their practice.


Subject(s)
Public Policy , Homeless Youth , Child, Foster
9.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1259929

ABSTRACT

Objective To obtain an estimate of the size of, and human immunodeficiency (HIV) prevalence among, young people and children living on the streets of Eldoret, Kenya. Methods We counted young people and children using a point-in-time approach, ensuring we reached our target population by engaging relevant community leaders during the planning of the study. We acquired point-in-time count data over a period of 1 week betweethe hours of 08:00 and 23:00, from both a stationary site and by mobile teams. Participants provided demographic data and a finger print(to avoid double-counting) and were encouraged to speak with an HIV counsellor and undergo HIV testing. We used a logistic regression (model to test for an association between age or sex and uptake of HIV testing and seropositivity. Findings Of the 1419 eligible participants counted, 1049 (73.9%) were male with a median age of 18 years. Of the 1029 who spoke with a counsellor, 1004 individuals accepted HIV counselling and 947 agreed to undergo an HIV test. Combining those who were already aware of their HIV-positive status with those who were tested during our study resulted in an overall HIV seroprevalence of 4.1%. The seroprevalence was 2.7% (19/698) for males and 8.9% (23/259) for females. We observed an increase in seroprevalence with increasing age for both sexes, but of much greater magnitude for females. Conclusion By counting young people and children living on the streets and offering them HIV counselling and testing, we could obtain population-based estimates of HIV prevalence


Subject(s)
Child , HIV Infections/prevention & control , HIV Seroprevalence , Homeless Youth , Kenya , Young Adult
10.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1261917

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Traditional research and practices focused on an investigation of risk factors to handle psychosocial problems street children faced while surviving on the street. However, more recently, attention has been given to how knowledge can be developed in the area to devise interventions that reflect the promotion of resilience as a means of achieving positive outcomes for the children. The purpose of this study was to explore the psychosocial conditions and resilience status of street children in Jimma Town. METHODS: Explanatory sequential research design was employed. Out of 246 teenager street children, 137 were selected using simple random sampling. Questionnaire, interview guide and FGD probes were used in data collection. Mean and standard deviation, multiple regression analysis and Man Whitney U T-test were used to analyze quantitative data; while discourse analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. RESULTS: The result of multiple regression analysis indicated that anxiety significantly predicted resilience status, b=.623, t (109)=8.418, p˂.001. Anxiety also explained a significant proportion of the variance in resilience status, R2=.388, F (112) = 70.86, p ˂.001. Further, the result revealed that street children had slow growing resilience status in which boys were more resilient than girls. CONCLUSION: Street children in Jimma Town faced various psychosocial challenges and had low resilience status. Thus, Jimma Town Women and Children Affairs Office ought to work to build resilience status of street children, in collaboration with different stakeholders in and around the town


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Ethiopia , Homeless Youth , Psychosocial Deprivation , Risk Factors
11.
Rev. latinoam. cienc. soc. niñez juv ; 16(2): 809-823, jul.-dic. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-978573

ABSTRACT

Resumen (analítico): En este artículo describimos los resultados de la investigación realizada en la Casa de Acogida para jóvenes de Medellín, trabajo en el que buscamos dar cuenta de la autopercepción de los individuos jóvenes en situación de calle que están en una etapa de recuperación, en relación con la forma en que los perciben los otros. Para ello, implementamos una metodología de investigación de tipo cualitativa, orientada por un enfoque fenomenológico que permitiera la reconstrucción de sus experiencias. En el diseño metodológico mezclamos técnicas experienciales con la realización de grupos focales, lo que nos permitió el levantamiento de la información. Entre los hallazgos presentamos las reflexiones que las personas jóvenes realizan sobre su proceso de resocialización, la estigmatización y las iniciativas relacionadas con el cambio de vida.


Abstract (analytical): This article describes the results of research carried out in the Medellin Youth Reception House. The study explored the self-perception of homeless youth who are now in the recovery phase, in terms of how they are perceived by others. A methodology of qualitative investigation using a phenomenological approach was applied and facilitated the reconstruction of their experiences. The information was gathered using a mix of experiential techniques and focus groups. The results of the study include the subjects' reflections on their process of re-socialization, stigmatization and initiatives related to how they changed their lives form. change of life are among the findings in this study.


Resumo (analítico): Neste artigo se descrevem os resultados da pesquisa realizada no Abrigo para jovens de Medellín, que procurou explicar a auto-percepção dos jovens moradores de rua que estão em uma fase de recuperação, em relação à forma como eles são percebidos pelos outros, para o qual foi implementada uma metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa guiada por uma abordagem fenomenológica que permitiria a reconstrução das suas experiências. No desenho metodológico foram misturadas técnicas experienciais com a realização de grupos focais que permitiram o levantamento da informação. Entre os resultados são apresentadas as reflexões que os jovens fizeram sobre o seu processo de ressocialização, a estigmatização e as iniciativas relacionadas com a mudança de vida.


Subject(s)
Homeless Youth
12.
Rev. latinoam. cienc. soc. niñez juv ; 16(2): 995-1008, jul.-dic. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-978585

ABSTRACT

Resumen (analítico): Este artículo presenta resultados de un estudio realizado en la ciudad de Montevideo, acerca de cómo se construye la noción de sujeto de atención en las políticas dirigidas a niños, niñas y adolescentes en situación de calle. A partir de los estudios de gubernamentalidad se analizan las estrategias y técnicas de gestión del problema, desde la visión de los cargos de dirección de las políticas y de trabajadores de un proyecto que realiza la atención directa en territorio. Siguiendo un enfoque metodológico cualitativo se realiza una cartografía social con técnicas de observación participante y entrevistas semi-dirigidas. Concluimos que la definición del sujeto es el resultado de un proceso constante e inacabado, en donde intervienen una serie de elementos heterogéneos que es necesario hacer visibles.


Abstract (analytical): This article presents the results of a study implemented in the city of Montevideo on how government policies define the subject that receives assistance, the target population for social policies for street children is constructed. After studying the policies developed for this population, the strategies and techniques for managing the problem are analyzed through work of the people that guide the policies as well as staff that provide direct assistance in the territory. Using a qualitative methodological approach, social cartography with participant observation techniques and semi-guided interviews were carried out. The authors conclude that the definition of the subject that receives assistance is the result of a constant and unfinished process that involves a series of heterogeneous elements that more people need to know about.


Resumo (analítico): Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo realizado na cidade de Montevidéu, sobre como é construída as noções de sujeito de atendimento das políticas dirigidas a crianças e adolescentes em uma situação de rua. A partir dos estudos de governabilidade, são analisadas as estratégias e técnicas de gestão do problema, a partir da visão das posições de direção das políticas e dos trabalhadores de um projeto que realiza a atenção direta no territorio. Seguindo uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa realiza-se uma cartografia social, utilizando técnicas de observação participante e entrevistas semi-direcionadas. Concluímos que a definição do sujeito é o resultado de um processo constante e inacabado, envolvendo uma série de elementos heterogêneos que devem ser visíveis.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Homeless Youth
13.
Psicol. teor. prát ; 20(3): 167-179, Sept.-Dec. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-984891

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de um estudo de caso de um adolescente em situação de rua, 17 anos de idade, sexo masculino, homossexual e vítima da exploração sexual (ES). O estudo teve como objetivo descrever, em sua trajetória de vida, os condicionantes relacionados ao ingresso na ES, à permanência nela e à saída dela. Foram realizadas três entrevistas. O envolvimento com a ES começou aos 12 anos com a finalidade de ajudar financeiramente a família e custear o uso de drogas do adolescente. Sublinha-se o envolvimento com a rua que teve relação com a possibilidade de vivência da homossexualidade e da travestilidade. Alguns fatores na trajetória de vida, como namorar, trabalhar e ter sua moradia, contribuíram para saída da ES e interrupção do uso de drogas. Verificaram-se múltiplas violências na trajetória do adolescente, entretanto, destacam-se as relações de afeto e as oportunidades de melhoria das condições de vida como fatores potenciais para enfrentamento da ES.


This is a case study of an adolescent in street situation, 17 years old, male, homosexual and victim of sexual exploitation (SE). The objectives of the study were to describe in life trajectory the conditions related to the entrance, permanence and leaving out of SE. We conducted three interviews. Involvement with the SE began to 12 years in order to financially support the family and pay for the adolescent drug use. It emphasizes the involvement with the street that was related to the possibility of living of homosexuality and transvestism. Some factors on the trajectory of life as dating, working and have your housing contributed to leave the SE and interruption of the drug use. Multiple violence was identified in the adolescent's trajectory, however, the relations of affection and opportunities for improvement of the living conditions as potential factors to coping the SE.


Es un estudio de caso de un adolescente en situación de calle, 17 anos, sexo masculino, homosexual y víctima de la explotación sexual (ES). El objetivo es describir en su trayectoria de vida los condicionantes relacionados al ingreso, permanencia y salida de la ES. Fueron realizadas tres entrevistas. La participación con la ES comenzó a los 12 anos para ayudar económicamente a la familia y costear el uso de drogas del adolescente. La implicación con la calle tuvo relación con la posibilidad de vivencia de la homosexualidad y travestismo. Algunos factores en la trayectoria de vida como enamorar, trabajar y tener su propia casa contribuyeron con la salida de la ES e interrupción del uso de drogas. Se verificaron múltiples violencias en su trayectoria, se destacan las relaciones de afecto y las oportunidades de mejora de las condiciones de vida como factores potenciales para el enfrentamiento de la ES.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sex Offenses , Social Conditions , Ill-Housed Persons , Adolescent , Homeless Youth , Psychology , Violence , Child Labor , Brazil , Homosexuality , Illicit Drugs , Interview , Men
14.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(4): 1055-1066, abr. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952644

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é identificar a prevalência de experiência de gravidez e aborto e os fatores associados em crianças, adolescentes e jovens em situação de rua, das cidades de Porto Alegre e Rio Grande, RS, Brasil. Neste estudo transversal, como método de amostragem, foi utilizado o Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS), inovador em pesquisas com populações de difícil acesso. Foram entrevistados 307 indivíduos, com idade entre 10 e 21 anos. Na análise multivariada foi utilizada regressão de Poisson, com ajuste robusto da variância. A maioria dos participantes foi do sexo masculino, sem vínculos com escola e com a família. Quase metade estava há cinco anos ou mais na rua, permanecendo mais de 15 horas diárias nela. A prevalência de experiência de gravidez foi de 29,3%, estando independentemente associada com ser do sexo feminino, ter mais de 10 parceiros sexuais no último ano, ter parceiro sexual fixo no último ano e ter mais idade. A prevalência de experiência de aborto foi de 10,4%, estando associado com não morar com a família, ter duas ou mais gravidezes e ter menos idade. A alta prevalência de experiência de gravidez e aborto aponta para a necessidade de melhores políticas de saúde sexual e reprodutiva específicas para esta população.


Abstract The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of pregnancy and abortion experience, along with associated factors among street children, adolescents and youths in Porto Alegre and Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. The sampling method in this cross-sectional study was Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS), innovative in research about hidden populations. Interviews were conducted with 307 subjects, aged 10 to 21 years. In multivariate analysis, Poisson regression with a robust error variance was used. Most of this sample were males, with no contact with school and family. Almost half of the participants had been on the street for five years or more, spending more than 15 hours per day on the streets. The prevalence of pregnancy experience was 29.3%, independently associated with being a girl, having 10 sexual partners or more in the last year, having a fixed sexual partner in the last year, and being older. The prevalence of abortion experience was 10.4%, independently associated with not living with the family, having more than two pregnancies, and being younger. The high prevalence of pregnancy and abortion experience highlights the need for the development of better sexual and reproductive health policies focused on this population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Young Adult , Pregnancy in Adolescence/statistics & numerical data , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Abortion, Induced/statistics & numerical data , Homeless Youth/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Sexual Partners , Poisson Distribution , Sex Factors , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Age Factors
15.
Rev. psicol. (Fortaleza, Online) ; 9(1): 107-116, jan.-jun 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-878332

ABSTRACT

A intervenção para o enfrentamento à situação de rua de crianças e adolescentes é discutida a partir de estudo de avaliação do Serviço Ação Rua. Utiliza-se delineamento qualitativo de Estudo de Caso Único com Unidades de Análise Incorporadas, envolvendo inserção ecológica, análise documental e grupos focais com Adolescentes, Famílias, Trabalhadores Sociais e Gestores vinculados ao Serviço. O estudo se refere aos seus três primeiros anos (2007-2009), entre implantação e execução. Os resultados, com base na Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano, indicam que o Serviço se constituiu em microssistema direto, ampliou o número e a qualidade dos microssistemas do público atendido. A regularidade e a reciprocidade afetiva destacaram-se nos processos proximais estabelecidos, percebidos como apoio social formal e informal. A presença constante nos espaços de vida do público atendido cria estabilidade presencial que se contrapõe à imprevisibilidade da rua, e ultrapassa os limites tradicionalmente esperados para a abordagem social de rua. Destaca-se a importância da pessoa do trabalhador social para o desenvolvimento da intervenção. As lições aprendidas do Caso Ação Rua são relevantes para refletir sobre intervenções dirigidas à abordagem social de rua e programas de apoio sociofamiliar em diferentes contextos. Limitações e propostas de estudos futuros são apresentadas.


Intervention with children and adolescents in street situation are discussed through the Ação Rua Case evaluation study. A Single Case Study with Embedded Analysis Units was used by means of ecological insertion, documentary analysis and focus groups with Adolescents, Families, Social Workers and Managers connected to the Service. The present study considers the three first years (2007-2009) of the case study, considering implementation and execution. Results, based on Bioecological Theory of Human Development, indicate that the Service comprised a direct microsystem, and increased the number and quality of the microsystems of the public served. Regularity and affective reciprocity were highlighted as elements of the proximal processes established, also perceived as formal/informal social support. The Service constant presence in the living spaces of the attended public created a face-to-face stability that contrasted to the unpredictability of the street situation, and went beyond the traditional limits of the street outreach approach. The importance of the social worker for the development of the intervention is emphasized. The lessons learned from the Ação Rua Case are relevant to examine on interventions aimed at the street outreach approach and socio-family support programs in different contexts. Limitations and suggestions for future studies are presented.


Subject(s)
Homeless Youth , Organizations , Public Policy , Sociological Factors , Family Characteristics , Health Services , Ill-Housed Persons , Social Support , Social Theory
16.
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition ; : 127-133, 2018.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-714241

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: For 3 consecutive years from 2012–2014, we analyzed the causative factors for why the Jeju Island had the highest obesity prevalences of school children among the 15 provinces in Korea. METHODS: From our analysis of 28,026 elementary school children with obesity or normal weight in the 15 provinces, we analyzed 12 factors related to eating habits, exercise habits, lifestyle, and mental health. The differences between the obese and normal weight children were researched. Finally, Jeju was compared with Seoul, which has the lowest obesity prevalence in school age children. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi square test of PASW Statistics ver. 18.0. RESULTS: Compared to the normal weight group, the obese group had significantly higher rates of consuming soft drinks (p<0.001), fast food intake (p=0.019), skipping breakfast (p<0.001), insufficient sleep (p<0.001), bullying experiences (p=0.001) and runaway impulses (p=0.012). Compared to Seoul, Jeju Island had significantly higher rates of Ramen intake (3.4% vs. 5.4%, p=0.021) and meat intake (46.0% vs. 52.9%, p=0.003). On the other hand, Jeju Island was significantly lower than was Seoul in their fruit intake (83.4% vs. 67.1%, p<0.001), vegetable intake (71.4% vs. 64.2%, p=0.001), and intense physical activity (63.4% vs. 47.7%, p<0.001). Meanwhile, insufficient sleep (15.4% vs. 9.6%, p<0.001) and runaway impulses (5.6% vs. 3.3%, p=0.027) in children were significantly lower in Jeju Island than in Seoul. CONCLUSION: The results of the obesity factor analysis of elementary school students in Jeju Island can be used as useful educational material for lowering the obesity prevalence in Jeju community.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Breakfast , Bullying , Carbonated Beverages , Eating , Fast Foods , Fruit , Hand , Homeless Youth , Korea , Life Style , Meat , Mental Health , Motor Activity , Obesity , Pediatric Obesity , Prevalence , Seoul , Vegetables
17.
Rev. enferm. UERJ ; 25: [e29603], jan.-dez. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-916035

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analisar o perfil sócio-econômico-demográfico de mulheres adolescentes em situação de rua, na perspectiva das condições socioculturais. Metodologia: pesquisa quantitativa com 21 mulheres adolescentes com experiência de viver na rua, acolhidas em duas unidades da rede municipal de acolhimento do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram produzidos a partir de entrevistas contendo questões objetivas de caracterização do perfil sócio-econômico-demográfico, e submetidos à análise estatística com cálculos de frequência absoluta e percentual. Resultados: maioria das adolescentes é preta/parda; apresenta baixa escolaridade; proveniente de comunidades pobres; seus responsáveis têm baixa escolaridade, desemprego/subemprego ou envolvimento com ilegalidade/criminalidade; maioria afastada do convívio familiar há mais de 1 ano com sucessivas passagens pelo acolhimento institucional. Conclusão: dados refletem as raízes históricas do grupo, com reprodução do padrão parental, ressaltando a precariedade intergeracional. A longa história de afastamento do convívio familiar indica a dimensão do esgarçamento dos laços familiares, fornecendo indícios das precariedades econômicas e psicoafetivas e da necessidade de intervenções preventivas.


Objectives: to analyze the social, economic and demographic profile of female adolescents in a street situation, from the standpoint of socio-cultural conditions. Methodology: this quantitative study of 21 adolescent women with experience of living on the street, in care at two of Rio de Janeiro's municipal shelters. Data were produced from interviews with objective questions to characterize a social, economic and demographic profile, and were subjected to statistical analysis by calculating absolute and percentage frequencies. Results: most of the adolescents were black or brown, had little schooling, and were from poor communities; most had lived away from their families for more than one year and had been institutionalized several times; their guardians had little schooling, and were un- or under-employed or involved in illegal or criminal activities. Conclusion: the data reflect the group's historical roots and its reproduction of parental patterns, and highlight the intergenerational precarity. The long histories of removal from the family indicate the extent to which family ties are fragmentary, and evidence precarious economic and psycho-affective conditions and the need for preventive interventions.


Objetivos: analizar el perfil socioeconómico-demográfico de chicas adolescentes en situación de calle, en la perspectiva de las condiciones socioculturales. Metodología: investigación cuantitativa con 21 adolescentes del sexo femenino con experiencia de vivir en la calle, recibidas en dos unidades de acogida de la red municipal de Río de Janeiro. Los datos fueron producidos a partir de entrevistas con preguntas objetivas de caracterización del perfil socioeconómico-demográfico y sometidos al análisis estadístico con cálculos de frecuencia absoluta y porcentual. Resultados: la mayoría de las adolescentes son negras/pardas; tienen baja escolaridad; proceden de comunidades pobres; sus responsables tienen baja escolaridad, desempleo/subempleo o implicación con ilegalidad/ criminalidad; la mayoría está alejada de la convivencia familiar desde hace más de un año con sucesivos pasos por instituciones de acogida. Conclusión: los datos reflejan las raíces históricas del grupo, resaltando la precariedad intergeneracional. La larga historia de alejamiento de la convivencia familiar indica cómo se desgastan los lazos familiares, mostrando indicios de las precariedades económicas y psicoafectivas y de la necesidad de intervenciones preventivas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Public Health , Women's Health , Adolescent , Nursing , Homeless Youth
18.
Rev. latinoam. cienc. soc. niñez juv ; 15(1): 281-293, ene. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-836177

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del estudio fue considerar las claves del éxito del sistema educativo para niños, niñas y adolescentes del hogar La Huella en sus primeros 25 años. La experiencia es un referente, y el conocimiento de sus características puede aportar a la generación de nuevas prácticas con poblaciones juveniles. Se estudiaron materiales institucionales, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, y se analizaron los elementos centrales de la propuesta.El involucramiento personal de los educadores y el diseño de la experiencia resultaron claves en su éxito: la conjunción de ambiente de familia, vida comunitaria, referentes educativos estables, relación con la naturaleza, y educación en el trabajo doméstico y agrario.


Abstract (descriptive): The aim of the study was to consider the key elements of the success ofthe education system for children and adolescents in the La Huella home for street children in its first25 years. The experience is an important reference point, and awareness of its characteristics cancontribute to the generation of new practices with youth populations. Information materials producedby public institutions were collected and studied, a series semi-structured interviews were conductedand the central elements of the La Huella proposal were analyzed. The personal commitment of theeducators and the way in which the experience was designed were key to its success. The projectinvolved the combination of a family environment, community life, stable educational staff, arelationship with nature and education in domestic and agricultural work.


O objetivo do estudo foi considerar as chaves do sucesso do sistema de educação para crianças e adolescentes do lar “La Huella” nos seus primeiros 25 anos. A experiência é uma referência, e o conhecimento de suas características pode contribuir para a geração de novas práticas com populações jovens. Materiais institucionais foram estudados, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, e os elementos centrais da proposta foram analisados. O envolvimento pessoal dos educadores e o desenho da experiência foram fundamentais para o seu sucesso: a combinação de ambiente familiar, vida comunitária, referentes educacionais estáveis,relacionamento com a natureza, e educação no trabalho doméstico e agrícola.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Homeless Youth
19.
Psicol. soc. (Online) ; 29: e171957, 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-955868

ABSTRACT

Resumo O propósito deste trabalho foi refletir como os educadores de rua articulam o pensamento utópico com o pensamento histórico, a partir dos relatos de suas experiências ao longo de quinze anos. O sintagma identidade-metamorfose-emancipação (Ciampa, 2003) e os conceitos de pensamento utópico e pensamento histórico (Habermas, 1987) formam o arcabouço teórico que embasa a presente pesquisa. Utilizamos na coleta de dados a entrevista "não diretiva centrada" (Minayo, 1999). Observou-se que é possível articular história e utopia. O estudo indica que, para que essa articulação seja possível, é necessário que o sujeito tenha a flexibilidade de reinventar seus projetos utópicos, mudando assim de projeto emancipatório, mas não perdendo de vista a energia utópica que o move. Concluímos, também, que os profissionais que articularam os dois movimentos tendem a apresentar uma postura pós-convencional diante da vida.


Resumen El propósito del presente estudio ha sido reflejar cómo los educadores de la calle articulan el pensamiento utópico con el pensamiento histórico, a partir de los relatos de sus experiencias a lo largo de quince años. El marco teórico del trabajo es el sintagma "Identidad-metamorfosis-emancipación" de Ciampa (2003) y los conceptos del pensamiento utópico y pensamiento histórico de Habermas (1987). En la colección de datos se utilizó la técnica "no directiva centrada" (Minayo, 1999). Se observó que es posible articular la historia y la utopía. El estudio indica que para que sea posible, es necesario que el sujeto tenga flexibilidad para reinventar sus proyectos utópicos. Por lo tanto, se hace necesario el cambio de proyecto de emancipación, pero sin perder de vista la energía utópica que se le mueve. También se puede concluir que los profesionales que articulan esos dos movimientos tienden a tener una actitud post-convencional en sus vidas.


Abstract The purpose of this work was to reflect how street educators articulate utopian thinking with historical thinking, based on the reports of their experiences over fifteen years of practice. The theoretical framework used is based in the identity-metamorphosis-emancipation sintagma developed by Ciampa (2003) and in the notions of utopic thinking and historical thinking.(Habermas, 1987). The empirical research is based on interview classified by Minayo (1999) as "non directive centered". The observation revealed that it is possible to articulate history and utopia. The study indicates that whoever embraces the utopia thinking, and wants it to become reality, has to develop the flexibility to reinvent his own utopic projects, therefore changing his emancipatory project without losing the utopic perspective. We conclude also that those professionals who are able to articulate both movements tend to have a post-conventional stance in life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Utopias , Homeless Youth/education , Educational Personnel/history , Social Identification , History , Life Change Events
20.
Rev. SPAGESP ; 18(2): 27-42, 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-896954

ABSTRACT

Esse artigo descreve dilemas éticos vivenciados em um estudo longitudinal sobre o impacto da rua na vida de crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua, dando especial relevo às contribuições trazidas pela Resolução n. 510/2016 na forma de lidar com cada uma dessas situações. Verificou-se que os desafios éticos na pesquisa com crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua são amplos e implicam a vinculação entre pesquisadores e participantes; a ênfase no bem-estar dos participantes; o papel protetivo da equipe de pesquisa; a necessidade de adequação metodológica dos estudos; a relativização do que é considerado típico a cada etapa desenvolvimental; e a segurança da equipe de pesquisa. Além disso, têm por base a crença na dignidade da criança/adolescente, a compreensão destes enquanto sujeitos de direitos e como atores sociais, protagonistas do processo de pesquisa.


This article describes ethical dilemmas experienced in a longitudinal study on the impact of street life on children and adolescents in street situation, with special emphasis on the contributions carried out by Resolution n. 510/2016 in how to deal with each of these situations. It was verified that the ethical challenges in the research with children and adolescents in street situation are broad and imply the connection between researchers and participants; emphasis on the well-being of participants; the protective role of the research group; the need for methodological adequacy of the study; the relativization of what is considered typical of each development stage; and the safety of the research group. Furthermore, they are based on the belief on dignity of the child/adolescent, the understanding of these as subjects of rights and as social actors, protagonists of the research process.


Este artículo describe los dilemas éticos experimentados en um estudio longitudinal sobre el impacto de la vida en la calle en niños y adolescentes en situación de calle, con especial énfasis en lãs contribuciones realizadas por la Resolución n. 510/2016 sobre cómo lidiar con cada una de estas situaciones. Se verificó que los desafíos éticos en la investigación com niños y adolescentes en situación de calle son amplios e implican la vinculación entre investigadores y participantes; el énfasis en el bienestar de los participantes; el papel protector del equipo de investigación; la necesidad de adecuación metodológica de los estudios; la relativización de lo que se considera típico a cada etapa desarrollista; y lãs eguridad del equipo de investigación. Además, se basan en la creencia en la dignidad del niño / adolescente, la comprensión de éstos como sujetos de derechos y como actores sociales, protagonistas del proceso de investigación.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Child Advocacy , Child, Abandoned , Ethics , Homeless Youth , Research
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