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1.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-879599

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis for two Chinese pedigrees affected with Huntington disease and provide prenatal diagnosis for them.@*METHODS@#Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the probands. PCR and capillary gel electrophoresis were used to determine the number of CAG repeats in their IT15 gene. Pre-symptomatic testing was offered to their children and relatives, and prenatal diagnosis was provided to three pregnant women from the two pedigrees.@*RESULTS@#The two probands, in addition with three asymptomatic members, were found to have a (CAG)n repeat number greater than 40. Upon prenatal diagnosis, the numbers of CAG repeats in two fetuses from pedigree 1 were determined as (16, 19) and (18, 19), both were within the normal range. A fetus from pedigree 2 was found to have a CAG repeat number of (15, 41), which exceeded the normal range.@*CONCLUSION@#Genetic testing can facilitate the diagnosis of Huntington disease and avoid further birth of affected children.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Genetic Testing , Huntington Disease/genetics , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Pedigree , Prenatal Diagnosis
2.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 54(3): 5-8, jul.-ago. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-948055

ABSTRACT

A doença de Huntington (DH) é uma desordem neurodegenerativa, que cursa com distúrbios motores, cognitivos e comportamentais que contribuem para o comprometimento da funcionalidade. Este estudo investigou o grau de funcionalidade e acometimento de indivíduos portadores da DH, com o Índice de Barthel Modificado (IBM) e por meio do Disease Burden Score (DBS). As variáveis analisadas de cada indivíduo foram: a idade atual, o gênero, a idade de início da doença e o número das repetições CAG (gene HTT). Seis indivíduos foram avaliados, três do sexo masculino 63,6 anos (±10,9) e três do sexo feminino 58,3 anos (±14,2) com o diagnóstico genético positivo para DH provenientes do município de Ervália/MG. O sexo feminino apresentou a idade de início menor comparado ao sexo masculino, com média de 38,3 anos (±8,9) e 46,6 anos (±7,6), respectivamente. O valor médio do número de repetições CAG no sexo feminino foi de 46,3 (±4,1) e no sexo masculino, 42,33 (±1,5). O grau de desempenho funcional determinado pelo IBM foi de 9,3 (±1,1) para o sexo feminino, com dependência total, e para o sexo masculino, 36 (±4,3), com dependência severa. O valor médio obtido pelo DBS no sexo feminino foi de 596,8 (±101,9), com maior grau de acometimento da doença comparado ao sexo masculino com 425,1 (±39,2). O grupo de mulheres com DH apresentou início dos sintomas mais cedo com maior número de expansões CAG quando comparado ao grupo masculino. Todos os pacientes apresentaram dependência total em relação à execução das atividades de vida diária. Sugere-se que pesquisas futuras sejam realizadas com maior número de indivíduos afetados pela DH para que os resultados observados sejam confirmados.


Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, presenting with motor, cognitive and behavioral impairments that contribute to the decrease of the functional performance. This study investigated the degree of functionality and impairment of individuals with HD using the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and the Disease Burden Score (DBS). The following variables were investigated : the age of onset, the gender, the current age and the number of CAG (HTT gene) repeats. Six HD patients from the municipality of Ervália-MG, three males 63.6 years old (±10.9) and three females 58.3 years old (±14.2), who had a positive genetic diagnosis for HD, were investigated. The female group had the lowest age of onset with an average of 38.3 years (±8.9), compared to the male group, with 46.6 years (±7.6). The mean of the number of CAG repeats in the female gender was 46.3 (±4.1) and in the male, 42.33 (±1.5). The degree of functional performance assessed by IBM was 9.3 (±1.1) for the female group, with total dependence, and for the male group, 36 (±4.3), with severe dependence. The mean of DBS value in the female group was 596.8 (±101.9) with a higher degree of disease involvement compared to the male group 425.1 (±39.2). The group of women with HD showed earlier onset of symptoms with a greater number of CAG repeats when compared to the male group. All patients presented total dependence on daily living activities. We strongly suggest further research involving a larger group of individuals affected by HD for statistical validation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Huntington Disease/complications , Huntington Disease/diagnosis , Huntington Disease/genetics , Severity of Illness Index , Activities of Daily Living , Cross-Sectional Studies , Age of Onset , Disease Progression
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 51(3): e6299, 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889050

ABSTRACT

Huntington disease (HD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder caused by a dominant mutation on the 4th chromosome. We aim to present a scientometric analysis of the extant scientific undertakings devoted to better understanding HD. Therefore, a quantitative study was performed to examine the current state-of-the-art approaches that foster researchers' understandings of the current knowledge, research trends, and research gaps regarding this disorder. We performed literature searches of articles that were published up to September 2016 in the "ISI Web of Science™" (http://apps.webofknowledge.com/). The keyword used was "Huntington disease". Of the initial 14,036 articles that were obtained, 7732 were eligible for inclusion in the study according to their relevance. Data were classified according to language, country of publication, year, and area of concentration. The country leader regarding the number of studies published on HD is the United States, accounting for nearly 30% of all publications, followed by England and Germany, who have published 10 and 7% of all publications, respectively. Regarding the language in which the articles were written, 98% of publications were in English. The first publication to be found on HD was published in 1974. A surge of publications on HD can be seen from 1996 onward. In relation to the various knowledge areas that emerged, most publications were in the fields of neuroscience and neurology, likely because HD is a neurodegenerative disorder. Publications written in areas such as psychiatry, genetics, and molecular biology also predominated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data , Huntington Disease/genetics , Brazil , Chorea/genetics , Huntington Disease/diagnosis , Huntington Disease/therapy , Internationality , Language , Mediator Complex/genetics
4.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 75(8): 503-508, Aug. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888310

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the role of the involvement of white matter tracts in huntingtin gene mutation patients as a potential biomarker of the progression of the disease. Methods We evaluated 34 participants (11 symptomatic huntingtin gene mutation, 12 presymptomatic huntingtin gene mutation, and 11 controls). We performed brain magnetic resonance imaging to assess white matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging, with measurement of fractional anisotropy. Results We observed a significant decrease of fractional anisotropy in the cortical spinal tracts, corona radiate, corpus callosum, external capsule, thalamic radiations, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and inferior frontal-occipital fasciculus in the Huntington disease group compared to the control and presymptomatic groups. Reduction of fractional anisotropy is indicative of a degenerative process and axonal loss. There was no statistically significant difference between the presymptomatic and control groups. Conclusion White matter integrity is affected in huntingtin gene mutation symptomatic individuals, but other studies with larger samples are required to assess its usefulness in the progression of the neurodegenerative process.


RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o envolvimento da substância branca (SB) cerebral em indivíduos com mutação do gene da huntingtina. Métodos Foram avaliados 34 indivíduos: 11 com mutação do gene da huntingtina sintomática, 12 assintomáticos com mutação do gene da huntingtina e 11 indivíduos controles. Realizamos ressonância magnética cerebral para avaliar a integridade da SB usando o tensor de difusão (DTI), com medição da anisotrofia fracionada (FA). Resultados Observamos uma diminuição da FA no trato corticoespinhal, coroa radiada, corpo caloso (joelho, corpo e esplênio), cápsula externa, radiações talâmicas, fascículo longitudinal superior e inferior, e fascículo frontal-occipital inferior no grupo dos indivíduos com mutação sintomática. A redução da FA é indicativa de processo degenerativo e perda axonal. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos controle e pré-sintomático. Conclusão Houve comprometimento da integridade da SB em indivíduos com mutação no gene da Huntingtina sintomática, mas outros estudos são necessários para avaliar a sua utilidade na progressão do processo neurodegenerativo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Huntington Disease/genetics , Huntington Disease/diagnostic imaging , Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods , White Matter/diagnostic imaging , Mutation , Anisotropy , Corpus Callosum/pathology , Mental Status Schedule
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 74(1): 50-54, Jan. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-772603

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT We analyzed demographic, clinical and genetic characteristics of juvenile Huntington disease (JHD) and it frequency in an Argentinean cohort. Age at onset was defined as the age at which behavioral, cognitive, psychiatric or motor abnormalities suggestive of JHD were first reported. Clinical and genetic data were similar to other international series, however, in this context we identified the highest JHD frequency reported so far (19.72%; 14/71). Age at onset of JHD is challenging and still under discussion. Our findings reinforce the hypothesis that clinical manifestations, other than the typical movement disorder, may anticipate age at onset of even many years. Analyses of JHD cohorts are required to explore it frequency in populations with different backgrounds to avoid an underestimation of this rare phenotype. Moreover, data from selected populations may open new pathways in therapeutic approaches and may explain new potential correlations between HD presentations and environmental or biological factors.


RESUMO Foram analisadas as características demográficas, clínicas e genéticas de doença de Huntington juvenil (JHD) e na freqüência em uma coorte argentino. A idade de início foi definida como a idade em que distúrbios comportamentais, cognitivos, psiquiátricos ou anormalidades motoras sugestivas de JHD foram relatada pela primeira vez. Os dados clínicos e genéticos foram semelhantes aos de outras séries internacionais, no entanto, neste contexto identificamos a maior freqüência de JHD relatados até agora (19,72%; 14/71). A idade de início de JHD é um desafio ainda em discussão. Nossos resultados reforçam a hipótese de que as manifestações clínicas, além do transtorno de movimento típico, pode antecipar a idade de início em muitos anos. As análises de coortes de JHD são obrigados a explorar frequências em populações com diferentes formações, para evitar uma subestimação deste fenótipo raro. Além disso, os dados de populações selecionadas podem abrir novos caminhos em abordagens terapêuticas e pode explicar novas correlações potenciais entre apresentações de HD e fatores ambientais ou biológicas.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology , Cognition Disorders/epidemiology , Huntington Disease/epidemiology , Movement Disorders/epidemiology , Age of Onset , Argentina/epidemiology , Huntington Disease/genetics , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Retrospective Studies
7.
Cad. saúde pública ; 31(3): 477-486, 03/2015.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-744826

ABSTRACT

This paper offers a critical overview of social science research presented at the 2014 International AIDS Conference in Melbourne, Australia. In an era of major biomedical advance, the political nature of HIV remains of fundamental importance. No new development can be rolled out successfully without taking into account its social and political context, and consequences. Four main themes ran throughout the conference track on social and political research, law, policy and human rights: first, the importance of work with socially vulnerable groups, now increasingly referred to as "key populations"; second, continued recognition that actions and programs need to be tailored locally and contextually; third, the need for an urgent response to a rapidly growing epidemic of HIV among young people; and fourth, the negative effects of the growing criminalization of minority sexualities and people living with HIV. Lack of stress on human rights and community participation is resulting in poorer policy globally. A new research agenda is needed to respond to these challenges.


Este artigo oferece uma perspectiva crítica da pesquisa em ciências sociais apresentada na Confe-rência Internacional de AIDS de Melbourne, Aus-trália, em 2014. Em tempos de grandes avanços no campo biomédico, a natureza política do HIV permanece de importância fundamental. Nenhuma inovação será bem-sucedida na prática se desconsiderar o contexto sociopolítico e suas consequências. Quatro temas emergiram da Conferência nos campos do direito, dos direitos humanos e da pesquisa social e política: (1) a importância do trabalho com grupos socialmente vulneráveis, crescentemente chamado de "populações chaves"; (2) o reconhecimento de que ações e programas devem ser sob medida para cada local e contexto; (3) a urgência da resposta a uma epidemia crescendo muito rapidamente entre adolescentes; (4) o efeito negativo da crescente criminalização de minorias sexuais e pessoas vivendo com HIV. Globalmente, a falta de ênfase nos direitos humanos e da participação comunitária tem como resultado políticas públicas de pior qualidade. Precisamos de uma nova agenda de pesquisa para responder a esses desafios.


El artículo ofrece una perspectiva crítica de la investigación en ciencias sociales, presentada en la Conferencia Internacional de SIDA en Melbourne (Australia), 2014. En tiempos de enormes avances biomédicos, la naturaleza política del VIH sigue siendo muy importante. Ninguna innovación será exitosa sin considerar el contexto sociopolítico y sus consecuencias. Cuatro temas surgieron de la conferencia en el campo legal y derechos humanos, además de investigación social y política: (1) la importancia del trabajo con grupos socialmente vulnerables, crecientemente denominados "poblaciones claves"; (2) el reconocimiento de que las acciones y programas deben ser adaptados a un contexto local; (3) la urgencia de una respuesta a una epidemia con crecimiento rápido entre adolescentes; (4) el efecto negativo de la creciente criminalización de las minorías sexuales y personas viviendo con VIH. Globalmente, un limitado énfasis en los derechos humanos y la participación comunitaria tiene como consecuencia peores políticas públicas. Necesitamos una nueva agenda de investigación para responder a estos desafíos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Gene Silencing/physiology , Huntington Disease/therapy , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Blotting, Northern , Blotting, Western , Cell Line , Gene Expression Regulation/genetics , Huntington Disease/genetics , Huntington Disease/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , MicroRNAs/genetics , MicroRNAs/physiology , Nuclear Proteins/genetics , Nuclear Proteins/metabolism , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Plasmids , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Small Interfering/genetics , RNA, Small Interfering/physiology
8.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 112(1): e23-e26, feb. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-708471

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de Huntington es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa que se manifiesta con alteraciones motoras descritas típicamente como movimientos coreiformes, cambios en el estado de ánimo y pérdida de funciones cognitivas. El patrón de herencia de esta enfermedad es autosómico dominante. La alteración genética comprende una expansión inestable del triplete citosina, adenina, guanina en el gen que codifica la proteína huntingtina. La prueba molecular confirma el diagnóstico. El consejo genético debe ser prudente debido al alto riesgo de suicidio. Se presenta el caso de un joven de 14 años con una pobre red de apoyo y un cuadro clínico grave de esta enfermedad en el contexto de un patrón de herencia poco claro.


Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that is clinically manifested as mood and personality changes, loss of cognitive functions and choreiform movements. The pattern of inheritance is autosomic dominant. It is due to the gradual expansion of a cytosine, adenine, guanine trinucleotide in a gene that codifies the protein Huntington. The molecular diagnosis must be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Genetic counseling must be carefully done due to the high suicide risk among these patients. We present the case of a fourteen-year-old male with a severe disease, poor social support and an unclear pattern of inheritance.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Huntington Disease/diagnosis , Delayed Diagnosis , Huntington Disease/genetics , Pedigree
9.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 69(3): 419-423, June 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-592495

ABSTRACT

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by chorea, behavioral disturbances and dementia, caused by a pathological expansion of the CAG trinucleotide in the HTT gene. Several patients have been recognized with the typical HD phenotype without the expected mutation. The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of diseases such as Huntington's disease-like 2 (HDL2), spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA7, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) and chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) among 29 Brazilian patients with a HD-like phenotype. In the group analyzed, we found 3 patients with HDL2 and 2 patients with ChAc. The diagnosis was not reached in 79.3 percent of the patients. HDL2 was the main cause of the HD-like phenotype in the group analyzed, and is attributable to the African ancestry of this population. However, the etiology of the disease remains undetermined in the majority of the HD negative patients with HD-like phenotype.


A doença de Huntington (DH) é uma doença neurodegenerativa caracterizada por coréia, alterações comportamentais e demência, causada por uma expansão patológica do trinucleotídeo CAG no gene HTT. Vários pacientes têm sido descritos com o fenótipo típico para a DH porém sem a mutação esperada. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de doenças como doença de Huntington-símile 2 (DHS-2), ataxias espinocerebelares tipo 1, 2, 3 e 17, atrofia dentatorubral-palidoluisiana e coreo-acantocitose (CAc) entre 29 pacientes brasileiros com fenótipo doença de Huntington-símile. No grupo analisado, encontramos 3 pacientes com DHS-2 e 2 pacientes com CAc. O diagnóstico permaneceu obscuro em 79,3 por cento dos pacientes. DHS-2 foi a principal causa do fenótipo DH-símile no grupo analisado, provavelmente devido a ancestralidade africana na população brasileira. Entretanto, a etiologia permaneceu indeterminada na maioria dos pacientes avaliados.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Huntington Disease/diagnosis , Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive/diagnosis , Neuroacanthocytosis/diagnosis , Spinocerebellar Ataxias/diagnosis , Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion/genetics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Huntington Disease/genetics , Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive/genetics , Neuroacanthocytosis/genetics , Phenotype , Spinocerebellar Ataxias/genetics
11.
Rev. ciênc. méd., (Campinas) ; 18(5/6): 287-291, set.-dez. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-585464

ABSTRACT

Doença de Huntington é uma afecção neurodegenerativa de herança autosssômica dominante, caracterizada por manifestações neurológicas, neuropsiquiátricas e disfunções autonômicas. Não há tratamento para a doença, fato que levanta questões éticas importantes diante do impacto da confirmação diagnóstica e da possibilidade de um planejamento familiar. Paciente feminina, 68 anos, há três anos com movimentos coreicos de lábios, língua, mãos e pé esquerdo, disfagia, sintomas depressivos e comprometimento de funções cognitivas de média gravidade. A ressonância magnética de crânio apresentou alterações compatíveis com doença de Huntington. Foi realizada avaliação genética, após aconselhamento da pacientes e do familiar responsável, e confirmou-se a hipóstese aventada. O diagnóstico deve ser feito o mais breve possível a fim de diminuir o impacto na vida do portador e de sua família e permitir um planejamento familiar. São muitas dificuldades em lidar com a confirmação do diagnóstico, principalmente quando a autonomia do paciente está comprometida, portanto é fundamental esclarecimento e aconselhamento antes e após o teste.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Huntington Disease/diagnosis , Huntington Disease/genetics , Genetics, Medical/ethics
12.
SQUMJ-Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal. 2009; 9 (1): 16-23
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-92851

ABSTRACT

Huntington disease [HD] has been reported in Arab families in several Middle East countries including Saudi Arabia, Oman, Syria, Lebanon, and Egypt and in non-Arab populations in other countries in the region. It is probably under-reported, and until now, has not been recorded in Yemen, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan or in Iraq. The Middle East has always been on the crossroads of trade and travel, and HD was probably introduced to some of these countries in previous times. The prevalence rate in Middle Eastern Arabs is estimated to vary from 3 to 4 per 100,000. Although the HD gene which codes for the protein huntingtin has been identified, the function of this protein is not known. At present, no treatment has been found to delay the onset of HD or to treat it effectively. Although relatively rare, HD has increasingly become a focus of international gene research, with the support and collaboration of the International Huntington Association [IHA]. The IHA has been represented in Saudi Arabia and Oman


Subject(s)
Humans , Huntington Disease/genetics , Chorea/epidemiology , Middle East , Huntington Disease/etiology , Prevalence
13.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 144(3): 271-273, mayo-jun. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-568060

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de Huntington es un padecimiento neurológico degenerativo, de herencia autosómica dominante, causado por una expansión CAG que codifica una secuencia de poliglutamina en la proteína huntingtina. Su frecuencia varía de cinco a 10 afectados por 100 mil individuos en población caucásica. Clínicamente muestra manifestaciones motoras, cognoscitivas, psicológicas y muerte en 10 a 15 años. Avances concretos se han logrado en el conocimiento del mecanismo mutacional, alteraciones del producto proteico y su efecto neuropatológico. Un conjunto de procedimientos como PCR con o sin modificación del ADN, Southern blot y métodos mixtos son analizados en sus características y eficiencia para el diagnóstico molecular de esta enfermedad.


Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurological degenerative disorder, inherited by an autosomal dominant mode, and caused by a CAG triplet expansion coding for a poly-glutamine sequence in the huntingtin protein. HD affects 5-10 in 100,000 individuals from Caucasian population. Clinically patients display motor, cognitive and psychological impairment, and death within 10-15 years. Concrete advances have been achieved in the knowledge of the mutational mechanism, alteration of the protein product and their neuropathological effects. A number of tests such as PCR with or without DNA modification, Southern blot and mixed methods are analyzed. We describe their characteristics and effectiveness for the molecular diagnosis of HD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Huntington Disease/diagnosis , Huntington Disease/genetics , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
14.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(2b): 402-405, jun. 2007. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-456841

ABSTRACT

We describe seven patients with genetically confirmed Huntington's disease (HD) who had non-choreic movement disorders as presenting symptoms or signs. Patients with movement disorders other than chorea in the early stages tended to have larger CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in comparison with more "typical" HD patients.


Nós descrevemos sete pacientes com doença de Huntington, geneticamente confirmada, cuja apresentação motora inicial foi diferente de coréia. Pacientes com manifestação motora inicial diferente de coréia apresentaram maior número de expansões repetidas de CAG trinucleotídeo quando comparados com aqueles com sintomatologia motora "típica".


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Huntington Disease/genetics , Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion/genetics , Dystonia/diagnosis , Dystonia/genetics , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Huntington Disease/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Parkinsonian Disorders/diagnosis , Parkinsonian Disorders/genetics , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Tics/diagnosis , Tics/genetics
15.
Neurol India ; 2007 Jan-Mar; 55(1): 78-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-121196

ABSTRACT

Three siblings (two girls and one boy) and their father are reported who developed Huntington's disease (HD). The two girls had onset at less than six years of age, while the boy started with symptoms at 12 years of age. The girl, the child number two, has expired and the youngest one is in a vegetative state. The elder brother is still mildly affected. The disease presented in a severe form and early in the females while it remained mild and presented late in the males. This is a rare disease involving all the three surviving siblings and their father. The diagnosis was confirmed after genetic testing.


Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Family Health , Female , Humans , Huntington Disease/genetics , Male , Pedigree
16.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 39(8): 1129-1136, Aug. 2006. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-433172

ABSTRACT

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder that affects the striatum most severely. However, except for juvenile forms, relative preservation of the cerebellum has been reported. The objective of the present study was to perform MRI measurements of caudate, putamen, cerebral, and cerebellar volumes and correlate these findings with the length of the CAG repeat and clinical parameters. We evaluated 50 consecutive patients with HD using MRI volumetric measurements and compared them to normal controls. Age at onset of the disease ranged from 4 to 73 years (mean: 43.1 years). The length of the CAG repeat ranged from 40 to 69 (mean: 47.2 CAG). HD patients presented marked atrophy of the caudate and putamen, as well as reduced cerebellar and cerebral volumes. There was a significant correlation between age at onset of HD and length of the CAG repeat, as well as clinical disability and age at onset. The degree of basal ganglia atrophy correlated with the length of the CAG repeat. There was no correlation between cerebellar or cerebral volume and length of the CAG repeat. However, there was a tendency to a positive correlation between duration of disease and cerebellar atrophy. While there was a negative correlation of length of the CAG repeat with age at disease onset and with striatal degeneration, its influence on extrastriatal atrophy, including the cerebellum, was not clear. Extrastriatal atrophy occurs later in HD and may be related to disease duration.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brain/pathology , Huntington Disease/genetics , Huntington Disease/pathology , Trinucleotide Repeats/genetics , Atrophy , Case-Control Studies , Genotype , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
17.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 64(1): 5-9, mar. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-425262

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever o quadro clínico de um grupo de pacientes com forma juvenil da doença de Huntington.MÉTODO: Os pacientes foram entrevistados seguindo um questionário clínico estruturado; genotipados para a repetição do trinucleotídeo citosina-adenina-guanina (CAG) no gene da doença de Huntington; e realizaram exame de RM de alta resolução. RESULTADOS: Identificamos 4 pacientes com doença de Huntington de início juvenil dentre 50 pacientes com doença de Huntington seguidos prospectivamente em nosso ambulatório de neurogenética. A idade de início variou entre 3 e 13 anos (2 meninos e 2 meninas). Três pacientes tiveram herança paterna da doença. O tamanho do alelo expandido da doença de Huntington variou entre 41 a 69 repetições de trinucleotídeos. As principais manifestações clínicas no início da doença foram rigidez, bradicinesia, distonia, disartria, crises epilépticas e ataxia. A RM mostrou acentuada atrofia dos núcleos caudado e putamem (p=0.001) e redução do volume cerebral e cerebelar (p=0.01). CONCLUSÃO: 8% dos pacientes com doença de Huntington acompanhados em nosso ambulatório apresentaram início juvenil da doença. Estes pacientes não apresentaram a manifestação típica de coréia observada em adultos. Houve predomínio de rigidez, bradicinesia, crises epilépticas e ataxia, o que tem relação com a atrofia cortical e cerebelar precoce na RM.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Brain/pathology , Huntington Disease/diagnosis , Trinucleotide Repeats/genetics , Age of Onset , Analysis of Variance , Atrophy , Case-Control Studies , Genotype , Huntington Disease/genetics , Huntington Disease/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Phenotype , Statistics, Nonparametric , Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion/genetics
18.
J Genet ; 2005 Apr; 84(1): 69-71
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-114207

ABSTRACT

Expansions of CTG repeats in JP-3 gene are associated with a phenotype similar to Huntington disease. These expansions are the cause of Huntington disease like-2 (HDL-2) phenotype. CTG repeats in JP-3 gene are polymorphic in healthy population. Analyses of CTG repeat polymorphism of JP-3 gene in various healthy populations could help in estimating the population at risk for developing HDL-2. CTG repeat polymorphism of JP-3 gene was analysed in healthy population of Serbia and Montenegro. Study included 198 unrelated subjects. Analyses of JP-3 locus were performed using PCR and sequencing. Six different JP-3 alleles were obtained and they were in the range of 11 to 18 CTG repeats showing a bimodal distribution, with peaks at 14 and 16. Results show that the distribution of JP-3 alleles in population of Serbia and Montenegro is consistent with distributions in other analysed populations. The absence of alleles with more then 18 CTG repeats suggests that HDL-2 is very rare in the populations of Serbia and Montenegro.


Subject(s)
Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Humans , Huntington Disease/genetics , Male , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion , Yugoslavia
19.
J. bras. med ; 88(3): 47-51, mar. 2005.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-661645

ABSTRACT

A doença de Huntington (DH) é um distúrbio hereditário autossômico dominante, que está relacionado à expansão das repetições de CAG (citosina-adenina-guanina) no braço curto do cromossomo 4, o que leva à formação de uma proteína mutante associada, principalmente, à destruição neuronal do estriado. Manifesta-se por transtornos motores, cognitivos e neuropsicológicos, evoluindo progressivamente para estado demencial grave. A patogênese da doença ainda apresenta pontos obscuros. No entanto, recentes investigações têm possibilitado maior entendimento de sua origem e evolução, assim como de outras doenças neurodegenerativas


Huntington's disease is a hereditary autosomal dominant disorder which occurs due to the expansion of the repetitions CAG on the short arm of chromosome 4, which leads to the formation of a mutant protein itself associated principally to the destruction of neuronal of the striated tissue. It manifests through motor, cognitive and neuropsychological disorders where it evolves progressively to a serious demential state. The pathogenesis of this disease still presents obscure points although recent investigations made it possible to understand it better in its origin and evolution, the same as with other neurodegenerative diseases


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , /genetics , Huntington Disease/etiology , Huntington Disease/genetics , Huntington Disease/pathology , Mutant Proteins/genetics , Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid , Neurodegenerative Diseases/etiology , Nerve Degeneration , Nerve Tissue Proteins , Neurons/pathology , Trinucleotide Repeats/genetics
20.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 62(4): 977-982, dez. 2004. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-390669

ABSTRACT

Nosso estudo avaliou a confiabilidade da versão brasileira da escala unificada para avaliação da doença de Huntington (UHDRS) com o objetivo de estabelecer a reprodutibilidade dessa escala em uma população que difere significativamente daquela em que foi originalmente validada. Após um período de treinamento com um vídeo divulgado para esse objetivo e um manual solicitado aos idealizadores da escala, nós aplicamos a UHDRS, com exceção dos testes cognitivos, em um grupo de 21 pacientes brasileiros com diagnóstico molecular de doença de Huntington (DH). Nessa amostra nós encontramos uma elevada consistência interna na seção que avalia os sintomas motores (alfa de Cronbach= 0,841). Observamos uma correlação negativa entre o escore total da escala motora e as escalas de avaliação funcional, de independência e de capacidade funcional total; uma correlação positiva entre essas 3 últimas escalas; e uma correlação negativa entre a idade de início dos sintomas e o número de repetições CAG. As características clínicas dessa amostra de pacientes descritas segundo a UHDRS é de maneira comparativa similar às descritas nos estudos originais de validação da escala, assim como as correlações descritas são semelhantes às descritas previamente. Concluimos que a versão brasileira da UHDRS é confiável e válida para estudar pacientes com DH aqui no Brasil, que essa amostra, como era esperado, tem características semelhantes às descritas em outras regiões do mundo, e que o método utilizado para treinamento da aplicação da escala é válido.


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Huntington Disease/diagnosis , Motor Skills/physiology , Neurologic Examination/statistics & numerical data , Psychomotor Disorders/diagnosis , Brazil , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Huntington Disease/classification , Huntington Disease/genetics , Mental Status Schedule/statistics & numerical data , Motor Skills/classification , Phenotype , Psychomotor Disorders/classification , Psychomotor Disorders/genetics , Reproducibility of Results
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