Estudio Descriptivo Macro y Mesoscópico de la Irrigación de Piezas Dentarias Superiores en Perro (Canis familiaris) Mediante Repleción con Tinta China / Macro and Mesoscopical Study About the Irrigation of the Upper Teeth in Dogs (Canis familiaris) through Repletion With Chinese Ink

Se describe macro y mesoscópicamente la irrigación de piezas dentarias superiores en su tercio rostral (incisivos y canino) en perro, mediante repleción con tinta china. Se utilizaron 30 cabezas de cadáveres de perro, divididas en tres grupos de igual número. El grupo I fue inyectado con tinta china azul vía arteria facial, el grupo II con tinta amarilla vía arteria maxilar y el grupo III con tinta azul y amarilla vía arteria facial y arteria maxilar respectivamente y en forma simultánea. En las cabezas, ya fijadas y conservadas, se analizó macroscópicamente la llegada del color de la tinta china inyectada a nivel de la gíngiva asociada a dientes incisivos y canino superior derecho. Posteriormente, las cabezas se congelaron para realizarles cortes transversales, los que fueron analizados mesoscópicamente, donde se observó la llegada de la tinta china, a nivel de los alvéolos y cavidad pulpar de las piezas dentarias en estudio. La presente investigación demostró que la arteria facial se distribuye hacia tejidos profundos como gíngiva, alvéolos y pulpa de los dientes incisivos y canino superior derecho en perro, por lo tanto, estaría aportando a su irrigación complementaria; se reafirmó la participación de ramas de la arteria maxilar en la irrigación de estos mismos tejidos y finalmente se demostró que ramas de las arterias facial y maxilar se anastomosan para irrigar tejidos en común, como los ya mencionados. Estos resultados permiten conocer el origen de la revascularización de piezas dentarias superiores y periodonto en perro, luego de procedimientos quirúrgicos que pudiesen dañar ramas de la arteria maxilar. Debido a la similitud anatómica de la cavidad oral entre el perro y el humano, los resultados descritos se podrían utilizar como referencia para explicar el origen de la revascularización de piezas dentarias superiores y periodonto, luego de la cirugía ortognática.

The irrigation of upper teeth is described macro and mesoscopically in their facial third (incisive and canine teeth) through repletion with Chinese tint. Thirty heads of corpses of dogs were used, which were divided in three equal groups. Group I was injected with blue Chinese ink via facial artery, group II with yellow Chinese ink via maxillary artery, and the group III with blue and yellow Chinese ink via facial and maxillary artery respectively and simultaneously. In the heads, already fixed and conserved, the arrival of the colour of the injected ink was macroscopically analyzed up to the level of the gingiva associated to the upper right incisive and canine teeth; subsequently, the heads were frozen to make them cross sections, which were analyzed mesoscopically, where the arrival of the injected ink was observed up to the level of the alveolus and pulpar cavity of the teeth under study. The present research demonstrated that the facial artery is distributed to deep-lying tissues such as gingiva, alveolus, and pulpar cavity of the upper right incisive and canine teeth in dogs; therefore, it would be contributing to its complementary irrigation, the participation of the branches of the maxillary artery in the irrigation of these tissues, and, finally, it demonstrated that the branches of the facial and maxillary artery anastomose themselves to irrigate tissues they have in common, as the ones that were already mentioned. These results allow us knowing the origin of the revascularization of the upper and periodontal teeth in dogs, after surgical procedures that could damage some branches of maxillary artery. Due to the anatomic similarity of human being's oral cavity and the oral cavity of dogs, the already described results could be used as reference to explain the origin of the revascularization of upper and periodontal teeth, after orthognathic surgery.

Assessment of the efficacy of an indigeniously developed pulse oximeter dental sensor holder for pulp vitality testing.

Current routine methods of assessment of pulp vitality rely on stimulation of nerve fibres and give no direct indication of blood flow within the pulp. Pulse oximeter is a proven, atraumatic method of measuring vascular status, by evaluating oxygen saturation. This study explores the use of customized dental pulse oximeter sensor holder to assess pulpal vascular oxygen saturation in permanent teeth. Pulse oximeter readily differentiated between known vital and nonvital teeth. Vital teeth consistently provided oxygen saturation values that were lower than the values recorded on the patient's fingers. Pulse oximeter is an accurate, atraumatic clinical alternative to the present electrical and thermal methods of assessing pulp vitality in teeth.