El sistema lewis hoy. nuevos enfoques / The lewis system today. new approaches

La expresión de antígenos (Ags) Lewis depende de alelos heredados en loci independientes, el gen Secretor (SE) que codifica la fucosiltransferasa 2 (FUT2) y el gen Lewis (LE) que codifica la fucosiltransferasa 3 (FUT3). El gen Se codifica una glicosiltransferasa que adiciona una fucosa en la cadena precursora de tipo 1 formando el Ag H en secreciones y fluidos. Como los azúcares inmunodominantes del Ag A y B pueden ser agregados a la cadena H de tipo 1, la FUT2 también controla la expresión de Ag A y B en las secreciones. El gen se es un alelo no funcional. El gen Le codifica una transferasa diferente que adiciona una fucosa en el 2do carbono en el precursor de tipo 1. El alelo le no es funcional. Las FUT2 y FUT3 interactúan para la formación de Ags Lewis en secreciones y fluídos. Los Ags Lewis en los eritrocitos no son en realidad parte integral de la membrana, están adsorbidos sobre la superficie en forma pasiva a partir del plasma. Están ampliamente distribuidos en tejidos humanos, eritrocitos, endotelio, riñón, tracto genitourinario, epitelio gastrointestinal y son receptores para algunos patógenos. Los anticuerpos (Acs) anti-Lewis en general no son clínicamente significativos, aunque se han publicado algunos casos de reacciones transfusionales hemolíticas, enfermedad hemolítica fetoneonatal y rechazo de transplante renal. Este trabajo es una revisión sobre los Ags del Sistema Lewis enfocada hacia sus diferentes funciones biológicas y su importancia en campos variados fuera del Banco de Sangre y la Inmunohematología tradicional.

The expression of Lewis blood group antigens depends on the alleles inherited at independent loci, FUT2 Secretor gene (SE) and FUT3 Lewis gene (LE). The Se and Le alleles encode separate fucosyltransferases that interact to form Lewis antigens in secretions and fluids. The Lewis antigens on red blood cells are not integral to the membrane but are passively adsorbed from the plasma. The allele Se encodes a transferase that adds fucose to type 1 precursor chains in secretions and fluids to form type 1 H antigen. Because A and B terminal sugars may be added to type 1 H chains, FUT2 also controls A and B expression in secretions. The FUT2 allele se gen is a nonfunctional allele. The FUT3 allele Le encodes a transferase that adds a fucose in other position in type 1 H precursor. The FUT3 allele le gen is a nonfunctional allele. The Le antigens are widely distributed in human tissues and fluids and are receptors for some pathogenic organisms. Lewis antibodies are rare and clinically no significant, although there are some reports of hemolytic transfusion reactions, hemolytic disease of the newborn and renal transplant rejection. This review focuses on different biological functions of Lewis antigens and their importance in some fields other than Blood Banks and traditional.

Estudio de la autoesterilidad de adhesivos cianoacrílicos in vitro / In vitro study of the autosterility of cyanoacrylic adhesives

Objetivo: establecer una metodología para evaluar la propiedad de autoesterilidad de 2 adhesivos, el tisuacryl de producción nacional y el histoacryl producido por la B. Brown que se tomó como referencia. Métodos: cada adhesivo se puso en contacto con el inóculo de la cepa seleccionada que provoca su polimerización. Se almacenó un tiempo prudencial y se puso en contacto con sangre fresca no menos de 24 horas. Resultados: en la mayoría de los preparados de polímeros con inóculo sometidos a sangre total, apareció crecimiento bacteriano. Conclusiones: el resultado demostró que ninguno de estos preparados es autoestéril.

Objetive: to establish a methodology to evaluate the autosterility property of 2 adhesives, tisuacryl of national production, and histoacryl produced by B. Brown that was taken as a reference. Methods: every adhesive got in contact with the inoculum of the strain selected that produced its polymerization. It was stored for a prudential time and it got in contact with fresh blood for no less than 24 hours. Results: a bacterial growth appeared in most of the polymer preparations with inoculum subjected to whole blood. Conclusions: the result showed that none of these preparations was autosterile.

Sistema ABO e infertilidade / Infertility and blood group ABO system

OBJETIVOS: A incompatibilidade ABO está associada com algumas patologia e estudos sugerem também uma possível associação com a infertilidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a incompatibilidade ABO entre os casais pode ser um fator contribuinte para o quadro de infertilidade. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 161 casais quanto ao grupo sangüíneo ABO e divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 - constituído por 72 casais férteis e grupo 2 - constituído por 89 casais inférteis. Análise estatística foi realizada pelos testes Fischers exact test e chi-square test p menor que 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram um aumento significativo na incompatibilidade ABO nos casais inférteis 38(42,7%) quando comparado com a dos casais férteis 15(25%). Observamos também uma maior freqüência do grupo sangüíneo O nos homens férteis e do grupo B nos homens inférteis. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que a incompatibilidade ABO pode ser um fator contribuinte para a infertilidade, evidenciado pelo aumento significativo da incidência de casais ABO incompatíveis no grupo de casais inférteis

Copper and zinc status in women with unexplained infertility

Zinc is the most widely studied element in term of fertility in both men and women; and zinc deficiency was reported to be associated with infertility. This prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted in the Infertility and IVF center, AL-Samarai Hospital Baghdad-Iraq, to evaluate the level of Cu/Zn ratio in the serum of women with unexplained infertility. Serum levels of copper and zinc were evaluated in twenty six women with unexplained infertility, and in twenty normal women served as control, using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. serum Zn levels were significantly lower compared to control group [6.63 mol/L +/- 0.24 VS 9.0 mol/L +/- 0.9, P= 0.01], serum Cu levels were significantly higher compared to controls [10.92 mol/L +/- 0.4 VS 7.81 mol/L +/- 0.38, P=0.01], Cu/Zn ratio was higher in infertile group [1.65 +/- 0.014 VS 0.86 +/- 0.011, P= 0.02]. From these results it was concluded that the increase in Cu/Zn ratio may have an important etiological role in the pathogenicity of unexplained infertility, and therapeutic intervention in this respect may be beneficial in the treatment of this condition

Amphiphilic and hydrophilic domains of human sperm membrane antigens recognized by immunoinfertile sera.

Selected sera from married couples with immunological infertility were used to identify antigens on hydrophilic and amphiphilic domains of human sperm membrane. Out of eight sera, six recognized proteins from the hydrophilic as well as amphiphilic regions of the sperm membrane. Sera were either reactive to acrosome or to equator and tail of human sperms in indirect immunofluorescence assay.