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1.
Respirar (Ciudad Autón. B. Aires) ; 16(1): 67-77, Marzo 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1551223

ABSTRACT

La tasa de reintubación orotraqueal luego de la extubación se registra entre un 10 a 20%. La aplicación de soportes respiratorios no-invasivos (SRNI) posterior a la extuba-ción como cánula nasal de alto-flujo, ventilación no invasiva (dos niveles de presión) y presión positiva continua en la vía aérea demostraron ser seguras y efectivas post ex-tubación. El período pre-destete representa un momento crucial en el manejo de los pa-cientes críticos ya que el fracaso de la extubación, definido como la necesidad de reintu-bación dentro de los 2 a 7 días, demostró peores resultados al aumentar la mortalidad entre un 25-50%. Esta situación conlleva al requerimiento de ventilación mecánica prolongada, neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica y estancias prolongadas de internación. Por lo tanto, es esencial identificar a los pacientes que se beneficiarán utilizando SRNI post extubación.


The rate of re-intubation after extubation is recorded at 10-20%. The use of non-invasive respiratory support (NIRS) post-extubation such as high-flow nasal cannula, non-invasive ventilation (bilevel pressure) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) have been shown to be safe and effective post-extubation. The pre-weaning period represents a crucial time in the management of critically ill patients, as extubation failure, defined as the need for reintubation within 2-7 days, showed worse outcomes with mortality increasing by 25-50%. This situation leads to the requirement for prolonged mechanical ventilation, ventilator-associated pneumonia and long lengths of hospital stay. Therefore, it is essential to identify patients who will benefit from NIRS post extubation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/statistics & numerical data , Airway Extubation/statistics & numerical data , Noninvasive Ventilation/statistics & numerical data , Cannula/statistics & numerical data , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Mortality , Review
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 20(2): 95-102, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1428796

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A extubação no serviço de emergência não é realizada com frequência, mas pode ser segura em pacientes selecionados sendo que sua falha e subsequente reintubação é associada com aumento do tempo de ventilação mecânica e mortalidade. Objetivo: Estabelecer as variáveis preditivas de insucesso da extubação na sala de emergência para a identificação dos pacientes potencialmente elegíveis para o procedimento com maior assertividade. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo através da análise de prontuário de pacientes que foram extubados no serviço de emergência do Hospital de Base de São José de Rio Preto/SP no período de julho de 2018 a julho de 2021. Dados clínicos e demográficos foram coletados, como idade, sexo, causa da intubação e doenças associadas. Os demais dados analisados após a extubação do paciente foram necessidade de reintubação, tempo de internação hospitalar, necessidade de terapia intensiva, alta hospitalar e óbito. Resultados: Os preditores de reintubação orotraqueal avaliados foram idade, sexo masculino, duração da intubação, doenças cardíacas, pulmonares, gastrointestinais e infecciosas, traumatismo cranioencefálico, ventilação não invasiva pós-extubação e estridor. Os preditores com maior Odds Ratio foram estridor, doenças infecciosas e ventilação não invasiva pós-extubação, com aumento da chance de reintubação comparado aos outros pacientes. Conclusão: A análise conjunta das variáveis clínicas mais a identificação dos fatores de insucesso apresentados estimulam a equipe assistencial a buscar a extubação de pacientes selecionáveis dentro da sala de emergência com maior assertividade


Introduction: Extubation in the emergency department is not performed frequently, but it can be safe in selected patients, and its failure and subsequent reintubation is associated with increased duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality. Objective: To establish predictive variables of extubation failure in the emergency room to identify patients potentially eligible for the procedure with greater assertiveness. Methods: Retrospective study by analyzing the medical records of patients who were extubated in the emergency department of the Hospital de Base de São José de Rio Preto/SP from July 2018 to July 2021. Clinical and demographic data were collected, such as age, sex, cause of intubation and associated diseases. The other data analyzed after extubation of the patient were need for reintubation, length of hospital stay, need for intensive care, hospital discharge and death. Results: The predictors of orotracheal reintubation evaluated were age, male gender, duration of intubation, cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal and infectious diseases, traumatic brain injury, non-invasive post-extubation ventilation and stridor. The predictors with the highest Odds Ratio were stridor, infectious diseases and post-extubation noninvasive ventilation, with an increased chance of reintubation compared to other patients. Conclusion: The joint analysis of clinical variables plus the identification of failure factors presented encourage the care team to seek the extubation of selectable patients within the emergency room with greater assertiveness.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Airway Extubation/statistics & numerical data , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Logistic Models , Demography , Multivariate Analysis , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data
3.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 33(1): 68-74, jan.-mar. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289049

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar se as modificações na atenção médica em razão da aplicação dos protocolos para COVID-19 afetaram os desfechos clínicos de pacientes sem a doença durante a pandemia. Métodos: Este foi um estudo observacional de coorte retrospectiva conduzido em uma unidade de terapia intensiva clínica e cirúrgica com 38 leitos, localizada em hospital privado de alta complexidade na cidade de Buenos Aires, Argentina, e envolveu os pacientes com insuficiência respiratória admitidos à unidade de terapia intensiva no período compreendido entre março e abril de 2020 em comparação com o mesmo período no ano de 2019. Compararam-se as intervenções e os desfechos dos pacientes sem COVID-19 tratados durante a pandemia em 2020 e os pacientes admitidos em 2019. As principais variáveis avaliadas foram os cuidados respiratórios na unidade de terapia intensiva, o número de exames de tomografia computadorizada do tórax e lavados broncoalveolares, complicações na unidade de terapia intensiva e condições quando da alta hospitalar. Resultados: Observou-se, em 2020, uma redução significante do uso de cânula nasal de alto fluxo: 14 (42%), em 2019, em comparação com 1 (3%), em 2020. Além disso, em 2020, observou-se aumento significante no número de pacientes sob ventilação mecânica admitidos à unidade de terapia intensiva a partir do pronto-socorro, de 23 (69%) em comparação com 11 (31%) em 2019. Contudo, o número de pacientes com ventilação mecânica 5 dias após a admissão foi semelhante em ambos os anos: 24 (69%), em 2019, e 26 (79%) em 2020. Conclusão: Os protocolos para unidades de terapia intensiva com base em recomendações internacionais para a pandemia de COVID-19 modificaram o manejo de pacientes sem COVID-19. Observamos redução do uso da cânula nasal de alto fluxo e aumento no número de intubações traqueais no pronto-socorro. Entretanto, não se identificaram alterações na percentagem de pacientes intubados na unidade de terapia intensiva, número de dias sob ventilação mecânica ou número de dias na unidade de terapia intensiva.


Abstract Objective: To analyze whether changes in medical care due to the application of COVID-19 protocols affected clinical outcomes in patients without COVID-19 during the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational cohort study carried out in a thirty-eight-bed surgical and medical intensive care unit of a high complexity private hospital. Patients with respiratory failure admitted to the intensive care unit during March and April 2020 and the same months in 2019 were selected. We compared interventions and outcomes of patients without COVID-19 during the pandemic with patients admitted in 2019. The main variables analyzed were intensive care unit respiratory management, number of chest tomography scans and bronchoalveolar lavages, intensive care unit complications, and status at hospital discharge. Results: In 2020, a significant reduction in the use of a high-flow nasal cannula was observed: 14 (42%) in 2019 compared to 1 (3%) in 2020. Additionally, in 2020, a significant increase was observed in the number of patients under mechanical ventilation admitted to the intensive care unit from the emergency department, 23 (69%) compared to 11 (31%) in 2019. Nevertheless, the number of patients with mechanical ventilation after 5 days of admission was similar in both years: 24 (69%) in 2019 and 26 (79%) in 2020. Conclusion: Intensive care unit protocols based on international recommendations for the COVID-19 pandemic have produced a change in non-COVID-19 patient management. We observed a reduction in the use of a high-flow nasal cannula and an increased number of tracheal intubations in the emergency department. However, no changes in the percentage of intubated patients in the intensive care unit, the number of mechanical ventilation days or the length of stay in intensive care unit.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Critical Illness/therapy , Disease Management , Pandemics , COVID-19/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Bronchoalveolar Lavage/statistics & numerical data , Health Care Surveys , Intensive Care Units , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data
4.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 40(3): 84-89, sept. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1128897

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la discontinuación de la ventilación mecánica invasiva en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos es un objetivo fundamental y primario, en pos de evitar las complicaciones asociadas a ella. El uso de ventilación no invasiva en este contexto resulta de utilidad en tres escenarios específicos: a) como prevención de fallo de extubación, b) como cambio de interface, c) en fallo instalado. No existe evidencia suficiente sobre el tiempo de uso habitual de la VNI en esta subpoblación, las variables que se utilizan para elegirla, las causas de fallo de la VNI y la mortalidad asociada en estos pacientes. Objetivos: describir epidemiológicamente a los pacientes adultos con uso de VNI posextubación y su evolución hasta el alta hospitalaria. Describir la indicación de VNI, el tiempo de uso, las tasas de reintubación y mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Materiales y métodos: cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes internados en la UCI de adultos del Hospital Italiano de San Justo que utilizaron VNI posextubación. A partir de la historia clínica electrónica se registraron variables epidemiológicas previas al ingreso en la UCI y datos evolutivos durante la internación. El período analizado abarca desde el 17 de diciembre de 2016 hasta el 01 de agosto de 2018. Resultados: se incluyeron 48 pacientes en el presente estudio. La mediana de edad fue de 76 años (RIQ 62,75-83,25). El 58,33% eran hombres. El índice de comorbilidad de Charlson tuvo un valor de mediana de 5 (RIQ 3-6). Del total de pacientes reclutados, 33 utilizaron VNI como prevención de fallo de extubación (68,75%), 13 como cambio de interface (27,08%) y solo 2 como fallo instalado (4,16%). La mediana de días de uso de VNI fue 1 (RIQ 0-5) en prevención de fallo, 1 (RIQ 1-2) en cambio de interface y en fallo instalado 13,5 días (RIQ 8,75-18,25). Ocho pacientes fueron reintubados (16,66%). La mortalidad fue del 9,1% en el grupo de prevención de fallo y 7,7% en el grupo de cambio de interface, respectivamente. En cuanto al grupo que la usó a partir del fallo instalado, la tasa de mortalidad fue del 50% (total de dos pacientes). Conclusiones: la VNI como método de discontinuación de la VMI se utiliza principalmente tanto para la prevención de fallo como para cambio de interfaz. El tiempo de uso de VNI posextubación es, en general, limitado. Se necesitan futuros trabajos que identifiquen las horas requeridas de uso de VNI posextubación. (AU)


Introduction: the discontinuation of invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit is a fundamental and primary objective, both of which aim to avoid the complications associated with it. The use of non-invasive ventilation in this context may follow three specific scenarios: a) as prevention of extubation failure, b) as interface change, c) in overt failure. There is not enough evidence on the time of use of NIV in this subpopulation, the variables used to guide its use, the causes of NIV failure and the associated mortality in these patients. Objectives: to describe the use of NIV after extubation in adult critically ill patients. Further, we aim to describe the time of NIV use, the mortality and reintubation rate of each subgroup. Materials and methods: retrospective cohort study including adult patients admitted to the ICU at Hospital Italiano de San Justo, who received NIV post-extubation. Using the electronic health database, epidemiological variables were recorded prior to admission to the ICU and follow-up data during the hospitalization. The period analyzed was from December 17, 2016 to August 1, 2018. Results: 48 patients were included in the present analysis. Median age was 76 years (RIQ 62.75-83.25) and 58.33% were men. The Charlson comorbidity index had a median value of 5 (RIQ 3-6). Of the total number of patients recruited, 33 used NIV as prevention of extubation failure (68.75%), 13 as interface change (27.08%). ) and only 2 as overt extubation failure (4.16%).The median number of days of NIV use was 1 (RIQ 0-5) in failure prevention and 1 (RIQ 1-2) in the change of interface group. 8 patients were reintubated (16.66%). 9.1% and 7.7% of patients died in the groups that used NIV as prevention of extubation failure and change of interface respectively. Conclusions: NIV is frequently used in adult patients following extubation in our centre. Further studies are warranted to depict the necessary time of use to better allocate resources within the intensive care unit. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Airway Extubation/statistics & numerical data , Noninvasive Ventilation/statistics & numerical data , Patient Discharge , Argentina/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Mortality , Airway Extubation/instrumentation , Airway Extubation/mortality , Noninvasive Ventilation/instrumentation , Noninvasive Ventilation/mortality , Noninvasive Ventilation/trends , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data
5.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 31(1): 79-85, jan.-mar. 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003630

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a incidência, os fatores de risco e os desfechos da extubação não planejada em pacientes adultos. Métodos: Conduzimos estudo prospectivo de coorte de pacientes adultos intubados admitidos em ala de atendimento gratuito em um hospital governamental terciário de ensino nas Filipinas. Incluíram-se tanto pacientes em cuidados de terapia intensiva quanto fora dela. Os pacientes foram seguidos até a alta ou até o sétimo dia após a extubação. Resultados: Os desfechos dos 191 pacientes incluídos foram: extubação planejada (35%), extubação não planejada (19%), óbito (39%) e alta a pedido (7%). A regressão de riscos competitivos demonstrou que o sexo masculino (OR bruta de 2,25; IC95% 1,10 - 4,63) e a idade (OR bruta: 0,976; IC95%: 0,957 - 0,996) foram fatores basais significantes. O turno da noite (OR bruta: 24,6; IC95%: 2,87 - 211) também teve associação consistente com maior ocorrência de extubação não planejada. Dentre os desfechos após a extubação, ocorreram significantemente mais, entre os pacientes com extubação não planejada, reintubação (extubação não planejada, com 61,1%, versus extubação planejada, com 25,4%), insuficiência respiratória aguda (extubação não planejada, com 38,9%, versus extubação planejada, com 17,5%) e eventos cardiovasculares (extubação não planejada, com 8,33%, versus extubação planejada, com 1,49%). A admissão à unidade de terapia intensiva não se associou com risco menor de extubação não planejada (OR bruta de 1,15; IC95% 0,594 - 2,21). Conclusão: Muitos pacientes intubados tiveram extubação não planejada. Os pacientes admitidos em outras unidades, que não a de terapia intensiva, não tiveram tendências mais elevadas de extubação não planejada.


ABSTRACT Objective: We aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of unplanned extubation among adult patients. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of adult intubated patients admitted to the charity wards of a government tertiary teaching hospital in the Philippines. Patients managed in both intensive care and nonintensive care settings were included. Patients were followed-up until discharge or until seven days postextubation. Results: The outcomes of the 191 included patients were planned extubation (35%), unplanned extubation (19%), death (39%), and discharge against advice (7%). Competing risk regression showed that male sex (Crude OR: 2.25, 95%CI: 1.10 - 4.63) and age (Crude OR 0.976, 95%CI: 0.957 - 0.996) were significant baseline factors. The night shift (Crude OR: 24.6, 95%CI: 2.87 - 211) was also consistently associated with more unplanned extubations. Among postextubation outcomes, reintubation (unplanned extubation: 61.1% versus planned extubation: 25.4%), acute respiratory failure (unplanned extubation: 38.9% versus planned extubation: 17.5%), and cardiovascular events (unplanned extubation: 8.33% versus planned extubation: 1.49%) occurred significantly more often among the unplanned extubation patients. Admission in an intensive care unit was not associated with a lower risk of unplanned extubation (Crude OR 1.15, 95%CI: 0.594 - 2.21). Conclusion: Many intubated patients had unplanned extubation. Patients admitted in nonintensive care unit settings did not have significantly higher odds of unplanned extubation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Airway Extubation/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Philippines , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Tertiary Care Centers , Hospitals, Teaching , Middle Aged
6.
Rev. chil. anest ; 48(2): 146-152, 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451700

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Perform an objective monitoring of the endotracheal tube cuff pressure in patients under general anesthesia in the Anesthesiology Service of Hospital Privado de Córdoba. METHODS: It is a controlled, comparative, prospective study where the range of cuff pressures was analyzed at the beginning and end of surgery. A Rush brand manometer (Endotest) was used to perform the measurement. This pressure was related to the patient's data (sex, age, BMI, duration of surgery, endotracheal tube diameter). RESULTS: The total sample was 74 patients, and an initial inflation pressure outside the normal range was found in 75.7 percent of the patients of which 48.6 percent was out of the normal range and 27 percent was below of the normal range. At the end of the surgery it was found that 81.8 percent was within normal values. CONCLUSION: It is mandatory to monitor endotracheal tube cuff pressure in patients under general anesthesia.


OBJETIVOS: Realizar un monitoreo de forma objetiva de la presión del manguito de tubo endotraqueal en los pacientes bajo anestesia general en el servicio de Anestesiología del Hospital Privado de Córdoba. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Es un estudio controlado, comparativo, prospectivo donde se analizo el rango de presiones del manguito al inicio y al final de la cirugía. Se utilizo un manometro de marca Rush (Endotest) para realizar la medición. Esta presión se la relaciono con los datos del paciente (sexo, edad, IMC, duración de cirugía, diámetro de tubo endotraqueal). RESULTADOS: El total de la muestra fueron 74 pacientes, y se encontró una presión de inflado inicial fuera de rango normal en un 75,7 por ciento, de los cuales un 48,6 por ciento fue elevado y un 27 por ciento por debajo del rango normal. Al final de la cirugía se comprobó que el 81,8 por ciento estaba dentro de valores normales. CONCLUSIÓN: Es mandatorio el monitoreo de presión del manguito del tubo endotraqueal en todos los pacientes bajo anestesia general.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Pressure , Monitoring, Intraoperative , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Anesthesia, General , Body Mass Index , Prospective Studies , Sex Distribution , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Manometry
7.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 30(4): 487-495, out.-dez. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-977990

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do cateter nasal de alto fluxo na prevenção de intubação e reintubação de pacientes críticos em comparação com oxigenoterapia convencional ou ventilação não invasiva. Métodos: Esta revisão sistemática foi realizada por meio de busca eletrônica em bancos de dados incluindo trabalhos publicados entre 1966 e abril de 2018. O desfecho primário foi a necessidade de intubação ou reintubação. Os desfechos secundários foram escalonamento de terapia, mortalidade no seguimento mais longo, mortalidade hospitalar e necessidade de ventilação não invasiva. Resultados: Dezessete estudos com 3.978 pacientes foram incluídos. Não houve redução na necessidade de intubação ou reintubação (OR 0,72; IC95% 0,52 - 1,01; p = 0,056). Não houve diferença no escalonamento de terapia (OR 0,80; IC95% 0,59 - 1,08; p = 0,144), na mortalidade no seguimento mais longo (OR 0,94; IC95% 0,70 - 1,25; p = 0,667), na mortalidade hospitalar (OR 0,84; IC95% 0,56 - 1,26; p = 0,391) ou na necessidade de ventilação não invasiva (OR 0,64; IC95% 0,39 - 1,05, p = 0,075). Na análise sequencial de ensaios, o número de eventos incluídos foi menor que o tamanho ótimo de informação, com erro tipo I global > 0,05. Conclusão: No presente estudo e no cenário avaliado, o cateter nasal de alto fluxo não foi associado com redução na necessidade de intubação ou reintubação em pacientes críticos.


ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula in the prevention of intubation and re-intubation in critically ill patients compared to conventional oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation. Methods: This systematic review was performed through an electronic database search of articles published from 1966 to April 2018. The primary outcome was the need for intubation or re-intubation. The secondary outcomes were therapy escalation, mortality at the longest follow-up, hospital mortality and the need for noninvasive ventilation. Results: Seventeen studies involving 3,978 patients were included. There was no reduction in the need for intubation or re-intubation with high-flow nasal cannula (OR 0.72; 95%CI 0.52 - 1.01; p = 0.056). There was no difference in the need for therapy escalation (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.59 - 1.08, p = 0.144), mortality at the longest follow-up (OR 0.94; 95%CI 0.70 - 1.25; p = 0.667), hospital mortality (OR 0.84; 95%CI 0.56 - 1.26; p = 0.391) or noninvasive ventilation (OR 0.64, 95%CI 0.39 - 1.05, p = 0.075). In the trial sequential analysis, the number of events included was lower than the optimal information size with a global type I error > 0.05. Conclusion: In the present study and setting, high-flow nasal cannula was not associated with a reduction of the need for intubation or re-intubation in critically ill patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Cannula , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Hospital Mortality , Critical Illness , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods
8.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 116(5): 333-339, oct. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-973664

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El fracaso de extubación es una complicación que aumenta la morbimortalidad. La ventilación no invasiva (VNI) demostró ser efectiva como tratamiento de soporte ventilatorio. Objetivo. Determinar la tasa de éxito de la VNI posextubación y los factores asociados al éxito o fracaso del procedimiento. Población y métodos. Diseño: observacional, retrospectivo, analítico y multicéntrico. Ingresaron todos los pacientes que requirieron VNI posextubación durante 2014 y 2015. Se denominó VNI de rescate la implementación por falla respiratoria aguda y VNI electiva, su aplicación en forma profiláctica. Se definió fracaso de la VNI la necesidad de intubación orotraqueal en las primeras 48 horas. Se compararon las características entre éxitos y fracasos, los tipos de VNI y se realizó un relevamiento del equipamiento utilizado. Resultados. Precisaron VNI de rescate 112 niños y VNI electiva, 143. Las tasas de éxitos fueron de 68,8% y 72,7%, respectivamente. Aquellos que fracasaron la VNI de rescate tuvieron una mortalidad mayor que aquellos con VNI exitosa. Se observaron más días de internación y de ventilación mécanica invasiva previa a la extubación en el grupo de VNI electiva. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue la infección respiratoria aguda baja en el niño sano. Conclusiones. La utilización de VNI posterior a la extubación puede ser una herramienta útil para evitar el reingreso a ventilación mecánica invasiva. Los pacientes inmunocomprometidos y con antecedentes neurológicos tuvieron mayor fracaso. Los pacientes que fracasaron toleraron menos horas de VNI y presentaron mayor estadía en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos.


Introduction. Extubation failure is a complication that increases morbidity and mortality. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has demonstrated to be effective as ventilatory support therapy. Objective. To determine the rate of postextubation NIV success and the factors associated with procedural failure or success. Population and methods. Design: observational, retrospective, analytical, and multicenter study. All patients who required post-extubation NIV during 2014 and 2015 were included. Rescue NIV was defined as the implementation of NIV for acute respiratory failure; elective NIV was described as its implementation for prophylaxis. NIV failure was defined as the need for orotracheal intubation within the first 48 hours. The characteristics of failure and success and the types of NIV were compared, and the equipment used was assessed. Results. Rescue NIV was required in 112 children; elective NIV, in 143. The rates of success were 68.8% and 72.7%, respectively. Mortality was higher among patients in whom rescue NIV failed compared to those with successful NIV. A longer length of stay and more days of invasive mechanical ventilation prior to extubation were observed in the elective NIV group. The most common diagnosis was acute lower respiratory tract infection in previously healthy children. Conclusions. The use of post-extubation NIV may be a useful tool to prevent reintubation with invasive mechanical ventilation. Immunocompromised patients and those with neurological history had a higher rate of failure. Patients with failure tolerated less hours of NIV and had a longer length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Airway Extubation , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Time Factors , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Acute Disease , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Salvage Therapy/methods , Length of Stay
9.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 29(2): 180-187, abr.-jun. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-899503

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar pacientes em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca que necessitaram de reintubação endotraqueal, e identificar os fatores associados com óbito e seu relacionamento com escores de severidade. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de informações referentes a 1.640 pacientes em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca no período entre 2007 e 2015. Resultados: A taxa de reintubação foi de 7,26%. Dentre os pacientes reintubados, 36 (30,3%) foram submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica, 27 (22,7%) à substituição valvar, 25 (21,0%) à correção de um aneurisma e oito (6,7%) a um transplante cardíaco. Dentre os pacientes com comorbidades, 54 (51,9%) eram hipertensos, 22 (21,2%) diabéticos e 10 (9,6%) tinham doença pulmonar. Dentre os pacientes que tiveram complicações, 61 (52,6%) tiveram pneumonia, 50 (42,4%) desenvolveram insuficiência renal e 49 (51,0%) tiveram uma forma moderada de distúrbio transitório da troca gasosa. Foi realizada ventilação não invasiva em 53 (44,5%) pacientes. A taxa de óbitos foi de 40,3%, e a mortalidade foi mais elevada no grupo que não recebeu ventilação não invasiva antes da reintubação (53,5%). Dentre os pacientes reintubados que morreram, os valores do SOFA e do APACHE II foram, respectivamente, de 7,9 ± 3,0 e 16,9 ± 4,5. A maior parte dos pacientes reintubados (47,5%) pertencia ao grupo de risco mais elevado (EuroSCORE > 6 pontos). Conclusão: A taxa de reintubação foi elevada e se relacionou com o SOFA e o APACHE II mais graves. A mortalidade foi mais elevada no grupo que não recebeu ventilação não invasiva antes da reintubação.


ABSTRACT Objectives: To analyze patients after cardiac surgery that needed endotracheal reintubation and identify factors associated with death and its relation with the severity scores. Methods: Retrospective analysis of information of 1,640 patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery between 2007 and 2015. Results: The reintubation rate was 7.26%. Of those who were reintubated, 36 (30.3%) underwent coronary artery bypass surgery, 27 (22.7%) underwent valve replacement, 25 (21.0%) underwent correction of an aneurysm, and 8 (6.7%) underwent a heart transplant. Among those with comorbidities, 54 (51.9%) were hypertensive, 22 (21.2%) were diabetic, and 10 (9.6%) had lung diseases. Among those who had complications, 61 (52.6%) had pneumonia, 50 (42.4%) developed renal failure, and 49 (51.0%) had a moderate form of the transient disturbance of gas exchange. Noninvasive ventilation was performed in 53 (44.5%) patients. The death rate was 40.3%, and mortality was higher in the group that did not receive noninvasive ventilation before reintubation (53.5%). Within the reintubated patients who died, the SOFA and APACHE II values were 7.9 ± 3.0 and 16.9 ± 4.5, respectively. Most of the reintubated patients (47.5%) belonged to the high-risk group, EuroSCORE (> 6 points). Conclusion: The reintubation rate was high, and it was related to worse SOFA, APACHE II and EuroSCORE scores. Mortality was higher in the group that did not receive noninvasive ventilation before reintubation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Noninvasive Ventilation , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/methods , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Postoperative Period , Severity of Illness Index , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , APACHE , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged
10.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 66(6): 572-576, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829705

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: This study compared the rates of acute respiratory failure, reintubation, length of intensive care stay and mortality in patients in whom the non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) was applied instead of the routine venturi face mask (VM) application after a successful weaning. Methods: Following the approval of the hospital ethics committee, 62 patients who were under mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours were scheduled for this study. 12 patients were excluded because of the weaning failure during T-tube trial. The patients who had optimum weaning criteria after the T-tube trial of 30 minutes were extubated. The patients were kept on VM for 1 hour to observe the hemodynamic and respiratory stability. The group of 50 patients who were successful to wean randomly allocated to have either VM (n = 25), or NIV (n = 25). Systolic arterial pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), PaO2, PCO2, and pH values were recorded. Results: The number of patients who developed respiratory failure in the NIV group was significantly less than VM group of patients (3 reintubation vs. 14 NIV + 5 reintubation in the VM group). The length of stay in the ICU was also significantly shorter in NIV group (5.2 ± 4.9 vs. 16.7 ± 7.7 days). Conclusions: The ratio of the respiratory failure and the length of stay in the ICU were lower when non-invasive mechanical ventilation was used after extubation even if the patient is regarded as ‘successfully weaned’. We recommend the use of NIMV in such patients to avoid unexpected ventilator failure.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: Este estudo comparou as taxas de insuficiência respiratória aguda, reintubação, tempo de internação em UTI e mortalidade em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica não invasiva (VMNI) em vez da habitual máscara facial de Venturi (MV) após desmame bem-sucedido. Métodos: Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética do hospital, 62 pacientes que estavam sob ventilação mecânica por no mínimo 48 horas foram inscritos neste estudo. Doze foram excluídos devido à falha de desmame durante o teste de tubo-T. Os que apresentaram critérios de desmame ótimos após o teste de tubo-T de 30 minutos foram extubados. Foram mantidos em MV por uma hora para observação da estabilidade hemodinâmica e respiratória. O grupo de 50 pacientes que obtiveram sucesso no desmame ventilatório foi alocado aleatoriamente para MV (n = 25) ou VNI (n = 25). Os valores de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR), PaO2, PCO2 e pH foram registrados. Resultados: O número de pacientes que desenvolveu insuficiência respiratória no grupo VNI foi significativamente menor do que o do grupo MV (3 reintubações vs. 14 VNI + 5 reintubações no grupo MV). O tempo de permanência em UTI também foi significativamente menor no grupo NIV (5,2 ± 4,9 vs. 16,7 ± 7,7 dias). Conclusões: As taxas de insuficiência respiratória e do tempo de permanência em UTI foram menores quando a ventilação mecânica não invasiva foi usada após a extubação, mesmo se o paciente foi considerado como “desmame bem-sucedido”. Recomendamos o uso de VMNI em tais pacientes para evitar a falha inesperada do ventilador.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Noninvasive Ventilation/instrumentation , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , Respiration, Artificial/mortality , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/prevention & control , Respiratory Insufficiency/epidemiology , Ventilator Weaning/mortality , Critical Care/statistics & numerical data , Noninvasive Ventilation/mortality , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Longevity , Masks , Middle Aged
11.
Rev. gaúch. enferm ; 35(2): 67-72, 06/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-716374

ABSTRACT

Our objective was to identify factors associated with the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) postoperative to cardiac surgery and assess the association between duration of endotracheal intubation, length of stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and hospital. Longitudinal, retrospective study of medical records of 116 adults undergoing cardiac surgery from March 2012 to May 2013. The mean age was 57±14 years, predominantly male and coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (52.6%). The MV time was 15.25(7.66 to 23.68) hours. Associated with longer MV was the age (r=0.5,p<0.001), comorbidities (r=0.344,p<0.001), cardiopulmonary bypass time (r=0.244,p=0.008), duration of continuous sedation (r=0.607,p<0.001), sedative doses (r=0.4, p<0.001), time of vasoconstrictors and vasodilators (r=0.711, p< 0.001, r=0.368, p<0.001), drainage of the 1st time (r=0.201, p<0.031), presence of drains (r=0.445, p<0.001), postoperative complications (r=0.524, p< 0.001) and hospital stay. Our data confirms that both preoperative, transoperative and postoperative variables prolong the VM and therefore the hospital stay.


Nuestro objetivo fue identificar los factores asociados con la duración de la ventilación mecánica (VM) en postoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca y evaluar la asociación entre la duración de la intubación endotraqueal, la duración de la estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) y el hospital. Estudio longitudinal, retrospectivo con una muestra de 116 adultos sometidos a cirugía cardíaca de marzo 2012 a mayo 2013. La edad media fue de 57±14 años, predominio masculino y la realización de revascularización coronaria (52,6%). El tempo de VM fue 15,25 (7,66 a 23,68) horas. Se asociaron con una mayor edad MV (r=0,5,p<0,001), la comorbilidad (r=0,344,p<0,001), el tiempo de circulación extracorpórea (r=0,244, p=0,008), la duración de la sedación continua (r=0,607, p<0,001), las dosis sedantes (r=0,4,p<0,001), el tiempo de vasoconstrictores y vasodilatadores (r=0,711, p<0,001,r=0,368,p<0,001), el drenaje del primer tiempo (r=0,201,p<0,031), la presencia de drenajes (r=0,445,p<0,001), las complicaciones postoperatorias (r=0,524,p<0,001) y la estancia hospitalaria. Nuestros datos confirman que tanto variables pre y postoperatorias prolongan el tiempo de VM y, por lo tanto, la estancia en el hospital.


Nosso objetivo foi identificar fatores associados ao tempo de ventilação mecânica (VM) no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca e verificar associação entre tempo de entubação endotraqueal, tempo de internação na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e hospitalar. Estudo longitudinal, retrospectivo com 116 prontuários de adultos submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca no período de março 2012 a maio 2013. A média de idade foi 57±14 anos; houve predomínio do sexo masculino e de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (52,6%). O tempo VM foi 15,25 (7,66-23,68) horas. Foram relacionadas com maior tempo em VM a idade (r=0,5; p<0,001), comorbidades (r=0,344; p<0,001), tempo de circulação extracorpórea (r=0,244; p=0,008), tempo de sedação contínua (r=0,607; p<0,001), doses sedativas (r=0,4; p<0,001), tempo de vasoconstritores e vasodilatadores (r=0,711; p<0,001; r=0,368; p<0,001), drenagem da 1ª hora (r=0,201; p<0,031), permanência dos drenos (r=0,445; p<0,001), complicações do pós-operatório (r=0,524; p<0,001) e permanência hospitalar. Nossos dados confirmam que tanto variáveis pré, trans e pós-operatórias prolongam o tempo de VM e, consequentemente, a permanência hospitalar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Postoperative Care/methods , Postoperative Care/statistics & numerical data , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Longitudinal Studies , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors
12.
São Paulo med. j ; 131(3): 158-165, 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-679558

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE There are no reports on reintubation incidence and its causes and consequences during the postoperative period following elective intracranial surgery. The objective here was to evaluate the incidence of reintubation and its causes and complications in this situation. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective cohort study, using data obtained at a tertiary university hospital between 2003 and 2006. METHODS 169 patients who underwent elective intracranial surgery were studied. Preoperative assessment was performed and the patients were followed up until hospital discharge or death. The rate of reintubation with its causes and complications was ascertained. RESULTS The incidence of reintubation was 12.4%, and the principal cause was lowered level of consciousness (71.5%). There was greater incidence of reintubation among females (P = 0.028), and greater occurrence of altered level of consciousness at the time of extubation (P < 0.0001). Reintubated patients presented longer duration of mechanical ventilation (P < 0.0001), longer stays in the intensive care unit (ICU) and in the hospital (P < 0.0001), greater incidence of pulmonary complications (P < 0.0001), greater need for reoperation and tracheostomy, and higher mortality (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The incidence of reintubation in these patients was 12.4%. The main cause was lowering of the level of consciousness. Female gender and altered level of consciousness at the time of extubation correlated with higher incidence of reintubation. Reintubation was associated with pulmonary complications, longer durations of mechanical ventilation, hospitalization and stay in the ICU, greater incidence of tracheostomy and mortality. .


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO Não há relatos sobre incidência de reintubação, suas causas e consequências no pós-operatório de cirurgia intracraniana eletiva. O objetivo foi avaliar a incidência de reintubação, suas causas e complicações em pós-operatório de cirurgia intracraniana eletiva. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL Estudo de coorte prospectivo, com dados que foram obtidos de 2003 a 2006 em um hospital universitário terciário. MÉTODO 169 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia intracraniana eletiva foram estudados. Foi realizada avaliação pré-operatória e os pacientes foram acompanhados até a alta hospitalar ou óbito, verificando a taxa de reintubação, suas causas e complicações. RESULTADOS A incidência de reintubação foi de 12,4% sendo a principal causa o rebaixamento do nível de consciência (71,5%). Houve maior incidência de reintubação no sexo feminino (P = 0,028), bem como do nível de consciência alterado no momento da extubação (P < 0,0001). Pacientes reintubados apresentaram maior tempo de ventilação mecânica (P < 0,0001) e de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e hospitalar (P < 0,0001), maior incidência de complicações pulmonares (P < 0,0001), maior necessidade de reoperação e traqueostomia, além de aumento de mortalidade (P < 0,0001). CONCLUSÃO A incidência de reintubação nesses pacientes foi de 12,4%. A principal causa da reintubação foi o rebaixamento do nível de consciência. O sexo feminino e nível de consciência alterado no momento da extubação foram relacionados à maior incidência ...


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cerebrovascular Disorders/surgery , Consciousness Disorders/therapy , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Elective Surgical Procedures , Analysis of Variance , Consciousness Disorders/etiology , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Lung Diseases/etiology , Lung Diseases/therapy , Postoperative Period , Prospective Studies , Sex Factors , Tracheostomy/adverse effects , Ventilator Weaning/adverse effects
13.
Clinics ; 67(9): 995-1000, Sept. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-649375

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: A number of complications exist with invasive mechanical ventilation and with the use of and withdrawal from prolonged ventilator support. The use of protocols that enable the systematic identification of patients eligible for an interruption in mechanical ventilation can significantly reduce the number of complications. This study describes the application of a weaning protocol and its results. METHODS: Patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours were included and assessed daily to identify individuals who were ready to begin the weaning process. RESULTS: We studied 252 patients with a median mechanical ventilation time of 3.7 days (interquartile range of 1 to 23 days), a rapid shallow breathing index value of 48 (median), a maximum inspiratory pressure of 40 cmH(2)0, and a maximum expiratory pressure of 40 cm H(2)0 (median). Of these 252 patients, 32 (12.7%) had to be reintubated, which represented weaning failure. Noninvasive ventilation was used postextubation in 170 (73%) patients, and 15% of these patients were reintubated, which also represented weaning failure. The mortality rate of the 252 patients studied was 8.73% (22), and there was no significant difference in the age, gender, mechanical ventilation time, and maximum inspiratory pressure between the survivors and nonsurvivors. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a specific weaning protocol resulted in a lower mechanical ventilation time and an acceptable reintubation rate. This protocol can be used as a comparative index in hospitals to improve the weaning system, its monitoring and the informative reporting of patient outcomes and may represent a future tool and source of quality markers for patient care.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Brazil , Clinical Protocols , Intensive Care Units , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Ventilator Weaning/standards
14.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 87(4): 343-349, jul.-ago. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-598490

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Descrever a experiência do pronto-socorro de um hospital pediátrico com a sequência rápida de intubação e detectar os fatores associados ao sucesso. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo transversal observacional de julho de 2005 a dezembro de 2007, de coleta de dados das intubações traqueais realizadas no pronto-socorro do Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Foi considerada intubação traqueal com sucesso aquela realizada na primeira tentativa. RESULTADOS: Foram realizadas 117 intubações traqueais, 80 por cento sob sequência rápida de intubação; 79 por cento eram portadores de doenças de base; a insuficiência respiratória aguda foi a causa da intubação traqueal em 40 por cento; a taxa de sucesso foi de 39 por cento; o residente de pediatria do segundo ano foi o responsável por 74 por cento das intubações traqueais; foi realizada ventilação com pressão positiva em 74 por cento dos procedimentos, sendo menor a sua utilização entre os pacientes que foram intubados com sucesso (p = 0,002). Midazolam foi o sedativo utilizado em 80 por cento dos procedimentos, e rocurônio foi o bloqueador neuromuscular em 100 por cento; complicações decorrentes da sequência rápida de intubação foram descritas em 80 por cento, sendo a queda da saturação de oxigênio relatada em 47 por cento e menor nos pacientes intubados com sucesso (p < 0,001); dificuldades relativas à intubação traqueal foram menos relatadas nos procedimentos com sucesso (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A sequência rápida de intubação foi o método de escolha nas intubações traqueais realizadas no pronto-socorro (80 por cento) e demonstrou ser um método seguro e com baixa incidência de complicações graves, apesar de ter apresentado baixa taxa de sucesso (39 por cento) neste estudo. O sucesso da intubação traqueal com sequência rápida de intubação parece estar diretamente relacionado ao preparo adequado do procedimento e experiência do profissional, podendo-se concluir que é necessário maior treinamento dos residentes e dos assistentes envolvidos no atendimento de emergência.


OBJECTIVES: To describe the experience of the emergency department of a pediatric hospital with rapid sequence intubation (RSI) and to identify the factors associated with successful intubation. METHODS: This prospective, observational, cross-sectional study conducted from July 2005 to December 2007 consisted of collection of data regarding tracheal intubations performed at the emergency department of Instituto da Criança of Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo. Successful tracheal intubations were the ones performed at the first attempt. RESULTS: One-hundred and seventeen tracheal intubations were performed; 80 percent of them were RSIs; 79 percent of patients had underlying diseases; acute respiratory failure was the cause of tracheal intubation in 40 percent; success rate was 39 percent; second-year pediatric resident physicians were responsible for 74 percent of tracheal intubations; positive pressure ventilation was performed in 74 percent of procedures, with less frequent use among patients who were successfully intubated (p = 0.002). Midazolam was the sedative used in 80 percent of procedures, and rocuronium was the neuromuscular blocker in 100 percent; complications of RSI were described in 80 percent of intubations, with decreased oxygen saturation being reported in 47 percent and lower decrease in those patients successfully intubated (p < 0.001); difficulties related to tracheal intubation were less frequent in the successful procedures (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: RSI is the method of choice for tracheal intubations performed in the emergency department (80 percent). In spite of the low success rate (39 percent) in the present study, RSI has proven to be a safe method, with a low incidence of severe complications. The success of tracheal intubation using RSI seems to be directly related to the preparation of the procedure and the health professional's experience. Thus, we conclude that further training of resident physicians and health professionals working in the emergency department is required.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Clinical Competence/standards , Emergency Service, Hospital/standards , Guideline Adherence/standards , Intubation, Intratracheal , Pediatrics , Clinical Protocols , Cross-Sectional Studies , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Prospective Studies
15.
Indian J Med Sci ; 2010 July; 64(7) 325-328
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-145547

ABSTRACT

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute demyelinating disorder of the peripheral nervous system that results from an aberrant immune response directed at peripheral nerves. A typical GBS patient presents with rapidly ascending symmetrical weakness, which may progress to respiratory failure in 30% of patients. There are no definite criteria exists in GBS in children regarding prolonged ventilation. Here we report a child of GBS requiring prolonged intubation and ventilation for 60 days who afterward had a complete recovery. We present this case to highlight the importance that even in children prolonged intubation and ventilation of GBS case prognosis can be good.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/diagnosis , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/epidemiology , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/therapy , Humans , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Male , Prognosis
17.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 86(3): 189-195, maio-jun. 2010. graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-550773

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar a incidência e fatores de risco para a extubação acidental (EA) em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal de nível terciário. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectivo para determinar a densidade de incidência de EA por 100 pacientes-dia, no período de 23 meses, em 222 recém-nascidos em assistência ventilatória (AV). Foram estudados os fatores de risco para a EA utilizando análise de regressão logística. A presença de padrão cíclico nas taxas de extubação, segundo variáveis de interesse, foi investigada pela análise de Cosinor. RESULTADOS: A média da taxa de EA foi de 5,34/100 pacientes-dia ventilados. As variáveis preditoras que se associaram à EA foram o uso subsequente da via oral e nasal durante a AV [risco relativo (RR) = 4,73; intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento (IC95 por cento) 1,92-11,60], a duração da AV (a cada dia RR = 1,03; IC95 por cento 1,02-1,04) e o número de pacientes-dia ventilados (RR = 1,01; IC95 por cento 1,01-1,02). Pela regressão múltipla ajustada, o tempo total de AV foi o único preditor independente para a EA nesta amostra (RR = 1,02; IC95 por cento 1,01-1,03). O tempo de AV de 10,5 dias apresentou acurácia de 0,79 (IC95 por cento 0,71-0,87) para a ocorrência de EA. A análise de Cosinor demonstrou periodicidade significativa na taxa geral de EA e no número de pacientes-dia ventilados. Houve correlação significativa entre o número de pacientes-dia e a frequência de EA. CONCLUSÃO: A densidade média de EA foi de 5,34/100 pacientes-dia. O único preditor independente para EA foi a duração da AV. A melhor acurácia para a ocorrência de EA foi obtida aos 10,5 dias de duração da AV.


OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and risk factors of accidental extubation (AE) in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted to determine AE incidence density per 100 patient-days, during a 23-month period, in 222 newborns receiving assisted ventilation (AV). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for AE. The presence of a cyclical pattern in extubation rates, according to the variables of interest, was investigated by Cosinor analysis. RESULTS: The mean AE rate was 5.34/100 patient-days ventilated. AE-associated predictive variables were: subsequent use of the oral and nasal routes during AV [relative risk (RR) = 4.73; 95 percent confidence interval (95 percentCI) 1.92-11.60], AV duration (per day, RR = 1.03; 95 percentCI 1.02-1.04), and number of patient-days ventilated (RR = 1.01; 95 percentCI 1.01-1.02). According to the adjusted multiple regression analysis, total AV time was the only independent predictor of AE in this sample (RR = 1.02; 95 percentCI 1.01-1.03). AV time of 10.5 days showed an accuracy of 0.79 (95 percentCI 0.71-0.87) for the occurrence of AE. Cosinor analysis showed significant periodicity in overall AE rate and in the number of patient-days ventilated. There was a significant correlation between the number of patient-days ventilated and AE frequency. CONCLUSION: Mean AE density was 5.34/100 patient-days ventilated. AV duration was the only independent predictor of AE. The best accuracy for AE occurrence was achieved at 10.5 days of AV duration.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Device Removal/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Time Factors
18.
Indian J Pediatr ; 2010 Mar; 77(3): 273-276
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-142521

ABSTRACT

Objective. To report our experience before and after implementation of pediatric rapid response team (RRT) in pediatric wards of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Methods. An audit of RRT activity from December 2007 to August 2008 was conducted and reviewed patient diagnoses at the time of call placement, interventions done and post-intervention clinical outcomes. Clinical Outcomes in the nine months before RRT implementation were compared with those in the first operational nine months after RRT. Results. Eighty-three calls were generated during the post-intervention study period of 9-month (21 calls/1000 admissions). The median age of patients was 27 months; 37% calls were for infants. The majority of patients were under care of medical services (93% vs 7% under care of surgical services). Greater numbers of calls were made during 0800-1600 hours (45%). Respiratory issues were the most common reason for activation of RRT. Because of early interventions, majority (61%) of patients avoided unnecessary PICU stay and expenditure; only 17% required mechanical ventilation in PICU. The code rate per 1000 admissions decreased from 5.2 (pre-RRT) to 2.7 (post-RRT) (p=0.08; OR 1.88(95%CI 0.9 -3.93). The mortality rate of patients admitted in PICU from wards decreased from 50% to 15% (p=0.25; OR 1.64 (95%CI 0.63 – 4.29). Conclusion. Our experience with implementation of RRT was associated with reduction in cardiorespiratory arrest, mortality and saved a lot of PICU resource utilization. It is an excellent patient-safety initiative especially in resource-constrained countries by bringing PICU reflexes outside the PICU.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Clinical Audit , Hospital Mortality , Hospital Rapid Response Team/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Infant , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Pakistan , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies
19.
Indian Pediatr ; 2009 Oct; 46(10): 887-890
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-144199

ABSTRACT

We conducted this study to find out the incidence of extubation failure (EF) in ventilated neonates and associated clinical risk factors. Eighty two ventilated neonates were followed up to 48 hours post-extubation to look for EF. Twenty two babies (26.8%) had EF. The common risk factors for EF were presence of patent ductus arteriosus, post-extubation lung collapse and acquired pneumonia. The duration of ventilation, and maximum and pre-extubation alveolar arterial oxygen gradients (AaDO2) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in EF group. The incidence of sepsis (P=0.034), anemia (P=0.004) and pneumonia (P=0.001) were significantly higher in EF group. Detection of significant PDA and adequate post extubation care may help to reduce rate of extubation failure in neonates.


Subject(s)
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/therapy , Female , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Male , Prospective Studies , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Treatment Failure , Ventilator Weaning/statistics & numerical data
20.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 55(6): 646-650, 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-538495

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever a frequência e os tipos de complicações da intubação traqueal e suas principais causas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de pacientes internados na UTI Pediátrica da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, entre maio/98 e dezembro/99 e que foram submetidos a intubação traqueal por mais de 24 horas. Os critérios de exclusão incluíam intubações anteriores, cirurgias ou traumas em região cervical ou orofaringe. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 147 casos com idade variando de um mês até 15 anos e três meses. Em 31,3 por cento foram usados tubos traqueais de tamanho inadequado e 14,3 por cento necessitaram cinco ou mais tentativas para serem intubados. Houve maior dificuldade de intubação por parte dos médicos residentes. O maior número de tentativas de intubação traqueal foi relacionado com aumento de traumas, hipóxia, bradicardia e piora no escore de Downes após a extubação. Foram observados 21,8 por cento de extubação acidental, que se relacionou com piora no escore de Downes e necessidade de reintubação. Os médicos residentes também causaram maior número de traumas e de bradicardia. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria das complicações pode ser atribuída à falta de experiência e treinamento do médico que realizou a intubação traqueal, devendo-se para minimizá-las implementar programas de treinamento e aumentar a supervisão durante a intubação traqueal.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency and types of tracheal intubation complications and their main causes. METHODS: Cross sectional study of patients who were submitted to tracheal intubation for more than 24 hours at the Pediatric ICU of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, between May 1998 and December 1999. Exclusion criteria were previous intubations, surgeries or traumas in the cervical region or oropharynx. RESULTS: A study of 147 patients with ages varying from 1 month to 15 years and 3 months was carried out. An inadequate tracheal tube had been used in 31.3 percent of patients submitted to tracheal intubation and 14.3 percent needed 5 or more attempts to achieve intubation. Resident physicians had more difficulty with intubation. Most tracheal intubation attempts were related to increased traumas, hypoxia, bradycardia and worsening of the Downes score after extubation. Accidental extubation was observed in 21.8 percent, related to worsening in the score of Downes and need for reintubation. The resident physicians also caused a higher number of traumas and bradycardia. CONCLUSION: Most complications may be attributed to lack of experience and training of the physician performing the tracheal intubation. We should implement training programs and increase supervision during tracheal intubation to minimize these outcomes.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Brazil/epidemiology , Clinical Competence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data
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