ABSTRACT
IgG4-related disease (ER-IgG4) is a group of systemic fibro-inflammatory diseases, whose renal involvement is rare and difficult to diagnose. Diagnosis is usually made by serological and histological studies. Treatment is based on systemic corticosteroids. The renal prognosis is determined by the patient's comorbidities and the degree of fibrosis in the renal biopsy. We present the case of an elderly patient with exacerbated chronic kidney disease, whose study showed nephropathy associated with ER-IgG4.
La enfermedad relacionada a IgG4 (ER-IgG4) es un grupo de enfermedades fibro-inflamatorias sistémicas, cuya afectación renal es poco frecuente y de difícil diagnóstico. Habitualmente el diagnóstico se realiza mediante estudios serológicos e histológicos. El tratamiento se basa en corticoides sistémicos. El pronóstico renal está determinado por las comorbilidades del paciente y el grado de fibrosis en la biopsia renal. Se presenta el caso de un paciente adulto mayor con enfermedad renal crónica reagudizada, cuyo estudio demostró nefropatía asociada a ER-IgG4.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease/complications , Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease/diagnosis , Immunoglobulin G , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ultrasonography , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease/drug therapy , Kidney/diagnostic imaging , Kidney DiseasesABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Although tacrolimus (TAC) significantly reduces allograft rejection incidence in solid-organ transplantation, its long-term use is associated with an increased risk of TAC-induced nephrotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the renoprotective effects of green tea extract (GTE) with or without the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, gemigliptin, by assessing serum creatinine levels, the amount of proteinuria, and histopathology in TAC-induced nephrotoxicity. TAC-induced nephrotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal TAC injection, GTE was administered via subcutaneous injection, and gemigliptin was administered orally. Mice with TAC-induced nephrotoxicity exhibited a significant increase in both serum creatinine levels and 24-hour urine protein. However, when treated with GTE via subcutaneous injection, mice showed a decrease in serum creatinine levels and the amount of proteinuria. When GTE was combined with gemigliptin, further renoprotective effects were observed in biochemical assessments, consistent with the attenuation of TAC-induced nephrotoxicity in histopathology. The expression of p53 protein was lower in the mice treated with the combination of GTE and gemigliptin compared to mice with TAC-induced nephrotoxicity. Our results demonstrate that the combination of GTE and gemigliptin treatment reveals synergistic renoprotective effects by decreasing the expression of p53 protein. These findings suggest that the combination of GTE and gemigliptin could potentially be used as a prophylactic or therapeutic strategy for TAC-induced nephrotoxicity.
Aunque tacrolimus (TAC) reduce significativamente la incidencia de rechazo de aloinjertos en trasplantes de órganos sólidos, su uso a largo plazo se asocia con un mayor riesgo de nefrotoxicidad inducida por TAC. En este estudio, investigamos los efectos renoprotectores del extracto de té verde (GTE) con o sin el inhibidor de la dipeptidil peptidasa 4, gemigliptina, mediante la evaluación de los niveles de creatinina sérica, la cantidad de proteinuria y la histopatología en la nefrotoxicidad inducida por TAC. La nefrotoxicidad inducida por TAC se indujo mediante inyección intraperitoneal de TAC, el GTE se administró mediante inyección subcutánea y la gemigliptina se administró por vía oral. Los ratones con nefrotoxicidad inducida por TAC mostraron un aumento significativo tanto en los niveles de creatinina sérica como en la proteína en orina de 24 horas. Sin embargo, cuando se trataron con GTE mediante inyección subcutánea, los ratones mostraron una disminución en los niveles de creatinina sérica y en la cantidad de proteinuria. Cuando se combinó GTE con gemigliptina, se observaron efectos renoprotectores adicionales en las evaluaciones bioquímicas, lo que concuerda con la atenuación de la nefrotoxicidad inducida por TAC en histopatología. La expresión de la proteína p53 fue menor en los ratones tratados con la combinación de GTE y gemigliptina en comparación con los ratones con nefrotoxicidad inducida por TAC. Nuestros resultados demuestran que la combinación de tratamiento con GTE y gemigliptina revela efectos renoprotectores sinérgicos al disminuir la expresión de la proteína p53. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la combinación de GTE y gemigliptina podría usarse potencialmente como estrategia profiláctica o terapéutica para la nefrotoxicidad inducida por TAC.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Piperidones/administration & dosage , Pyrimidines/administration & dosage , Tea , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Tacrolimus/toxicity , Kidney Diseases/drug therapy , Piperidones/pharmacology , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Protective Agents , Drug Synergism , Immunosuppressive Agents/toxicity , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney Diseases/chemically inducedABSTRACT
Introducción: La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad no transmisible con una elevada comorbilidad, sobre todo, vinculada a la enfermedad renal crónica. La caracterización del paciente diabético, según variables epidemiológicas y los conocimientos de la enfermedad renal crónica que presentan, deben preceder a la valoración clínica y a la intervención educativa dirigida a modificar estilos de vida como parte de la atención primaria de salud. Objetivos: Caracterizar a pacientes diabéticos del Policlínico Santa Clara, según variables epidemiológicas seleccionadas, y la comorbilidad vinculada con la enfermedad renal crónica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-exploratorio a los pacientes diabéticos en el consultorio médico de la familia 16-11 del Policlínico Santa Clara, de octubre del 2019 a junio del 2022. La población estuvo conformada por 79 pacientes diabéticos y la muestra por 60, según criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se utilizaron técnicas de análisis estadístico: análisis de frecuencias simples, estadística descriptiva y la prueba de independencia de Chi cuadrado. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino; grupo etario de 55-59; diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y cifras elevadas de tensión arterial correlacionadas con la diabetes. Además, existió un nivel bajo de conocimientos acerca de las enfermedades renales crónicas. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos permiten confirmar la relevancia de este tipo de estudios para elevar el nivel de conocimientos sobre la relación entre el padecimiento de diabetes mellitus y la enfermedad renal crónica, para contribuir a mejorar la calidad de vida de este grupo poblacional a través de una intervención educativa previamente orientada.
Introduction: diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease with high comorbidity and especially linked to chronic kidney disease. Characterization of diabetic patients according to epidemiological variables and knowledge of their chronic kidney disease must precede the clinical assessment and educational intervention aimed at modifying lifestyles as part of primary health care. Objectives: to characterize diabetic patients from Santa Clara Polyclinic according to selected epidemiological variables as well as the comorbidity linked to chronic kidney disease. Methods: a descriptive exploratory study was carried out on diabetic patients belonged to the 16-11 doctor's office in Santa Clara Polyclinic from October 2019 to June 2022. The population was made up of 79 diabetic patients and 60 formed the sample according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical analysis techniques such as descriptive statistics, simple frequency analysis and the Chi- square independence test were used. Results: males, age group 55-59 years, type 2 diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure levels correlated with diabetes predominated. Besides, a low level of knowledge on chronic kidney diseases was identified. Conclusions: the obtained results confirm the relevance of this type of studies to raise the level of knowledge on the relationship between diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in order to contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of this population group through a previously oriented educational intervention.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Comorbidity , Kidney DiseasesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To assess the risk of aristolochic acid (AA)-associated cancer in patients with AA nephropathy (AAN).@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted on patients diagnosed with AAN at Peking University First Hospital from January 1997 to December 2014. Long-term surveillance and follow-up data were analyzed to investigate the influence of different factors on the prevalence of cancer. The primary endpoint was the incidence of liver cancer, and the secondary endpoint was the incidence of urinary cancer during 1 year after taking AA-containing medication to 2014.@*RESULTS@#A total of 337 patients diagnosed with AAN were included in this study. From the initiation of taking AA to the termination of follow-up, 39 patients were diagnosed with cancer. No cases of liver cancer were observed throughout the entire follow-up period, with urinary cancer being the predominant type (34/39, 87.17%). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, follow-up period, and diabetes were potential risk factors, however, the dosage of the drug was not significantly associated with urinary cancer.@*CONCLUSIONS@#No cases of liver cancer were observed at the end of follow-up. However, a high prevalence of urinary cancer was observed in AAN patients. Establishing a direct causality between AA and HCC is challenging.
Subject(s)
Humans , Retrospective Studies , Incidence , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology , Kidney Diseases/chemically induced , Aristolochic Acids/adverse effectsABSTRACT
A amiloidose renal familiar é uma doença incomum em cães, que afeta os rins e está associada ao acúmulo anormal de proteínas amiloides, com capacidade de promover danos orgânicos progressivos com comprometimento de funcionalidade. Caracterizada pela presença de conteúdo proteináceo glomerular, a amiloidose frequentemente está associada a quadros de falência renal, com presença de sinais clínicos variados, sendo uma condição grave e complexa. O presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever os achados clínico-laboratoriais, de imagem e histopatológicos de amiloidose familiar em dois cães da raça Shar-pei. Os animais apresentavam parentesco direto e evidenciavam sinais de cansaço, prostração e emagrecimento progressivo. As evidências clínico-laboratoriais e ultrassonográficas sugeriram a presença de glomerulonefropatia, sendo essa confirmada por exame histopatológico. Os dois cães, diante da gravidade do quadro, foram a óbito. A análise histopatológica evidenciou deposição de material proteináceo fibrilar na região glomerular e tubular, bem como infiltrado linfoplasmocítico, característicos de amiloidose renal. É essencial lembrar que a amiloidose renal familiar em cães é uma doença complexa e que as origens devem ser investigadas. O tratamento é desafiador, diante da inexistência de um manejo terapêutico definido para a doença, sendo este muitas vezes ineficaz. A empatia e o cuidado no manejo dessa condição podem ajudar a melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente e fornecer conforto ao proprietário durante esse processo desafiador.
Family renal amyloidosis is an uncommon disease in dogs, which affects the kidneys and is associated with abnormal accumulation of amyloid proteins, capable of promoting progressive organic damage with impairment of functionality. Characterized by the presence of glomerular proteinaceous content, amyloidosis is often associated with renal failure, with the presence of varied clinical signs, being a serious and complex condition. This article aims to describe the clinical, laboratory, imaging and histopathological findings of familial amyloidosis in two Shar-pei dogs. The animals were directly related and evidenced signs of tiredness, prostration and progressive weight loss. Clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic evidence suggested the presence of glomerulonephropathy, which was confirmed by histopathological examination. The two dogs, given the severity of the condition, died. Histopathological analysis showed deposition of fibrillar proteinaceous material in the glomerular and tubular region, as well as lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate, characteristic of renal amyloidosis. It is essential to remember that family renal amyloidosis in dogs is a complex disease and that the origins must be investigated. The treatment is challenging, given the lack of a defined therapeutic management for the disease, which is often ineffective. Empathy and care in managing this condition can help improve the patient's quality of life and provide comfort to the owner during this challenging process.
La amiloidosis renal familiar es una enfermedad poco común en perros, que afecta a los riñones y se asocia con la acumulación anormal de proteínas amiloides, con capacidad de promover daño orgánico progresivo con compromiso de la funcionalidad. Caracterizada por la presencia de contenido proteico glomerular, la amiloidosis suele asociarse a insuficiencia renal, con la presencia de signos clínicos variados, siendo una afección grave y compleja. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo describir los hallazgos clínico-laboratorios, imagenológicos e histopatológicos de la amiloidosis familiar en dos perros Sharpei. Los animales estaban directamente emparentados y presentaban signos de cansancio, postración y pérdida progresiva de peso. Los datos clínico-laboratorios y ecográficos sugirieron la presencia de glomerulonefropatía, la cual fue confirmada mediante examen histopatológico. Los dos perros, dada la gravedad del cuadro, fallecieron. El análisis histopatológico mostró depósito de material proteico fibrilar en la región glomerular y tubular, así como infiltrado linfoplasmocitario, característico de la amiloidosis renal. Es fundamental recordar que la amiloidosis renal familiar en perros es una enfermedad compleja y que es necesario investigar sus orígenes. El tratamiento es un desafío, dada la falta de un manejo terapéutico definido para la enfermedad, que muchas veces resulta ineficaz. La empatía y el cuidado en el manejo de esta afección pueden ayudar a mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente y brindar comodidad al propietario durante este desafiante proceso.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Amyloidogenic Proteins/analysis , Amyloidosis/veterinary , Kidney Diseases/veterinary , Kidney Glomerulus/pathologyABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of "non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT)" on periodontal and renal parameters in periodontitis patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. Material and Methods: The review protocol has been registered in Prospero (CRD42020150938). Up to November 2019, we searched the PUBMED database without language constraints. We included randomized controlled (parallel-group or cross-over) trials with CKD and chronic periodontitis in adults aged 18 years and above. Three review authors independently assessed the studies. Three review writers gathered data and simultaneously assessed the risk of bias for individual trials using traditional Cochrane procedures. Results: Studies showed high variability. Three randomized clinical trials (RCT) were excluded because of high heterogeneity; meta-analysis could not be performed. Conclusion: Non-surgical periodontal therapy effectively improves periodontal and renal parameters. However, a meta-analysis could not be performed because of the high heterogeneity among the studies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Periodontal Diseases/pathology , Chronic Periodontitis/diagnosis , Kidney DiseasesABSTRACT
A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é uma importante redução da função renal que causa alterações no metabolismo dos indivíduos. Para acompanhar a progressão da DRC e prevenir possíveis complicações, foi realizada uma pesquisa para avaliar o perfil sociodemográfico, bioquímico e hematológico de pacientes com Insuficiência Renal Crônica (IRC) submetidos a hemodiálise. Esta pesquisa foi quantitativa, descritiva e transversal de caráter retrospectivo, realizada por meio da análise de dados secundários contidos nos prontuários dos pacientes. A coleta de dados ocorreu no Centro de Hemodiálise da cidade de Russas, no Ceará. A amostra foi constituída por 161 pacientes com DRC, sendo 63,35% do sexo masculino e 85,71% pardos, com uma idade média de 54,39 anos. Desses, 63,97% tinham entre 2 e 10 anos de tratamento e 57,76% possuíam ensino fundamental incompleto. 19,25% residiam em Russas. Resultados: Após a hemodiálise, os resultados mostraram 44 mg/dL de Ureia, 48,44% dos pacientes com valores normais. A hemoglobina e hematócrito médios foram 11,8 g/dL e 33,7%, respectivamente, sendo que 63,35% tiveram valores reduzidos. 85,10% dos pacientes tiveram contagem de plaquetas normal, 72,04% níveis adequados de ferro e albumina, 52,79% tiveram níveis elevados de ferritina, 23,61% redução de transferrina e níveis lipídicos satisfatórios. 79,50% apresentaram níveis séricos de potássio dentro da normalidade, 12,42% de fósforo acima do normal, 85,09% de cálcio dentro dos valores normais, 39,13% de PTHi normais e 86,33% de glicose dentro dos valores considerados normais. Com base nos resultados, concluiu-se que todos os pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico apresentam diversas alterações em decorrência da DRC e do próprio processo de tratamento. Portanto, a realização de exames para avaliar ou monitorar possíveis complicações da IRC é essencial para criar estratégias e intervenções mais eficazes, que melhorem a assistência prestada a esses pacientes e, consequentemente, da qualidade e expectativa de vida dos mesmos.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an important reduction in kidney function that causes changes in the metabolism of individuals. To monitor the progression of CKD and prevent possible complications, a survey was carried out to assess the sociodemographic, biochemical and hematological profile of patients with Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) undergoing hemodialysis. This research was quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional with a retrospective character, carried out through the analysis of secondary data contained in the patients' medical records. Data collection took place at the Hemodialysis Center in the city of Russas, Ceará. The sample consisted of 161 patients with CKD, 63.35% male and 85.71% brown, with an average age of 54.39 years. Of these, 63.97% had between 2 and 10 years of treatment and 57.76% had incomplete primary education. 19.25% resided in Russas. Results: After hemodialysis, the results showed 44 mg/dL of Urea, 48.44% of patients with normal values. Average hemoglobin and hematocrit were 11.8 g/dL and 33.7%, respectively, with 63.35% having reduced values. 85.10% of the patients had normal platelet counts, 72.04% had adequate levels of iron and albumin, 52.79% had high levels of ferritin, 23.61% had reduced transferrin and satisfactory lipid levels. 79.50% had serum levels of potassium within the normal range, 12.42% of phosphorus above normal, 85.09% of calcium within normal values, 39.13% of PTHi normal and 86.33% of glucose within the values considered normal. Based on the results, it was concluded that all patients on hemodialysis have several changes due to CKD and the treatment process itself. Therefore, carrying out tests to assess or monitor possible complications of CRF is essential to create more effective strategies and interventions that improve the care provided to these patients and, consequently, their quality and life expectancy.
La Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) es una reducción importante de la función renal que provoca cambios en el metabolismo de los individuos. Para monitorizar la evolución de la ERC y prevenir posibles complicaciones, se realizó una encuesta para evaluar el perfil sociodemográfico, bioquímico y hematológico de los pacientes con Insuficiencia Renal Crónica (IRC) en hemodiálisis. Esta investigación fue cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal con carácter retrospectivo, realizada a través del análisis de datos secundarios contenidos en las historias clínicas de los pacientes. La recolección de datos ocurrió en el Centro de Hemodiálisis de la ciudad de Russas, Ceará. La muestra estuvo constituida por 161 pacientes con ERC, 63,35% del sexo masculino y 85,71% pardos, con una edad media de 54,39 años. De estos, 63,97% tenían entre 2 y 10 años de tratamiento y 57,76% tenían primaria incompleta. El 19,25% residía en Russas. Resultados: Posterior a la hemodiálisis los resultados arrojaron 44 mg/dL de Urea, 48,44% de los pacientes con valores normales. La hemoglobina y el hematocrito medios fueron 11,8 g/dl y 33,7 %, respectivamente, con un 63,35 % con valores reducidos. El 85,10% de los pacientes presentaba plaquetas normales, el 72,04% presentaba niveles adecuados de hierro y albúmina, el 52,79% presentaba niveles elevados de ferritina, el 23,61% presentaba transferrina reducida y niveles satisfactorios de lípidos. El 79,50% presentaba niveles séricos de potasio dentro de la normalidad, el 12,42% de fósforo por encima de lo normal, el 85,09% de calcio dentro de los valores normales, el 39,13% de PTHi normal y el 86,33% de glucosa dentro de los valores considerados normales. Con base en los resultados, se concluyó que todos los pacientes en hemodiálisis tienen varios cambios debido a la ERC y al propio proceso de tratamiento. Por tanto, la realización de pruebas para evaluar o monitorizar las posibles complicaciones de la IRC es fundamental para crear estrategias e intervenciones más eficaces que mejoren la atención a estos pacientes y, en consecuencia, su calidad y esperanza de vida.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Patients/statistics & numerical data , Health Profile , Renal Dialysis/statistics & numerical data , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology , Kidney Diseases/epidemiology , Serology , Biochemistry , Medical Records/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Creatinine , Data Analysis , HematologyABSTRACT
Introducción: La enfermedad periodontal es una infección inmunoinflamatoria crónica de origen multifactorial. Puede avanzar a nivel sistémico por el paso de bacterias y sus productos al torrente sanguíneo, lo cual constituye un factor de riesgo para alteraciones sistémicas. La revisión bibliográfica se realizó de julio 2022 hasta febrero 2023. Se utilizaron las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO y Elsevier y el motor de búsqueda Google Académico. Objetivos: Describir la relación de la enfermedad periodontal inflamatoria crónica con enfermedades sistémicas. Desarrollo: La medicina periodontal estudia la relación que existe entre las periodontopatías y enfermedades sistémicas, como las cardiovasculares, cerebrovasculares, pulmonares, la renal crónica, la artritis reumatoide y el Alzheimer. Las bacterias provenientes de las bolsas periodontales pasan hacia la circulación sanguínea, producen infección metastásica y daño metastásico, mediante la producción de endotoxinas, lipopolisacáridos e inflamación metastásica. Conclusiones: La enfermedad periodontal crónica constituye un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, pulmonares, renales, trastornos cerebrovasculares, artritis reumatoide y el Alzheimer debido a reacciones inflamatorias producidas por microorganismos patogénicos; se establece una relación bidireccional entre estas enfermedades y las periodontopatías(AU)
Introduction: Periodontal disease is a chronic immunoinflammatory infection of multifactorial origin. It can advance at a systemic level due to the passage of bacteria and their products into the bloodstream, which constitutes a risk factor for systemic alterations. The bibliographic review was carried out from July 2022 to February 2023. The PubMed, SciELO and Elsevier databases and the Google Scholar search engine were used. Objectives: Describe the relationship of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease with systemic diseases. Development: Periodontal medicine studies the relationship between periodontopathies and systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, pulmonary, chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's. Bacteria from periodontal pockets pass into the blood circulation, producing metastatic infection and metastatic damage, through the production of endotoxins, lipopolysaccharides and metastatic inflammation. Conclusions: Chronic periodontal disease constitutes a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal diseases, cerebrovascular disorders, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's due to inflammatory reactions produced by pathogenic microorganisms; A bidirectional relationship is established between these diseases and periodontopathies. The analysis of this relationship and the mechanisms by which it occurs guarantees the development of a more integrative care practice(AU)
Subject(s)
Periodontal Diseases , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Cerebrovascular Disorders , Risk Factors , Alzheimer Disease , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Kidney Diseases , Lung DiseasesABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN. La nefropatía por poliomavirus BK resulta un problema emergente en el trasplante renal, pues contribuye a la pérdida temprana de los injertos renales. OBJETIVO. Caracterizar clínicamente a los pacientes trasplantados renales con nefropatía por poliomavirus BK. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, realizado en el Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín en el período 2013-2022, se obtuvo una base de datos anonimizada, 479 pacientes trasplantados renales, de estos se identificaron 37 pacientes que corresponde a un 7,7% con nefropatía por poliomavirus BK, se realizó un análisis con el programa estadístico SPSS v26®. RESULTADOS. La población estuvo caracterizada por pacientes del sexo masculino (56,8%), con una edad media de 48,2 años, el donante cadavérico fue el más frecuente (94,5%), la mayor parte del tratamiento de la nefropatía por poliomavirus BK consistió en cambio de micofenolato sódico a everolimus y se mantuvo con 50% de Tacrolimus y Prednisona (40,5%); al valorar el cambio de los valores de creatinina, los niveles más elevados fueros a los 12 meses cuando la pérdida renal fue temprana (p: 0,042), y de la misma manera a los 12 meses, fueron más elevados los niveles de creatinina cuando el diagnóstico histopatológico fue Nefropatía por Poliomavirus Clase 3 (p: 0,01). DISCUSIÓN. La prevalencia de la nefropatía se mantuvo por debajo del 10% reportado a nivel global, la creatinina empeoró en pacientes con pérdida temprana del injerto renal y con una clase patológica avanzada, hecho reportado en la fisiopatología de la enfermedad. CONCLUSIÓN. La pérdida del injerto renal temprano presentó una creatinina más alta que la tardía. Es recomendable un tamizaje adecuado para la detección temprana del virus BK siendo crucial para prevenir el deterioro de la función renal y limitar la posterior pérdida del injerto.
INTRODUCTION: BK polyomavirus nephropathy is emerging as a significant concern in kidney transplantation, as it contributes to the early loss of renal grafts. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to clinically characterize renal transplant recipients with BK polyomavirus nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational and descriptive study was conducted at Carlos Andrade Marín Specialties Hospital during the period of 2013 to 2022. An anonymized database comprising 479 renal transplant patients was utilized. Among these, 37 patients, constituting 7.7%, were identified with BK polyomavirus nephropathy. Data analysis was performed using the statistical program SPSS v26®. RESULTS: The study population was predominantly composed of male patients (56.8%) with a mean age of 48.2 years. Deceased donors accounted for the majority (94.5%) of cases. The primary approach for managing BK polyomavirus nephropathy involved transitioning from mycophenolate sodium to everolimus, alongside maintaining a regimen of 50% tacrolimus and 40.5% prednisone. When assessing changes in creatinine values, the highest levels were observed at 12 months, coinciding with early renal loss (p: 0.042). Similarly, at the 12-month mark, elevated creatinine levels were associated with a histopathological diagnosis of Polyomavirus nephropathy Class 3 (p: 0.01). DISCUSSION: The prevalence of nephropathy remained below the globally reported threshold of 10%. Creatinine levels worsened in patients experiencing early graft loss and an advanced pathological classification, aligning with established disease pathophysiology. CONCLUSION: Early renal graft loss was associated with higher creatinine levels compared to delayed loss. Adequate screening for early detection of BK virus is recommended, as it plays a crucial role in preventing renal function deterioration and limiting subsequent graft loss.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Kidney Transplantation , BK Virus , Viral Load , Creatinine , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Immunosuppressive Agents , Tissue Donors , Polyomavirus , Ecuador , Kidney DiseasesABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: El absceso renal es infrecuente en pediatría, con clínica y laboratorio inespecíficos. Ante su sospecha, es necesario realizar imágenes para establecer diagnóstico. Objetivo: Describir las características clínico-epidemiológicas, microbiológicas, diagnósticas y terapéuticas de abscesos renales en pediatría. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, de pacientes internados con absceso renal, en seguimiento por Infectología del Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, durante 9 años. RESULTADOS: 15 pacientes (67% varones), mediana de edad 9 años (rango [r] 0,7-17). Cuatro pacientes con comorbilidades. El síntoma más frecuente fue fiebre seguido por dolor lumbar. El recuento medio de leucocitos en sangre fue de 15.700/mm3 (r: 7.100-45.000) y la PCR de 193 mg/L (r: 1-362). Cuatro pacientes presentaron urocultivo positivo: dos Escherichia coli, uno Klebsiella pneumoniae y E. coli y otro Candida albicans y K. pneumoniae. Ningún paciente presentó bacteriemia. El diagnóstico se confirmó por ecografía. Se realizó drenaje en siete pacientes, con aislamiento de Staphylococcus aureus en dos y Pseudomonas aeruginosa en uno. El tratamiento incluyó terapia combinada en 67%. Mediana de antibioterapia intravenosa fue 16 días (r: 7-49), total de 28 (r: 14-91). Un paciente requirió terapia intensiva y dos, nefrectomía. CONCLUSIÓN: Los abscesos renales son infrecuentes, con gran morbimortalidad. Sospechar en paciente con infección del tracto urinario (ITU) de evolución tórpida que persiste febril. En nuestro estudio, la alta sensibilidad de la ecografía renal permitió su diagnóstico precoz.
BACKGROUND: Renal abscesses are infrequent in pediatrics, with nonspecific clinical and laboratory findings. When suspected, imaging is essential to establish the diagnosis. Aim: To describe the clinical-epidemiological, microbiological, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of renal abscesses in pediatrics. METHODS: Retrospective and descriptive study of hospitalized patients with renal abscess, followed by Infectious Diseases Department of Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital during 9 years. Statistical analysis: Epi Info 7.2.2.6. RESULTS: 15 patients (67% male), median age 9 years (range [r] 0.7-17) were included. Four patients had underlying disease. The most frequent symptom was fever, with a median duration of 10 days (r:1-36), followed by lumbar pain. The median white blood cell count was 15,700/mm3 (r: 7,100-45,000) and CRP 193mg/L (r: 1-362). Four patients presented positive urine culture: 2 Escherichia coli, 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli and 1 Candida albicans and K. pneumoniae. No patient had bacteremia. The diagnosis of abscess was confirmed by ultrasound. Surgical drainage was performed in 7 patients, with isolation of Staphylococcus aureus in 2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 1. Empirical treatment included 3rd generation cephalosporin, combined in 67% of cases. The median of intravenous antibiotic therapy was 16 days (r: 7-49) with a total of 28 days (r:14-91). One patient required transfer to intensive care unit and 2 nephrectomy. CONCLUSION: Renal abscesses are infrecuent in pediatrics, but they present significant morbidity and mortality. It should be suspected in patients with urinary tract infection (UTI)with torpid evolution that persists with fever without antibiotic response. In our study, the high sensitivity of renal ultrasound allowed early diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Abscess/epidemiology , Kidney Diseases/epidemiology , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Urinary Tract Infections , Urine/microbiology , Drainage , Retrospective Studies , Abscess/diagnosis , Abscess/microbiology , Abscess/therapy , Hospitals, Pediatric , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Kidney Diseases/microbiology , Kidney Diseases/therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
La evaluación de la función renal se realiza habitualmente a través de la estimación de la tasa de filtración glomerular y el análisis de la orina. La evaluación morfológica renal a través de una imagen permite complementar esta información. Sin embargo, muchas de las aplicaciones de las técnicas actuales de imágenes son desconocidas por los médicos clínicos. Además, la comunicación entre médicos clínicos y especialistas en imágenes es menos usual de lo deseable. En esta revisión describiremos los métodos de imagen más frecuentemente utilizados para la evaluación de la función renal y otras situaciones clínicas nefrológicas, además de analizar los avances más significativos, particularmente en ultrasonografía y resonancia magnética, para la pesquisa precoz y seguimiento del daño renal.
The evaluation of kidney function is usually performed through the estimation of the glomerular filtration rate and urine analysis. The evaluation of the kidney morphology through an image complements and enriches this information. However, many of the applications of current imaging techniques are unknown to clinicians. In addition, communication between clinicians and imaging specialists is less common than desirable. In this review, we will describe the imaging methods most frequently used for evaluating kidney function and other clinical situations, in addition to analyzing the most significant advances, particularly in ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, for the early detection and follow-up of kidney damage.
Subject(s)
Humans , Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology , Kidney/physiology , Kidney/diagnostic imaging , Kidney Diseases/physiopathology , Kidney Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Ultrasonography , Kidney Function Tests/methodsABSTRACT
Antecedentes: La primera nefrectomía laparoscópica en pediatría fue realizada por el Dr. Martin Koyle en un niño de 8 meses con displasia renal multiquística. En la actualidad este procedimiento es aceptado como estándar de oro para realizar cualquier nefrectomía en patología renal benigna en adultos o niños, ya que permite una mejor exposición anatómica y mejor control vascular con una estancia más corta, menor uso de analgésicos y mejor resultado estético. Descripción de los casos clínicos: se presenta una serie de casos de nefrectomía laparoscópica comprendidas desde agosto 2001 a agosto de 2019 realizadas en el Hospital de Especialidades del Instituto Hondureño del Seguro Social localizado en el Barrio La Granja de Tegucigalpa, incluyendo en forma consecutiva todos los pacientes que ameritaron una nefrectomía programada en riñón no funcional por patología renal benigna. Durante ese período se diagnosticaron 12 displasias renales, 9 hidronefrosis obstructivas, 2 nefropatías por reflujo y 2 riñones ectópicos, de los cuales 23 fueron diagnósticos prenatales y 2 posnatales, una infección urinaria y una hipertensión. Se realizó un total de 25 nefrectomías laparoscópicas de forma segura y exitosa sin ninguna conversión a cirugía abierta ni morbilidades. Todos los pacientes iniciaron la vía oral a las 6 horas postoperatorias y fueron dados de alta antes de completar las 24 horas intrahospitalarias. Conclusiones: La nefrectomía laparoscópica es un procedimiento seguro y exitoso en pediatría, aun cuando el tiempo operatorio es más prolongado, permite en forma más temprana el inicio de la vía oral alta precoz con resultados estéticos superiores...(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Laparoscopy , Nephrectomy/methods , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Kidney DiseasesABSTRACT
La enfermedad renal diabética (ERD) es una comorbilidad con alta prevalencia a nivel mundial, siendo una de las complicaciones más frecuentes de la diabetes mellitus (DM). La ERD se relaciona con complicaciones cardiovasculares y progresión de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), por ello la identificación de factores modificables, como el control de la presión arterial, es uno de los pilares más importantes en el manejo integral. En esta revisión hacemos un recorrido sobre el papel de la hipertensión y el bloqueo del eje renina angiotensina aldosterona (RAAS) en el curso de la ERD y las estrategias terapéuticas orientadas a la reducción de la presión arterial (PA), el bloqueo RAAS y el impacto en resultados renales y cardiovasculares. El objetivo de este artículo es hacer una revisión de las intervenciones más importantes que actúan bloqueando el eje renina angiotensina aldosterona (RAAS) y determinar si estas medidas en los pacientes con ERD, solo tienen impacto en el control de la presión arterial o si también son estrategias de nefro y cardio-protección. Conclusión: La ERD es una de las complicaciones más frecuentes de la diabetes mellitus (DM). El control de la PA sigue siendo un pilar fundamental para lograr estos objetivos. Los bloqueadores del RAAS (iECAS y BRAs) son los antihipertensivos de elección con efecto terapéutico por el bloqueo RAAS y esto les permite tener además del control de la PA, efectos nefroprotectores y cardioprotectores importantes en pacientes con ERD, sobre todo cuando hay la presencia de albuminuria. Evaluamos que además de los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (iECAs) y los bloqueadores del receptor de angiotensina (BRAs), vienen tomando importancia los antagonistas selectivos del receptor mineralocorticoide (ARM) como Finerenona.
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a comorbidity with a high worldwide prevalence, and one of the most frequent complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). CKD is related to cardiovascular complications and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), therefore the identification of modifiable factors, such as blood pressure control, is one of the most important pillars in comprehensive management. In this review, we will analyze the role of hypertension and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and its suppression in the course of CKD, and therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing blood pressure (BP), RAAS blockade, and the impact on renal and cardiovascular outcomes. The objective of this article is to review the most important interventions that act by blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and to determine if these measures in patients with CKD only have an impact on blood pressure control or if they are also nephron and cardio-protective strategies. Conclusion: DKD is one of the most frequent complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). BP control continues to be a fundamental pillar to achieve these objectives. RAAS blockers (iECAS and ARBs) are the first-line antihypertensive with a therapeutic effect due to RAAS blockade and this allows them to have, in addition to BP control, important nephroprotective and cardioprotective effects in patients with CKD, especially when there is albuminuria. We evaluated that in addition to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) such as Finerenone are gaining importance.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Hypertension , Angiotensins , Receptors, Angiotensin , Renin , Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists , Kidney DiseasesABSTRACT
Introducción: La diabetes mellitus (DM) es una enfermedad crónica inflamatoria muy frecuente y por ende una de las emergencias sanitarias mundiales de más rápido crecimiento en las últimas décadas. Hay tres ejes que impactan en la progresión del compromiso renal del paciente diabético. El eje hemodinámico, metabólico e inflamatorio. Resaltamos la importancia del componente inflamatorio como actor protagónico en el desarrollo de la Enfermedad renal diabética (ERD). El manejo del paciente con ERD debe ser holístico, con tres objetivos claros: buen control metabólico, disminuir progresión de la enfermedad renal y disminuir los desenlaces cardiovasculares adversos. Actualmente además de las intervenciones no farmacológicas, el control de los factores de riesgo, el uso de los IECAS/ARA II hay nuevos pilares en el tratamiento de la ERD. Objetivos: El objetivo de esta comunicación es revisar los nuevos pilares en el manejo de la ERD. En la revisión bibliográfica que se hizo, encontramos que hay tres nuevos pilares en el tratamiento. Los inhibidores SGLT-2, los agonistas del receptor GLP-1 y por último finerenona, que es un antagonista selectivo no esteroideo del receptor mineralocorticoide (ARM), no es un antidiabético. Con estas nuevas terapias el manejo actual de estos pacientes ha cambiado considerablemente. Conclusión: Hay nuevos pilares en el tratamiento de la ERD. Los inhibidores SGLT-2, los Agonistas del receptor GLP-1 y el uso de ARM como finerenona, que nos brindan beneficios cardiorenales y que hacen que hoy en día el tratamiento de la ERD tenga un mejor panorama.
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a very common chronic inflammatory disease and finally one of the fastest-growing global health emergencies in recent decades. Three axes impact the progression of renal compromise in diabetic patients. The hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory axis. We highlight the importance of the inflammatory component as a leading actor in developing Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). The management of the patient with CKD must be holistic, with three clear objectives: reasonable metabolic control, slowing the progression of kidney disease, and reducing adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Currently, in addition to non-pharmacological interventions, the control of risk factors, and the use of ACE inhibitors/ARA II, there are new pillars in the treatment of CKD. Objectives: The objective of this communication is to review the new pillars in the management of DKD. In the bibliographic review that was carried out, we found that there are three new pillars in the treatment. SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and finally finerenone, which is a selective non-steroidal antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MRA), not an antidiabetic. With these new therapies, the current management of these patients has changed considerably. Conclusion: There are new pillars in the treatment of DKD. The SGLT-2 inhibitors, the GLP-1 receptor agonists, and the use of MRAs such as finerenone provide us with cardio-renal benefits and which today make the treatment of CKD have a better outlook.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Therapeutics , Kidney DiseasesABSTRACT
SUMMARY: One of the reasons for acute kidney damage is renal ischemia. Nevertheless, there are limited protective and therapeutic approaches for this problem. Diacerein is an anti-inflammatory drug characterized by numerous biological activities. We aimed to determine the ameliorative impact of diacerein on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) condition, exploring the underlying mechanisms. Twenty-four male rats were allotted into four groups (n= 6): sham group; Diacerein (DIA) group; I/R group, in which a non-crushing clamp occluded the left renal pedicle for 45 min, and the right kidney was nephrectomized for 5 min before the reperfusion process; I/R + diacerein group, injected intraperitoneally with 50 mg diacerein/kg i.m 30 minutes prior to I/R operation. Ischemia/ reperfusion was found to affect renal function and induce histopathological alterations. The flow cytometry analysis demonstrated an elevated expression of innate and mature dendritic cells in I/R renal tissues. Moreover, upregulation in the expression of the inflammatory genes (TLR4, Myd88, and NLRP3), and overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β), apoptotic (caspase-3) and pyroptotic (caspase-1) markers were observed in I/R-experienced animals. The aforementioned deteriorations were mitigated by pre-I/R diacerein treatment. Diacerein alleviated I/R-induced inflammation and apoptosis. Thus, it could be a promising protective agent against I/R.
La isquemia renal es una de los motivos del daño renal agudo. Sin embargo, los enfoques protectores y terapéuticos para este problema son limitados. La diacereína es un fármaco antiinflamatorio caracterizado por numerosas actividades biológicas. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar el impacto de mejora de la diacereína en la condición de lesión por isquemia/ reperfusión renal (I/R), explorando los mecanismos subyacentes. Veinticuatro ratas macho se distribuyeron en cuatro grupos (n= 6): grupo simulado; grupo de diacereína (DIA); grupo I/R, en el que una pinza no aplastante ocluyó el pedículo renal izquierdo durante 45 min, y el riñón derecho fue nefrectomizado durante 5 min antes del proceso de reperfusión; Grupo I/R + diacereína, inyectado por vía intraperitoneal con 50 mg de diacereína/kg i.m. 30 min antes de la operación I/R. Se encontró que la isquemia/ reperfusión afecta la función renal e induce alteraciones histopatológicas. El análisis de citometría de flujo demostró una expresión elevada de células dendríticas innatas y maduras en tejidos renales I/R. Además, se observó una regulación positiva en la expresión de los genes inflamatorios (TLR4, Myd88 y NLRP3) y una sobreexpresión de las citoquinas proinflamatorias (IL-1β), marcadores apoptóticos (caspasa-3) y piroptóticos (caspasa-1) en animales con experiencia en I/R. Los deterioros antes mencionados fueron mitigados por el tratamiento previo a la diacereína I/R. La diacereína alivió la inflamación y la apoptosis inducidas por I/R. Por lo tanto, podría ser un agente protector prometedor contra I/R.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy , Anthraquinones/administration & dosage , Kidney Diseases/drug therapy , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Dendritic Cells/drug effects , Reperfusion Injury/immunology , Signal Transduction , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Anthraquinones/immunology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Oxidative Stress , Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism , Interleukin-1beta/metabolism , Flow Cytometry , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism , Inflammation , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Kidney Diseases/immunologyABSTRACT
Introducción: El síndrome nefrótico es una patología que afecta el complejo glomerular del riñón, se caracteriza por una proteinuria mayor 3500 mg/d. De acuerdo a la respuesta de los esteroides se puede clasificar en síndrome nefrótico en esteroide resistente o esteroide sensible. Objetivo: Determinar la relación que existe entre la proteinuria y las variantes del síndrome nefrótico en adultos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, tipo serie de casos, con una población de 28 pacientes. Se recolectaron y se procesaron los datos a través del software Epi-Info 7,2TM; la frecuencia simple, la media estadística, prueba t de Student, y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: En el análisis combinatorio de los fármacos adyuvantes para síndrome nefrótico, el grupo que utilizó antiproteinúricos pero no estatinas, demostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la proteinuria postratamiento media del grupo de síndrome nefrótico esteroideo resistente (6202 mg/d) vs síndrome nefrótico esteroideo sensible (65,9 mg/d) (valor de p 0,418). Existe una correlación negativa entre los niveles proteinuria postratamiento y el nivel de albúmina sérica postratamiento (r = - 0,7 valor de p < 0,00001). Conclusiones: Se demostró la ausencia de asociación entre la proteinuria inicial y las variantes de síndrome nefrótico esteroide sensible y esteroide resistente (valor de p = 0,8)(AU)
Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome is a pathology that affects the glomerular complex of the kidney, characterized by proteinuria greater than 3500 mg/d. According to the response to steroids, nephrotic syndrome can be classified as steroid-resistant or steroid-sensitive. Objective: To determine the relationship between proteinuria and the variants of the nephrotic syndrome in adults. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, case series type study was carried out with a population of 28 patients. The data was collected and processed through Epi-Info 7.2TM software; simple frequency, statistical mean, student's t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The statistically significant difference was obtained in the antiproteinuric and non-statin group, between the mean post-treatment proteinuria of the steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome group (6202 mg/d) in comparison to steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (65.9 mg/d) (p value 0.0418). There is negative correlation between post-treatment proteinuria levels and post-treatment serum albumin level (r= -0.7 p value <0.00001). Conclusions: The absence of association between initial proteinuria and steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant variants of nephrotic syndrome was demonstrated (p value=0.8)(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Proteinuria , Steroids , Albuminuria , Kidney Diseases/epidemiology , Nephrotic Syndrome/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The frequency of glomerular diseases is dynamic and varies according to geographic area. AIM: To evaluate the frequency of primary and secondary glomerulopathies, their demographic profile and main clinical characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Renal biopsies from native kidneys performed between 1999 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, most relevant laboratory tests, frequency of primary and secondary glomerulopathies were analyzed. RESULTS: We analyzed 550 kidney biopsies from patients with a median age of 48 years (64% females). Nephrotic syndrome was the main indication for renal biopsy. Primary and secondary glomerulopathies occurred with similar frequency. Within the primary glomerulopathies, membranous nephropathy (34.1%) was the most common, followed by IgA nephropathy (31.1%) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (14.1%). Among the secondary glomerulopathies, lupus nephropathy was the most common (41.7%), followed by pauciimmune glomerulonephritis (27.1%) and diabetic nephropathy (6.4%). When comparing the results with other regions, significant differences were observed with reported frequencies in United States, Europe, Asia and the rest of Latin America. CONCLUSIONS: The most common primary glomerulopathies were membranous nephropathy and IgA nephropathy. Among the secondary glomerulopathies lupus nephropathy and pauci-immune glomerulonephritis were the most common. Compared to international registries, we observed a high proportion of membranous nephropathy and pauci-immune glomerulonephritis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/pathology , Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/epidemiology , Glomerulonephritis, IGA/pathology , Glomerulonephritis, IGA/epidemiology , Biopsy , Retrospective Studies , Kidney/pathology , Kidney Diseases/etiology , Kidney Diseases/pathology , Kidney Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#We propose a novel region- level self-supervised contrastive learning method USRegCon (ultrastructural region contrast) based on the semantic similarity of ultrastructures to improve the performance of the model for glomerular ultrastructure segmentation on electron microscope images.@*METHODS@#USRegCon used a large amount of unlabeled data for pre- training of the model in 3 steps: (1) The model encoded and decoded the ultrastructural information in the image and adaptively divided the image into multiple regions based on the semantic similarity of the ultrastructures; (2) Based on the divided regions, the first-order grayscale region representations and deep semantic region representations of each region were extracted by region pooling operation; (3) For the first-order grayscale region representations, a grayscale loss function was proposed to minimize the grayscale difference within regions and maximize the difference between regions. For deep semantic region representations, a semantic loss function was introduced to maximize the similarity of positive region pairs and the difference of negative region pairs in the representation space. These two loss functions were jointly used for pre-training of the model.@*RESULTS@#In the segmentation task for 3 ultrastructures of the glomerular filtration barrier based on the private dataset GlomEM, USRegCon achieved promising segmentation results for basement membrane, endothelial cells, and podocytes, with Dice coefficients of (85.69 ± 0.13)%, (74.59 ± 0.13)%, and (78.57 ± 0.16)%, respectively, demonstrating a good performance of the model superior to many existing image-level, pixel-level, and region-level self-supervised contrastive learning methods and close to the fully- supervised pre-training method based on the large- scale labeled dataset ImageNet.@*CONCLUSION@#USRegCon facilitates the model to learn beneficial region representations from large amounts of unlabeled data to overcome the scarcity of labeled data and improves the deep model performance for glomerular ultrastructure recognition and boundary segmentation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Electrons , Endothelial Cells , Learning , Podocytes , Kidney DiseasesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the therapeutic effect of governor vessel moxibustion combined with wenyang yiqi qiwei decoction on erectile dysfunction (ED) with spleen-kidney deficiency and to explore the possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#A total of 130 ED patients with spleen-kidney deficiency were randomized into an observation group (65 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (65 cases, 3 cases dropped off). The control group was given wenyang yiqi qiwei decoction orally, one dose daily. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, governor vessel moxibustion was applied from Dazhui (GV 14) to Yaoshu (GV 2) in the observation group, 110 min a time, once a day. The treatment of 4 weeks was required in both groups. Before and after treatment, 5-question international index of erectile function (IIEF-5) score, erection quality scale (EQS) score, erectile hardness assessment (EHS) score, TCM syndrome score, serum testosterone (T) level and vascular endothelial function indexes (prostaglandin I2 [PGI2], endothelin-1 [ET-1] and nitric oxide [NO] levels) were observed respectively, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated in both groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the scores of IIEF-5, EQS, EHS and serum levels of T, PGI2, NO were increased compared before treatment (P<0.01), the TCM syndrome scores and serum ET-1 levels were decreased compared before treatment (P<0.01) in the two groups; the scores of IIEF-5, EQS, EHS and serum levels of T, PGI2, NO in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05), the TCM syndrome score and serum ET-1 level were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The total effective rate was 88.9% (56/63) in the observation group, which was superior to 74.2% (46/62) in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Governor vessel moxibustion combined with wenyang yiqi qiwei decoction can improve the erectile function and increase the erection hardness and quality in ED patients with spleen-kidney deficiency, its mechanism may relate to improving serum T level and vascular endothelial function.