ABSTRACT
La infección por T oxocara canis o catis es una zoonosis diseminada en el ser humano. La toxocariasis puede coexistir con otras parasitosis endémicas. El hombre actúa como huésped no natural y adquiere la infección a través de la ingesta de huevos del geohelminto. Estos pueden localizarse en la tierra, los patios y los juegos de los niños, y son eliminados, principalmente, por perros o gatos. Existen distintos espectros en la presentación clínica; algunos de ellos son toxocariasis ocular, larva migrans visceral, toxocariasis encubierta y neurotoxocariasis. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 2 años y 3 meses de edad, con antecedente de síntomas respiratorios, fiebre prolongada y hepatomegalia, con resultados de laboratorio que informa hipereosinofilia, hipergammaglobulinemia y serología positiva para toxocariasis (ensayo por inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas). Se plantea el diagnóstico de síndrome de larva migrans visceral.
Toxocariasis canis or catis is a zoonotic infection disseminated in humans. Human beings can act as non-natural hosts in which the parasite can survive for long periods of time and they become infected by the ingestion of geohelminth eggs. These can be located on the ground, playgrounds and children's games, and are mostly eliminated by dogs or cats. There are different spectra in the clinical presentation of this infection, which can vary from an asymptomatic host to the production of serious organic lesions; some of them are ocular toxocariasis, visceral larva migrans, covert toxocariasis and neurotoxocariasis. In this case report a patient who presents with a history of respiratory problems, prolonged fever, and hepatomegaly. Laboratory analyses show hypereosinophilia, hypergammaglobulinemia and serodiagnosis is positive for toxocariasis. Preliminary diagnosis: Visceral Larva Migrans Syndrome.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Larva Migrans, Visceral/diagnosis , Zoonoses/diagnosis , Liver Abscess/parasitology , Larva Migrans, Visceral/parasitology , Zoonoses/parasitology , Hepatomegaly/parasitologyABSTRACT
Clonorchiasis is caused by a chronic infestation of liver flukes, Clonorchis sinensis, and these reside mainly in the medium- and small-sized intrahepatic bile ducts. Therefore, diffuse, uniform, minimal or mild dilatation of these bile ducts, particularly in the periphery, without dilatation of the extrahepatic bile duct is the typical finding on several imaging modalities. We report here on the CT findings of an unusual case of hepatic parasitic abscess that was caused by clonorchiasis; this malady mimicked cholangiocarcinoma, and there was no dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts.
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Male , Humans , Animals , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Liver Abscess/parasitology , Diagnosis, Differential , Clonorchiasis/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Infestation with Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) is very common in the tropics and subtropics. Patients with ascariasis can be asymptomatic or may present with different clinical features in the form of simple nausea, decreased appetite, abdominal pain or more severe bowel obstruction, perforation, intussusception, biliary colic etc. Ultrasonography (USG) can be quick, safe, noninvasive and relatively inexpensive tool in diagnosing the presence of worms and also evaluating response to treatment (1, 2, and 3). Here we present four cases of roundworm infestation presenting with acute abdomen in the emergency department, which were diagnosed by USG and further imaging features of ascariasis on USG is described.
Subject(s)
Abdomen, Acute/parasitology , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Ascariasis/complications , Ascaris lumbricoides , Bile Duct Diseases/parasitology , Cholecystitis, Acute/parasitology , Female , Humans , Intestinal Diseases/parasitology , Liver Abscess/parasitology , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Background: The non invasive diagnosis of amebic liver abscess allows the use of empirical therapy without the requirement of invasive diagnostic procedures. Aim: To determine the discriminatory capacity of clinical, laboratory and ultrasound studies for the etiological diagnosis of liver abscess. Patients and methods: Sixty one patients were initially included in this prospective study, but 12 did not comply with the inclusion criteria. Of the rest, 29 (59%) had an amebic liver abscess, 16 (33%) had a pyogenic liver abscess and four (8%) had an abscess of mixed etiology. Blood cultures were done in 42 patients. Ultrasound guided needle aspiration was done in 7 patients with amebic liver abscess and 13 patients with non amebic liver abscess. Results: The clinical picture and ultrasound fndings were similar in all types of amebic abscess. ELISA test for IgG anti-Entamoeba histolytica antibodies were positive in 100% of patients with amebic liver abscess. Antibodies measured by gel diffusion were positive in 93%. All patients with mixed liver abscess had positive antibodies and some of them positive culture. Blood cultures were positive for anaerobic bacteria in five patients. Cultures of aspirated material were positive in 7 patients (obligate anaerobic bacteria in 3 and facultative anaerobic bacteria in the rest). The most common complications, whatever the etiology, were right pleural effusion and systemic inflammatory response. Conclusions: A final model of binomial regression analysis revealed that age under 40 years, an hematocrit greater than 35% and an elevation in prothrombin time of less than 1.5 seconds had enough discriminatory capacity for the diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess (Rev Méd Chile 2003; 131: 1411-20).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Liver Abscess/diagnosis , Age Factors , Epidemiologic Studies , Hematocrit , Liver Abscess, Amebic/diagnosis , Liver Abscess/parasitology , Prothrombin Time , ROC Curve , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Introducción: Entamoeba histolytica es un parásito de distribución mundial. Se estima que el parásito infecta alrededor de 500 millones de personas anualmente y que de ellos 110.000 mueren por complicaciones causadas por. E. histolytica. Las personas infectadas por el parásito se pueden dividir en dos poblaciones diferentes de acuerdo a sus manifestaciones clínicas. En la primera son asintomáticos y está conformada por un 90 por ciento y en la segunda son los sintomáticos representada con un 10 por ciento que manifiestan la enfermedad principalmente como disentería amebiana y como amebiasis extra-intestinal. Objetivo: establecer la capacidad discriminatoria de la clínica, de laboratorio e imagenología en la etiología del absceso hepático. Metodología: estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, abierto, de evaluación clínica y de tecnologías diagnósticas para diferenciar etiología. Resultados: se evaluaron 61 pacientes (durante 46 meses), y se excluyeron 12. Se encontraron 29 casos de AHA (59 por ciento), 16 casos de AHNA (33 por ciento) y 4 mixtos (8 por ciento). Promedio de edad para AHA fue 36 y 45 para AHNA, la relación hombre.-mujer fue 24/5 y 11/5 respectivamente. No se diferencia la etiología por cuadro clínico, examen físico, imagenología o laboratorios (CH, VSG, función hepática) excepto por la mayor prolongación del PT en caso de AHNA. En caso de AHA las pruebas de ELISA fueron positivas en 100 por ciento, las de 10 en 93 por ciento y en el Inmunoblot el orden de frecuencia de las bandas fue: 38 kDa (93 por ciento), 42 kDa (90 por ciento), 80 kDa (86 por ciento), 116 kDa (76 por ciento), 50 kDa (24 por ciento), 97 kDa (17 por ciento), 22.5 kDa (14 por ciento), 45 kDa (10 por ciento), 31 kDa (3 por ciento). Las pruebas de ELISA e ID fueron positivas en todos los pacientes con absceso hepático mixto y en el Inmunoblot el orden de frecuencia de las bandas fue: 80 y 38 kDa (100 por ciento), 42 kDa (75 por ciento), 11 kDa (50 por ciento), 50 y 22.5 kDa (25 por ciento)...
Subject(s)
Liver Abscess/diagnosis , Liver Abscess/immunology , Liver Abscess/parasitology , Liver Abscess , Liver AbscessABSTRACT
The association between pyogenic liver abscesses and schistosomiasis has been confirmed by clinical and experimental studies. In this retrospective study of 78 patients with pyogenic liver abscesses the association with schistosomiasis has been investigated. Pyodermitis, a known focus of bacteremia, was observed in 19 patients (24 percent). Blood eosinophilia was observed in 30 patients (39 percent). Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from abscesses in 17 out of 38 patients (45 percent). Forty-one out of 57 patients (53 percent) had stool examination. Schistosoma mansoni was the main parasite identified. Eggs of S. mansoni were also identified in liver biopsies in 7 out of 19 patients who did the exam. The large number of young patients with liver abscesses described here is different from what has been observed in developed countries. This clinical study provide support for the concept that granulomas of S. mansoni in the liver are foci for colonization with S. aureus, which in presence of staphylococcal bacteremia can form liver abscesses
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Liver Abscess/parasitology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/complications , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Brazil , Liver Abscess/diagnosis , Liver Abscess/microbiology , Liver Abscess/therapy , Liver/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Schistosoma mansoni/isolation & purification , Schistosomiasis mansoni/diagnosis , Schistosomiasis mansoni/therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Objetivo: realizar una revisión de la literatura colombiana desde finales del siglo XIX y durante todo el siglo XX con el fin de encontrar los avances para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del absceso hepático amebiano (AHA). Fuente de datos: se inició la búsqueda de la literatura médica colombiana desde el primer trimestre de 1995, cuando se fundó la línea de profundización "Absceso Hepático". Se ha venido haciendo un proceso de búsqueda retrospectiva, al revisar sistemáticamente la bibliografía de cada artículo colombiano encontrado. El inició de éste se hizo con las publicaciones de autores de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, con series de casos del Hospital San Juan de Dios. En el momento de decidir la construcción de este artículo se continuó la búsqueda en diferentes bibliotecas de Bogotá, encontrando varios volúmenes de los Índices Médicos Colombianos publicados por Ascofame entre 1963 y 1970, y en particular el "Índice de la Literatura Médica Colombiana 1890-1960". Selección de estudios: se estudiaron alrededor de 60 publicaciones colombianas, complementadas con extranjeras. Extracción de datos: los artículos se clasificaron de acuerdo con sus objetivos y estrategias de ejecución así: artículos de revisión, informes de series de casos, reporte de caso, presentaciones en Congresos de Medicina Interna. Síntesis de datos: se inició un análisis cronológico y comparativo de la evolución del comportamiento epidemiológico, clínico, las complicaciones, las pruebas de laboratorio, las imágenes diagnósticas, el tratamiento y el pronóstico del AHA. Conclusión: la comprensión de la presentación clínica diversa del AHA, los avances en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento y por ende en el pronóstico deben ser apropiados por los diferentes actores del equipo de salud coordinado por el médico tratante.
Subject(s)
Liver Abscess/surgery , Liver Abscess/complications , Liver Abscess/diagnosis , Liver Abscess/epidemiology , Liver Abscess/etiology , Liver Abscess/physiopathology , Liver Abscess/history , Liver Abscess/parasitology , Liver Abscess , Liver Abscess/therapy , ColombiaABSTRACT
In hospital-based series viral hepatitis B has been frequently described in association with schistosomiasis whilst in field-based studies the association has not been confirmed. The association between schistosomiasis and Salmonella bacteraemia has been well documented. More recently, acute schistosomiasis has been shown to be a facilitating factor in the genesis of pyogenic liver abscesses caused by Staphylococcus aureus. New evidences indicate an interaction between the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and schistosomiasis. In this paper, data on the association of schistosomiasis with other infections are updated.
Subject(s)
Humans , Liver Abscess/parasitology , Salmonella Infections , Schistosomiasis/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/parasitology , Staphylococcal Infections , Staphylococcus aureusABSTRACT
A possible association of the acute toxemic form of schistosomiasis and pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) has been recently suggested. As in the west of the Espírito Santo state schistosomiasis is endemic and PLA are frequently diagnosed in the Children's Hospital of Vitória we reviewed the records of the Hospital during the period from May 1991 to April 1993 to: a) identify all cases of PLA in which Schistosoma mansoni infection was present and b) annotate the procedence of each case to verify if there is an association of the two diseases. 65 cases of PLA were recorded and 39 had the result of a stool examination, being three positive for Schistosoma mansoni (7.6 per cent) and 26 for other helminth (mainly Ascaris and Trichocephalus). The procedence of the patients showed that only 7 (10.7 per cent) came from endemic areas. These results show that an association of Schistosoma mansoni infection and PLA was not significative in the country, where the acute toxemic form is not frequent. The great majority of PLA in this study came from the urban periphery of Vitória, where transmission of schistosomiasis does not occur but intestinal helminth infections are extremely frequent. The great majority of PLA in this study came from the urban periphery of Vitória, where transmission of schistosomiasis does not occur but intestinal helminth infections are extremely frequent. As 40 per cent of these PLA were cryptogenetic it is possible that the immunomodulation induced by intestinal parasites and the liver granulomas produced by the larvae of these helminths would be predisposing factors for pyogenic liver abscess.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Child , Liver Abscess/epidemiology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiology , Liver Abscess/etiology , Liver Abscess/microbiology , Liver Abscess/parasitology , Bacteremia/microbiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Feces/parasitology , Incidence , Schistosoma mansoni/isolation & purification , Schistosomiasis mansoni/complications , Schistosomiasis mansoni/microbiology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/parasitology , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Se presentna 2 casos de localizaciones poco frecuentes del Ascaris lumbricoides, uno en la vía biliar principal operado con el diagnóstico de litiasis vesicular y comprobada presencia de los mismos en el transoperatorio, y en el otro caso se muestra un absceso hepático y subfrénico producido por estos helmintos
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Humans , Female , Liver Abscess/parasitology , Ascaris/parasitology , Gallbladder Diseases/parasitology , Subphrenic Abscess/parasitology , Ascaris/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
La Fasciola hepática es un tremátodo que infesta accidentalmente al ser humano cuando éste ingiere plantas acuáticas y aguas contaminadas por el parásito. A pesar de que su localización natural en el hombre son las vías biliares, son poco frecuentes las manifestaciones clínicas de colangitis y pancreatitis agudas. En algunos países, el ganado ovino y bovino está infestado entre el 10 y el 90% por lo que se han producido brotes epidémicos de fascioliasis controlados adecuadamente. En nuestro país se han informado 16 casos de fascioliasis coledociana desde 1955 en que se comunicó el primer caso. La rareza de la entidad y la ausencia de manifestaciones clínicas características de la parasitosis hacen que el diagnóstico preoperatorio sea ocasional. En este artículo se informan tres casos que clínicamente experimentaron manifestaciones de obstrucción biliar y uno de ellos además, un cuadro grave de abscesos hepáticos múltiples. Se hace referencia a los métodos diagnósticos de esta parasitosis así como de su tratamiento médico y quirúrgico