Psychological Characteristics of Living Liver Transplantation Donors using MMPI-2 Profiles / 정신신체의학

OBJECTIVES: Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a life-saving therapy for patients with terminal liver disease. Many studies have focused on recipients rather than donors. The aim of this study was to assess the emotional status and personality characteristics of LDLT donors. METHODS: We evaluated 218 subjects (126 male, 92 female) who visited Daegu Catholic University Medical Center from August 2012 to July 2018. A retrospective review of their preoperative psychological evaluation was done. We investigated epidemiological data and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 questionnaire. Subanalysis was done depending on whether subjects actually underwent surgery, relationship with the recipient, and their gender. RESULTS: Mean age of subjects was 32.19±10.91 years. 187 subjects received LDLT surgery (actual donors) while 31 subjects didn't (potential donors). Donor-recipient relationship included husband-wife, parent-children, brother-sister etc. Subjects had statistical significance on validity scale L, F, K and all clinical scales compared to the control group. Potential donors had significant difference in F(b), F(p), K, S, Pa, AGGR, PSYC, DISC and NEGE scales compared to actual donors. F, D and NEGE scales were found to be predictive for actual donation. Subanalysis on donor-recipient relationship and gender also showed significant difference in certain scales. CONCLUSIONS: Under-reporting of psychological problems should be considered when evaluating living-liver donors. Information about the donor's overall psychosocial background, mental status and donation process should also be acquired.

Heritability and Familiality of MMPI Personality Dimensions in the Korean Families with Schizophrenia

OBJECTIVE: Categorical syndrome such as schizophrenia could be the complex of many continuous mental structure phenotypes including several personality development/degeneration dimensions. This is the study to search heritability and familiality of MMPI personality dimensions in the Korean schizophrenic LD (Linkage Disequilibrium) families. METHODS: We have recruited 204 probands (with schizophrenia) with their parents and siblings whenever possible. We have used MMPI questionnaires for measuring personality and symptomatic dimensions. Heritabilities of personality dimensions in total 543 family members were estimated using Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines (SOLAR). Personality dimensions in total family members were compared with those in 307 healthy unrelated controls for measuring the familialities using ANOVA analysis. RESULTS: Seven of the 10 MMPI variables were significantly heritable and were included in the subsequent analyses. The three groups (control, unaffected 1st degree relative, case) were found to be significantly different with the expected order of average group scores for all heritable dimensions. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the aberrations in several personality dimensions could form the complexity of schizophrenic syndrome as a result of genetic-environment coactions or interactions in spite of some limitations (recruited family, phenotyping).

Complementarity between SDQ-SR and MMPI-A in Assessing Adolescents with Internalizing Disorder : A Preliminary Study / 정신신체의학

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to investigate the psychopathology in adolescents with internalizing disorder using the self-report version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-SR) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for adolescents (MMPI-A), and to explore the complementarity between these two inventories for diagnostic assessment. METHODS: Ninety-one patients aged 13–17 were divided into two groups by clinical diagnosis, 44 with internalizing disorder and 47 comparison group with other disorders. The data of SDQ-SR and MMPI-A completed by them were analyzed for the ability to predict internalizing disorder. RESULTS: The logistic regression analysis revealed that diagnostic predictability increased by 2.27 times with every 1 point of SDQ-SR emotional symptom score increment. Comparison of ROC curves for internalizing disorders showed that the SE and SP of SDQ-SR emotional symptom with score over 4 was 88.94 and 78.72, respectively. For A-anx of MMPI-A with score over 56, SE and SP was 77.27 and 74.47, respectively. However, combination of these scales could not enhance the predictability of diagnostic classification more than that of SDQ-SR emotional symptom alone. CONCLUSIONS: Emotional symptom scale of SDQ-SR and A-anx, A-aln, A and INTR of MMPI-A should be important subscales for diagnosing the internalizing disorder of adolescents, however, which needs to be examined further with a larger sample size including normal control group.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Characteristics of Parricide Offenders with Schizophrenia in Korea

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the personality characteristics in parricide offenders, by using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test, which is commonly used in clinical medicine. METHODS: A total of 73 parricide offenders with schizophrenia who were admitted to National Forensic Hospital in Gongju city between September 2014 and February 2015, and 104 comparison schizophrenia patients who had been admitted to Dankook University Hospital in Cheonan city the same hospital, completed the Korean version of the MMPI. RESULTS: The parricide offender group showed significantly higher on L, F, Hs, Hy and Pd than the comparison group. The result of the regression analysis indicated that Pd and Si significantly increased the odd ratio of the sexual offender group by 2.77 times and 0.32 times, respectively (p=0.029 and p=0.023). The offenders of parricide may have developed the following characteristics: hypochondriasis, hysteria and psychopathic deviate. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that the psychopatholgy in the offenders of parricide might be different, compared to the control group.

The Comparison of MMPI Profile between In-Family and Out-Family Child Sexual Offenders with Pedophilia / 대한법의학회지

Forty six patients (23 in-family and 23 out-family child sexual offenders) diagnosed with pedophilia participated in this study. For each patient, computerized objective data, obtained from the doctors, nurses, psychologists, and prosecutors involved, and the hospital information system, were collected. Immediately after the authors collected data that included any personal identifying information, it was replaced by random numbers to prevent bias and to protect privacy. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0 for MS Windows. Comparative items on demographic characteristics were evaluated by a paired t test and chi-square test. Out-family child sexual offenders were younger, assaulted younger victims, and possessed a higher sexual recidivism rate than in-family sexual offenders did (P<0.05). The four scales of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory showed a significant difference between in-family and out-family child sexual offenders. There was no statistically significant difference in the victim's gender and the incidence of comorbid psychiatric disease between in-family and out-family child sexual offenders.

Comparison of MMPI Profile Patterns between Patients with Epileptic Seizures and Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures

BACKGROUND: Psychogenic non epileptic seizures (PNES) are characterized by repeated seizures that are typically caused by stress and psychologic problems such as anxiety and depression. This contrasts with epileptic seizures (ES), which are transient and caused by irregular excitement of nerve cells. PNES can be found in patients with ES, but due to their differing etiologies, it is important to determine the psychologic characteristics that differentiate PNES from ES. METHODS: This study identified psychopathologic and personality traits in 137 patients with PNES (n=7, 49.3% female) or ES (n=0, 35.7% female) using MMPI. The diagnosis was based on a medical history of seizures and the clinical examination in patients who visited the epilepsy clinic. Statistical analyses for comparing MMPI differences between the two groups were conducted using the t-test, chi-square test, and analysis of covariance. RESULTS: We analyzed the frequency of individuals who exhibited a T score of ≥5 on the MMPI, and the results indicated that there were significantly more patients in the PNES group than in the ES group who had elevated scores on the hypochondriasis (Hs) scale and hysteria (Hy) scale. The mean scores of Hs, Hy, paranoia scale and schizophrenia scale were significantly higher in the PNES group than in the ES group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that patients with PNES have greater psychologic problems than ES patients. Differences in MMPI profile patterns between patients with PNES and ES may be helpful in tailoring appropriate therapeutic interventions for the two groups.

Revisión sistemática sobre el Inventario Multifásico de Personalidad de Minnesota (MMPI) / Systematic review on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

El presente artículo buscó determinar la aplicabilidad de la prueba de personalidad Inventario Multifásico de Personalidad de Minnesota (MMPI) a través de los últimos 25 años, por medio de la metodología de revisión sistemática de la literatura de 41 estudios en bases de datos de libre acceso como: Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Cultura, MedlinePlus, Open Journal Systems, Dialnet, Scielo, Wiley Open Access, UNESCO, Latindex, Ebsco Host, Scielo y Redalyc; que permitieron recopilar información sobre el instrumento y su aplicación en diferentes contextos y momentos del tiempo, desde el año 1990 hasta el 2015. Se concluye que en la mayoría de las investigaciones se ha demostrado la validez y confiabilidad del MMPI y se reconoce la necesidad de continuar estudios en relación a la aplicación, validación y sistematización del instrumento.

This article sought to determine the applicability of the test of personality Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) through the last 25 years, through the methodology of systematic review of the literature in 41 studies in free access database such as: Organization of the United Nations for food and culture, MedlinePlus, Open Journal Systems , Dialnet, Scielo, Wiley Open Access, UNESCO, Latindex, Ebsco Host and Redalyc; which allowed to collect information about the instrument and its application in different contexts and moments from 1990 to 2015. It is concluded that most of the investigations have shown the validity and reliability of the MMPI as well as the need to continue studies in relation to the implementation, validation and systematization of the instrument.

Study on the psychologic status and personality traits of patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the personality and character of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Subjects, recruited from May 2013 to February 2014, were assigned to the severe OSAHS group (56 cases), mild-moderate OSAHS group (59 cases), and control group (42 cases) on the basis of apnea hyponea index (AHI). Subjects were assigned to the severe hypoxemia group (24 cases), mild-moderate hypoxemia group (91 cases) on the basis of PaO2. The psychological aspects of subjects were assessed by using the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared between OSAHS group and the control group, differences of 6 clinical scales depression (D), hysteria (Hy), masculinity (Mf), paranoia (Pa), anxiety (A), ego strength (Es) were significant (t value was 2.609, 2.133, -2.294, 2.520, 2.041, 2.675 respectively, all P < 0.05). The scores of OSAHS group were higher than the control group on five clinical scales, depression (D), hysteria (Hy), paranoia (Pa), anxiety (A), ego strength (ES). The scores of OSAHS group were lower than the control group on clinical scale masculinity (Mf). Compared between severe OSAHS group and mild-moderate OSAHS group, differences of 6 clinical scales depression (D), paranoia (Pa), psychasthenia (Pt) anxiety (A), manifest anxiety scale (MAS), dependency (Dy) were significant (t value was 2.460, 2.086, 2.181, 2.121, 2.954, 1.982, respectively). The scores of severe OSAHS group were all higher than the mild-moderate OSAHS group on these six clinical scales. Compared between severe hypoxemia group and the contrast group, differences of 4 clinical scales depression (D), masculinity (Mf), paranoia (Pa), ego strength (Es) were significant (t value was respectively 2.992, -2.221, 2.164, 2.165, all P < 0.05). The scores of severe hypoxemia group were higher than the control group on 3 clinical scales, depression (D), paranoia (Pa), ego strength (ES), and lower than the control group on clinical scale masculinity (Mf). Compared between severe hypoxemia group and mild-moderate hypoxemia group, psychasthenia (Pt) were significant (t value was 1.984). The scores of severe hypoxemia group were higher.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with health people, OSAHS patients have special personality and character. The degree of OSAHS can infect the personality and character of OSAHS patients.</p>

The Relationship between Cognitive Decline and Psychopathology in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

OBJECTIVE: The primary goals of the present study were to assess intellectual function in participants with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (BD) and to investigate the relationships between cognitive decline and the severity of each type of psychopathology. METHODS: The present study included 51 patients with schizophrenia and 42 with BD who were recruited from the psychiatry outpatient clinic of Jeju University Hospital between March 2011 and March 2014. The Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (K-WAIS) was administered to each of the 93 participants, and they were categorized into two groups based on their current intelligence quotient (IQ) and their estimated premorbid IQ: severely impaired group (SIG) and mildly impaired group (MIG). The Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) were used to assess psychopathology. RESULTS: The SIG schizophrenia participants exhibited significantly higher scores on the frequent (F) and schizophrenia (Sc) subscales of the MMPI, but significantly lower scores on the correction (K) and psychopathic deviate (Pd) subscales compared with the MIG schizophrenia participants. Furthermore, the BPRS scores were significantly higher in the SIG schizophrenia participants relative to the MIG schizophrenia participants. The SIG BD participants had significantly higher F, masculinity-femininity (Mf), paranoia (Pa), and Sc but significantly lower Pd scores compared with the MIG BD participants. CONCLUSION: The present findings revealed a significant discrepancy between the estimated premorbid levels of cognitive function and current cognitive function in participants with schizophrenia or BD. Moreover, this discrepancy was correlated with severity of psychopathology in both groups.

Characteristics of Emotion and Personality in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients with Insomnia Symptoms: Analysis of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and insomnia are two of the most common sleep disorders in the general population. Because OSAHS patients with insomnia may have difficulty in adapting to the sleep breathing medical equipment, it is necessary to pay special attention to the diagnosis and treatment of comorbid insomnia. This study is to investigate the emotion and personality in OSAHS patients with insomnia complaints by using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). METHODS: We reviewed the results of the standardized questionnaires assessing sleep-related variables, MMPI, and polysomnographic findings of the patients diagnosed as OSAHS. RESULTS: 145 subjects were 49.05+/-11.83 years of age. The mean Respiratory Disturbance Index was 33.57+/-19.91 and the mean score of Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was 11.52+/-6.49. The mean scores of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and MMPI-2 were within normal ranges. We divided the patients into two groups based on the scores of the ISI, OSAHS with insomnia (n=109) and OSAHS without insomnia (n=36). OSAHS patients with insomnia symptoms had significantly higher scores of hypochondriasis, hysteria, psychasthenia, schizophrenia, paranoia and psychopathic deviate scales and BDI than those without insomnia. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that insomnia complaints are very common in OSAHS patients and the psychological problems are more frequently found in OSAHS patients with insomnia symptom than those without it.

Gender-Dependent Characteristics of Bipolar Patients in the National Forensic Psychiatric Hospital / 대한법의학회지

Forty patients (20 male and 20 female) diagnosed with bipolar disorder voluntarily participated in this study. For each patient, questionnaire and computerized objective data, obtained from involved doctors, nurses, psychologists, prosecutors, and the hospital information system, were collected after receiving the patients'written consent. When a patient's answers diverged greatly from computerized data (i.e., onset age, history of criminal prosecution and re-hospitalization), computerized data were given priority. Immediately after the authors collected the questionnaires, any personal identifying information was replaced by random numbers to prevent bias and protect privacy. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0 for MS Windows. Comparative items on questionnaires were evaluated by paired t test and chi square test. Male patients were found to have a higher recidivism rate than female patients (P<0.05). Female patients reported more trauma history (P<0.05), bipolar type II diagnoses (P<0.05), and suicide attempts (P<0.01) than male patients. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female patients for Intelligence Quotient (IQ) or for 13 of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) subscales.

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory as related factor for post traumatic stress disorder symptoms according to job stress level in experienced firefighters: 5-year study

OBJECTIVES: As first responders to an increasing number of natural and manmade disasters, active-duty firefighters are at increased risk for physical and psychiatric impairment as reflected by high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Because little is known about related factor with PTSD according to job stress level among firefighters, we assessed utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) using 5-year medical surveillance. METHODS: Data were analyzed from 185 male firefighters without psychiatric disease history and who at assessments in 2006 and 2011 completed all questionnaires on personal behaviors (including exercise, drinking and smoking habits) and job history (including job duration and department). MMPI, Events Scale-Revised-Korean version (IES-R-K) and Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF) were used to screen for personality trait, PTSD symptom presence and job stress level, respectively. IES-R-K subgroups were compared using two-sample t- and chi2 tests, and factors influencing IES-R-K according to KOSS-SF were determined using uni- and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Mean age and job duration were higher in PTSD-positive than negative groups. In multivariate analysis, increased PTSD risk was associated with: job duration (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.064, 95 % CI 1.012-1.118) for firefighters overall; masculinity-femininity (OR = 5.304, 95 % CI 1.191-23.624) and job duration (OR = 1.126, 95 % CI 1.003-1.265) for lower job stress level; and social introversion (OR = 3.727, 95 % CI 1.096-12.673) for higher job stress level. CONCLUSIONS: MMPI relates with PTSD according to job stress level among experienced firefighters. Masculinity-femininity and social introversion were the strongest related factor for PTSD symptom development in low and high job stress levels, respectively.

Personalidade e autoavaliação global como estudante: alguns indicadores com um modelo multimonial / Personality and overall self-assessment as student: some indicators through a multimonial model / Personalidad y autoevaluación general como estudiante: algunos indicadores con un modelo multimonial

Neste trabalho analisamos a relação entre a personalidade e o modo como os adolescentes se autoavaliam globalmente como estudantes. Participaram 351 adolescentes dos 14 aos 18 anos, distribuídos por vários níveis de escolaridade. Para avaliar a personalidade, utilizámos o Sumário Estrutural da versão portuguesa do Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – Adolescent, e um questionário de autoavaliação como estudante, com quatro categorias de resposta possíveis, entre Abaixo da Média e Muito Bom. Num modelo de regressão multinomial identificámos a personalidade como preditor da autoavaliação que os adolescentes fazem de si como estudantes, destacando-se os resultados nas dimensões Imaturidade e Desajustamento Global, o que enfatiza a importância da autorregulação e controlo dos impulsos, bem como da emocionalidade positiva, no modo como os adolescentes se autoavaliam. Os resultados são discutidos considerando o papel da organização da personalidade, não só nos padrões de comportamento observável, como também nas autoavaliações e perceções subjetivas dos indivíduos...

In this paper, we analyze the relationship between personality and the way adolescents globally assess themselves as students. Participants were 351 adolescents, aged from 14 to 18 years old, and at various levels of schooling. For personality assessment, we used the Structural Summary of the Portuguese version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – Adolescent, and a questionnaire for students’ self-assessment, with four possible response categories, from Below Average to Very Good. Through a multinomial regression model we identified personality as a predictor of adolescents’ self-assessment as students, being noteworthy Immaturity and Global Maladjustment dimensions, which emphasizes the importance of self-regulation and impulse control characteristics, as well as of positive emotionality, for adolescents' self-assessment as students. Results are discussed considering the role of personality organization, not only for the patterns of observable behavior, but also in self-assessments and subjective perceptions of individuals...

En este artículo se analiza la relación entre la personalidad y la forma como los adolescentes se autoevalúan globalmente como estudiantes. Participaron 351 estudiantes, con edades de 14 a 18 años. Se utilizó el Sumario Estructural de la versión portuguesa del Inventario Multifásico de Personalidad de Minnesota – Adolescentes (MMPI-A) y un cuestionario de autoevaluación como estudiantes. A través de un modelo de regresión multinomial, se ha identificado la personalidad como un preditor significativo de la autoevaluación global de los adolescentes como estudiantes, destacándose las dimensiones Inmadurez e Inadaptación Global, que enfatizó la importancia de la autorregulación y control de los impulsos, así como de emocionalidad positiva, para el modo como los adolescentes se autoevalúan. Los resultados se discuten teniendo en cuenta el papel de la organización de la personalidad, no sólo para los patrones de comportamiento observable, sino también en las autoevaluaciones y percepciones subjetivas de los individuos...

Psychological profile of patients with central serous retinopathy

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> To determine the psychological profile of Filipino patients diagnosed with central serous retinopathy (CSR).<br /><strong>METHODOLOGY:</strong> Patients seen at the Philippine General Hospital and diagnosed with CSR were included in the study after undergoing an eye evaluation. They completed a data collection form and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) questionnaire that was administered by a psychologist. The results of the MMPI were analyzed against an available normative scale. The socio-demographic data and patients' psychological profile were determined.<br /><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The study population (N=12) included 10 males (83%) and 2 females (17%), with a mean age of 38 ± 8.58 years. Eighty three percent (83%) of the patients lived at home with their families. All (100%) had some formal education; 58% attended or completed high school. The majority (75%) worked in non-professional roles (cooks, drivers, seaman, salesman) and 25% were not working. Most (67%) had no other medical illnesses. In the MMPI, the CSR patients showed tendencies to schizophrenia (84%), hysteria (83%), depression (75%), psychopathic deviate (67%), and hypochondriasis (58%).<br /><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> The socio-demographic data confirmed that CSR is an ailment largely affecting middle-aged men. The sample population of Filipino CSR patients have the tendency to demonstrate schizophrenia (84%), hysteria (83%), depression (75%), and psychopathic deviate (67%), and 33% showed type A personality.</p>

Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the PTSD Checklist Civilian Version in North Korean Defectors / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted for development of the Korean version of the Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist civilian version (PCL-C) by evaluating its reliability and validity for the North Korean defectors population. METHODS: A total of 69 North Korean defectors participated in this study. All patients were recruited from the psychiatric outpatient or inpatient ward. We categorized the participants into two groups according to the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) diagnosis of PTSD (PTSD, n=32 ; Non-PTSD, n=37). All Subjects completed psychometric assessments, including the PCL-C, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-PTSD), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). RESULTS: Findings provided support for psychometric properties of the Korean version of the PCL-C. The PCL-C showed good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha=0.93), and a significantly positive correlation with CAPS and MMPI-PTSD (r=0.47, r=0.61, respectively). The optimal cutoff point of PCL-C for the North Korean defectors was at a total score of 56 with sensitivity and specificity of 0.88, and 0.50, respectively. CONCLUSION: Overall, the Korean version of the PCL-C appears to be a valid and reliable measure of PTSD symptoms among the North Korean defectors.

Discriminating Power of Dissociation in Patients with Psychological Trauma / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to identify the discriminating power of dissociation as defined by depression, obsession, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI; psychopathology) in patients with psychological trauma. METHODS: Participants were patients (N=114) from "S" clinic for psychological trauma. Data were collected from April to June 2014 through semi-structured interviews and self-reports using a modified Lifetime Incidence of Traumatic Events, Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), Beck Depression Inventory-2, Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive Inventory, and MMPI-2. RESULTS: Participants were grouped in to two groups depending on DES scores; dissociative (n=15) and non-dissociative (n=99). Depression, F-scale (infrequency), Ma (Hypomania), and Hs (Hypochondriasis) scale of MMPI correctly discriminated 86.8% of the sample. There were also significant differences in Obsession, K-scale (korrection), D (Depression), Hy (Hysteria), Pd (Psychopathic Deviate), Pa (Paranoia), Pt (Psychasthenia), Sc (Schizophrenia), Si (Social Introversion) scales of MMPI between two groups, but they were not significant discriminant factors. CONCLUSION: Future interventions for patients with high levels of dissociation and psychological trauma should focus on the prevention of suicide and chronic dissociation by assessing depression-related factors; suicidal behavior, impulsivity, aggression, and alexithymia. Therapists should also interpret patients' MMPI profiles carefully, especially in the presence of an extremely elevated F-scale.

Comparison of Memory Function and MMPI-2 Profile between Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Adjustment Disorder after a Traffic Accident

OBJECTIVE: Differential diagnosis between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and adjustment disorder (AD) is rather difficult, but very important to the assignment of appropriate treatment and prognosis. This study investigated methods to differentiate PTSD and AD. METHODS: Twenty-five people with PTSD and 24 people with AD were recruited. Memory tests, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2), and Beck's Depression Inventory were administered. RESULTS: There were significant decreases in immediate verbal recall and delayed verbal recognition in the participants with PTSD. The reduced memory functions of participants with PTSD were significantly influenced by depressive symptoms. Hypochondriasis, hysteria, psychopathic deviate, paranoia, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder scale of MMPI-2 classified significantly PTSD and AD group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that verbal memory assessments and the MMPI-2 could be useful for discriminating between PTSD and AD.

Características da personalidade e relacionamento interpessoal na adolescência / Personality traits and interpersonal relationships in adolescence / Rasgos de personalidad y relaciones interpersonales en la adolescencia

Neste estudo, analisamos a relação entre as dificuldades interpessoais na adolescência e dimensões estruturais e clínicas da personalidade, avaliadas pela versão experimental portuguesa do Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – Adolescent (MMPI-A). Participaram neste estudo 351 estudantes do 9º ao 12º ano, com idades entre os 14 e os 18 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a versão portuguesa do MMPI-A e o Questionário sobre o Percurso Escolar, construído para esta investigação. De acordo com a frequência reportada de dificuldades interpessoais, sobretudo em contexto escolar, constituíram-se dois grupos de estudantes, os quais foram comparados nos resultados do MMPI-A. As análises multivariadas (MANOVAs) revelaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos nas dimensões que sugerem perturbações de personalidade. Os resultados são analisados numa perspectiva que enfatiza a importância da personalidade na vida escolar na adolescência e na distinção de padrões mais ou menos adaptativos de comportamento.

In this cross-sectional study we analyse the relationship between interpersonal difficulties in adolescence and personality clinical and structural dimensions, assessed through the Portuguese version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – Adolescent (MMPI-A). Participants were 351 ninth to twelfth grade students (ages 14-18), who were distributed by two groups, according to their reported frequency of interpersonal problems, mostly in school context. Instruments were the Portuguese version of the MMPI-A and theSchool Path Questionnaire, which was created for this investigation. Multivariate statistical analysis (MANOVA) reveals significant differences between the groups of frequency of interpersonal difficulties in MMPI-A personality dimensions and in the clinical profile. Results are analyzed on a perspective that emphasizes the importance of personality in school life and in the distinction of more or less adaptive behavior patterns.

En este estudio transversal se analiza la relación entre las dificultades interpersonales en la adolescencia y las dimensiones estructuralesy clínicas de personalidad, evaluadas a través de la versión portuguesa del Inventario Multifásico de Personalidad de Minnesota –Adolescentes (MMPI-A). Los participantes fueron 351 estudiantes de noveno a duodécimo grado (edades 14-18), que fueron distribuidos en dos grupos, de acuerdo a su frecuencia de problemas interpersonales. Los instrumentos fueron la versión portuguesadel MMPI-A y el Cuestionario Sobre la Vida Escolar, el cual fue creado para esta investigación. El análisis estadístico multivariante (MANOVA) ha revelado diferencias significativas entre los grupos de frecuencia de dificultades interpersonales en las dimensiones dela personalidad y en el perfil clínico de MMPI-A. Los resultados se analizan desde una perspectiva que enfatiza la importancia de la personalidad en la vida escolar y en la distinción de los patrones de comportamiento más o menos adaptables.

Psychologic Characteristics in Caregivers of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

PURPOSE: ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with three characteristics, such as impulsivity, inattention, and hyperactivity symptoms. This is a common disease that the prevalence reaches 4-7% of all children. There are a variety of hypothesis in the pathogenic mechanisms and etiology. Parental psychopathology influences directly and indirectly on the occurrence of ADHD in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and psychological characteristics of caregiver of child with ADHD using the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)-2. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 35 caregivers of patients with ADHD and 34 caregivers of children without neuropsychiatric disorders who visited to the pediatric neurology clinic of Kangnam sacred heart hospital from January 2009 to June 2011. We diagnosed ADHD according to DSM(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder)-IV criteria. We compared the psychologic characteristics between ADHD group and control group using T score of MMPI-2. RESULTS: MMPI T scores of caregivers of children with ADHD were significantly higher on the depression(D), psychasthenia(Pt), schizophrenia(Sc), social introversion (Si) scales than control group and most of scales were significantly higher in restructured clinical (RC) scale and personality psychopathology five (PSY-5) scales. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that psychopathology of caregivers might induce ADHD in the children. On the contrary, ADHD symptom of children might be associated with occurrence of psychopathology in the cargiver. In order to proper treatment of ADHD patient, we need to psychologic evaluation in the caregivers of patients with ADHD.

Neurocognitive Function Differentiation from the Effect of Psychopathologic Symptoms in the Disability Evaluation of Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

OBJECTIVE: We determined whether the relationship between the neuropsychological performance of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their psychopathological characteristics measured by disability evaluation are interrelated. In addition, we assessed which psychopathological variable was most influential on neuropsychological performance via statistical clustering of the same characteristics of mild TBI. METHODS: A total of 219 disability evaluation participants with mild brain injury were selected. All participants were classified into three groups, based on their psychopathological characteristics, via a two-step cluster analysis using validity and clinical scales from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and Symptom Checklist-90-revised (SCL-90-R). The Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (K-WAIS), Korean Memory Assessment Scale (K-MAS) and the Korean Boston Naming Test (K-BNT) were used to evaluate the neurocognitive functions of mild TBI patients. RESULTS: Over a quarter (26.9%) experienced severe psychopathological symptoms and 43.4% experienced mild or moderate psychopathological symptoms, and all of the mild TBI patients showed a significant relationship between neurocognitive functions and subjective and/or objective psychopathic symptoms, but the degree of this relationship was moderate. Variances of neurocognitive function were explained by neurotic and psychotic symptoms, but the role of these factors were different to each other and participants did not show intelligence and other cognitive domain decrement except for global memory abilities compared to the non-psychopathology group. CONCLUSION: Certain patients with mild TBI showed psychopathological symptoms, but these were not directly related to cognitive decrement. Psychopathology and cognitive decrement are discrete aspects in patients with mild TBI. Furthermore, the neurotic symptoms of mild TBI patients made positive complements to decrements or impairments of neurocognitive functions, but the psychotic symptoms had a negative effect on neurocognitive functions.