Interpreting the Methods for Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments in Tianhui bamboo slip medical manuscripts / 中国中药杂志

Among the medical texts excavated in 2012-2013 from the Han Dynasty tomb at Tianhui township in Sichuan province, we found a collection on the treatment of 60 ailments. Under each ailment, we found one or more formulas, for a total of 106 formulas. The authors of this paper compiled and analyzed these texts based on the original bamboo slips and named this collection with the title Methods for Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments because the content was focused on blending and making medicinal formulas, and also due to the historical connections with the texts the Record of the Court Scribe, "Biography of Bian Que and Cang Gong". For these reasons, this title was determined, where "blending decoctions" mean "blending and harmonizing medicines optimally in preparation for decocting". The Tianhui texts preserve ancient forms of medicinal formulas, including some once believed to be lost, such as "grain decoctions", "fermented alcohol decoctions", and "fiery decoctions". Based on the historical evidence, we can now ascertain that this text is the "Blending Formulas and Making Decoctions" mentioned in the Record of the Court Scribe written by Cang Gong. Moreover, the medical texts, Canon Formulas in Decoction Form (from the book of Han Dynasty) and the Imperial Pharmacy Formulas to Benefit the People in Song Dynasty are both of this genre of medical literature. The Tianhui text is therefore a representative of this genre of literature in the Western and eastern Han, acting as a key link between early medical formula books and later formula books.

Anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus effects of Chinese herbal kombucha in vivo

Abstract The foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) is sensitive to acids and can be inactivated by exposure to low pH conditions. Spraying animals at risk of infection with suspensions of acid-forming microorganisms has been identified as a potential strategy for preventing FMD. Kombucha is one of the most strongly acid-forming symbiotic probiotics and could thus be an effective agent with which to implement this strategy. Moreover, certain Chinese herbal extracts are known to have broad-spectrum antiviral effects. Chinese herbal kombucha can be prepared by fermenting Chinese herbal extracts with a kombucha culture. Previous studies demonstrated that Chinese herbal kombucha prepared in this way efficiently inhibits FMDV replication in vitro. To assess the inhibitory effects of Chinese herbal kombucha against FMDV in vitro, swine challenged by intramuscular injection with 1000 SID50 of swine FMDV serotype O strain O/China/99 after treatment with Chinese herbal kombucha were partially protected against infection, as demonstrated by a lack of clinical symptoms and qRT-PCR analysis. In a large scale field trial, spraying cattle in an FMD outbreak zone with kombucha protected against infection. Chinese herbal kombucha may be a useful probiotic agent for managing FMD outbreaks.

Response paper: morphometric article by Mejía et al. 2015 alluding genera Herichthys and Nosferatu displays serious inconsistencies

In the present response paper, the article entitled "Morphometric variation of the Herichthys bartoni (Bean, 1892) species group (Teleostei: Cichlidae): How many species comprise H. labridens (Pellegrin, 1903)?" by Mejía et al . 2015 is critically reviewed. The current review pinpoints some of the more conspicuous conceptual inconsistencies and fundamental errors found in the study by Mejía et al . (2015), It is contended that the authors fail to provide any new insights into the complex biogeography and evolutionary history of the Nosferatu and Herichthys genus groups, and that while results of their Cox1 molecular analysis are comparable to those by De la Maza-Benignos et al . (2015), the conclusions of the two studies are not comparable. In addition, it is contested that, whereas the designation of genus Nosferatu by De la Maza-Benignos et al . (2015) was found on the principles of the biological and phylogenetic species concepts, the rejection of the genus by Mejía et al . (2015) is solely based "on the presence of (overlapping) morphometric characters" between genera. The assumption by Mejía et al . (2015),that because their geometric morphometrics analysis failed to provide separation of species, then Nosferatu genus does not correspond to a valid taxon; and their suggesting geometric morphometrics "as useful tool to discriminate species, because it allows to propose diagnostic characters" were not supported by their results. While Mejía et al . present some interesting thoughts on the systematics of Nosferatu , they unfortunately fail to provide any data that can be objectively assessed as relevant to motivate any changes in the current taxonomy.

El presente documento de respuesta analiza críticamente el artículo titulado "Morphometric variation of the Herichthys bartoni (Bean, 1892) species group (Teleostei: Cichlidae): How many species comprise H. labridens (Pellegrin, 1903)?" por Mejía et al. (2015), así como también evidencia algunas de las contradicciones conceptuales y errores fundamentales encontrados en dicho documento. Se arguye que el artículo no proporciona ningún aspecto nuevo acerca de la compleja biogeografía, ni de la historia evolutiva de los géneros Nosferatu y Herichthys , y que mientras que los resultados del análisis molecular utilizando el gen Cox1 son similares a los de la Maza-Benignos et al. (2015), las conclusiones de ambos estudios no son compatibles. Se contiende además que mientras que la designación del género Nosferatu por De la Maza-Benignos et al. (2015) se fundamentó en principios asociados a los conceptos biológico y filogenético de especie, el rechazo del género por Mejía et al. ,(2015) únicamente se basa "en la existencia de caracteres morfométricos (superpuestos)" entre géneros. La inferencia por parte de Mejía et al . de que debido a que el análisis de morfometría geométrica no logró separar a las especies, y que por lo tanto el género Nosferatu no corresponde a un taxón válido; así como la observación de que la morfometría geométrica corresponde a "una herramienta útil para diferenciar especies, porque permite proponer caracteres de diagnóstico" no están sustentadas por los resultados de su análisis, y mientras que Mejía et al. ,presentan algunas ideas interesantes sobre la sistemática de Nosferatu , lamentablemente no proporcionan ningún dato relevante que pueda ser evaluado objetivamente como para motivar cambios en la taxonomía actual.

Analysis of Manuscripts Rejected by the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration 2012~2015 Jun / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analysis the manuscripts rejected for publication in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration during the last three years six months (2012~2015 Jun). METHODS: Seventy eight rejected manuscripts were analyzed focusing on manuscripts characteristics, such as rejection rates, year of submission, occupation of first author and corresponding author, number of authors, funding, thesis or dissertation, article type, study participants, number of reviews prior to rejection, and 3rd reviewer. Also reviewers' quantitative evaluation scores and subjective comments were analyzed. Reviewers' subjective comments were analyzed using content analysis methodology. RESULTS: The mean rate for manuscript rejection was 28.9% and for quantitative research, qualitative research, and review papers the quantitative evaluation scores were 2.54+/-0.70, 2.39+/-0.69, and 2.39+/-0.69 out of 5 points, respectively. The most frequent subjective comment on rejected manuscripts was 'lack of rationale for research need'. CONCLUSION: In this study the characteristics and the reasons for rejecting manuscripts were identified. These findings can be used in developing effective strategies for researchers, reviewers and editors to improve the quality of research and research reviews of nursing administration research.

Publication patterns and citation analysis of APJTM during 2008 and June 2014

OBJECTIVE@#To draw on data about publication patterns and citation indicators of Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine (APJTM) during 2008 and June 2014 in order to know about the current state of the journal.@*METHODS@#Data used in this study were collected based on publications in APJTM from 2008 to June, 2014. Information including publication issue, type of manuscript, country/region of Corresponding author, funded research paper, and international collaboration were aggregated and analyzed with Excel software. Citation indicators including total cites, average cites of each manuscript, h-index, and impact factors were primarily drawn from Web of Science™ database on June 15, 2014 and changes over the past six and half years were interpreted. The top 10 most cited papers in Web of Science™ database were also analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Number of all submissions has arisen from less than 200 in 2008 to over 1 500 in 2013, manuscript acceptance rate has decreased to be less than 14.00% indicating its improvement in quality over this period of time. Out of the 1 115 publiations, 23.77% were fruits of funded projects or produced by funded co-authors, 87.08% of all publications in APJTM were submited by authors from 10 most contributed countries. During the studied period, each published manuscript in the journal has received an average of 1.05 cites, and at least 10 publications has been cited for more 10 times.@*CONCLUSION@#Detailed analysis shows APJTM has made great progress over the past six and half years, but authors' originating countries are still disproportionate. Efforts should be made to improve its citation indicators.

The teacher-disciple tradition and secret teaching in Chinese medicine / 中国结合医学杂志

The ancient teacher-disciple tradition is regarded as one of the most celebrated practices within the Chinese medicine world. Such traditions of secrecy, private wisdom and honor are deeply rooted in the theories of Confucianism. This paper only explores the surface of this ancient culture, by investigating relevant popular ancient texts and common Chinese proverbs, as well as utilizing personal experiences, in order to reflect on how the ancient Chinese perceived such practices within their own society and how secret teaching was passed on from teacher to student, including the revelation of secret formulas and their importance and how that tradition differs from our modern-day perspectives. Various rare manuscripts from the author's personal library are employed in order to provide relative examples of the importance of secret knowledge, and how these secrets applied in the traditional healing.

La revisión editorial por pares: rechazo del manuscrito, deficiencias del proceso de revisión, sistemas para su gestión y uso como indicador científico / Editorial peer review: manuscript rejection, peer-review deficiencies, systems for management and use as scientific performance indicator

Las plataformas digitales y la dinámica y evolución de las revistas científicas han permitido desarrollar diversos modelos del proceso de revisión editorial por pares para la evaluación de manuscritos científicos previo a su publicación. En este artículo se continúa el análisis de la revisión por pares, con énfasis en la gestión de artículos rechazados, la designación de revisores, las deficiencias principales de la revisión por pares (según la asignación de revisores, el desempeño de los roles de autor, revisor y editor, y los intentos por paliar las deficiencias del proceso), los sistemas para su gestión en línea y el empleo de la revisión por pares como indicador del desempeño investigativo. Todos estos temas se analizan en el contexto de los sistemas y comunidades de ciencia, su impacto en la citación, y para facilitar su posible integración con fines prácticos según los requerimientos de cada revista

The digital platforms and the dynamics and evolution of scientific journals have allowed the development of different models of the editorial peer review to evaluate scientific manuscripts before their publication. In this article, the PR analysis is continued, on the models to manage rejected papers, the proper designation of reviewers and PR main limitations (reviewers' assignment, author-reviewer-editor performance and the attempts to palliate process' deficiencies), the online PR management systems and the use of PR as scientific performance indicator. All these topics are analyzed through the context of the systems and communities of science and their impact in the citation, to facilitate their possible incorporation with practical aims according to the requirements of each journal

Manuscrito duplicado o redundante: conducta impropia / Duplicate manuscript or redundant: misconduct

La Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO, por su sigla en inglés), dentro de las categorías de artículos, los originales, los describe como aquellos en donde se informa sobre los resultados obtenidos, se describen métodos, aparatos, se expresan nuevas ideas, etc., y por lo tanto, se constituyen en la principal de las colaboraciones primarias destinadas a publicaciones periódicas. Un texto de un manuscrito pertenece a la categoría de “publicaciones originales” cuando éste contribuye a ampliar considerablemente el conocimiento o la comprensión de un problema y además, está escrito de tal manera que un investigador cualquiera pueda repetir los experimentos, cálculos o razonamientos teóricos del autor o autores y juzgar sus conclusiones, así como la precisión de su trabajo (1).

A produção científica nas monografias de conclusão da graduação em enfermagem de uma instituição pública / Scientific production in the final papers submitted by nursing Undergraduates at a public institution / La producción científica en las monografías de conclusión de graduación en enfermería de una institución pública

A investigação objetivou conhecer a tendência temática da produção científica das monografias da graduação em enfermagem da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foi realizada pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, quantitativa, com emprego da técnica de análise documental. Foram analisadas 218 monografias defendidas de 2000 a 2007 à luz da estatística descritiva, com auxilio do aplicativo Epi-Info. Os resultados evidenciam que 145(66,5%) estudos são qualitativos, 183(83,9%) na modalidade pesquisa de campo, 150(53,7%) utilizaram a entrevista e 116(49,1%) a técnica de análise de conteúdo. A linha de pesquisa Cuidar em saúde e enfermagem produziu a maioria dos trabalhos, 135(61,9%), destacando-se a área saúde da mulher com 45(20,6%) estudos. Pode-se concluir que esta investigação fornece subsídios para a caracterização da produção acadêmica e possibilita a reflexão acerca do ensino de pesquisa na graduação.

This research aims at assessing theme trends in the scientific production of final papers by undergraduate students at the Nursing School of the State University of Rio de Janeiro (Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ). Exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative research, on the basis of documental analysis technique. 218 final papers, defended between 2000 and 2007, were analyzed through descriptive statistics with the Epi-Info program. Results show that 145(66.5%) studies are qualitative; 183 (83.9%) are field research, 150 (53.7%) are interview-based, and 116 (49.1%) are content-analysis based. The research line Care in health and nursing account for most papers - 135(61.9%), of which 45(20.6%) in women’s health stand out. Conclusions show that this investigation provides subsidies for the characterization of academic production and allows for questioning research teaching on the undergraduate levels of the university.

La investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer la tendencia temática de las monografías del pregrado en enfermería de la Universidad Estatal de Río de Janeiro-Brasil. Este trabajo exploratorio, descriptivo, cuantitativo, empleó la técnica de análisis de documentos. Se analizaron 218 monografías presentadas desde 2000 hasta 2007 en vista de la estadística descriptiva, con la ayuda Del aplicativo Epi-Info. Los resultados muestran que 145(66,5%) estudios son cualitativos, 183(83,9%) en el modo de investigación de campo, 150(53,7%) utilizaran la entrevista y 116(49,1%) la técnica de análisis de contenido. La línea de investigación Cuidar en salud y enfermería produció la mayoría de los trabajos, destacándose 135(61,9%) el área salud de la mujer con 45(20,6%) estudios. Se puede concluir que esta investigación proporciona subsidios para la caracterización de la producción académica y permite reflexionar sobre la enseñanza de la investigación en el pregrado en enfermería.

Analysis of Research Papers Published by Three Nursing Journals to Suggest the Direction of Journal of Korean Oncology Nursing / 종양간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the research papers published in three nursing journals to suggest the direction for Journal of Korean Oncology Nursing (JKON). METHODS: To compare JKON with Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education and Cancer Nursing, all the research papers published in those three journals, 2010 were reviewed using an analysis criteria developed by the researchers, focusing on type of research, characteristics of authors and subjects, research design, data collection and analysis methods, sample size estimation, and ethical considerations regarding data collection. RESULTS: JKON lacked research papers which were supported by research funds, produced by multidisciplinary teams, addressing cancer survivors or patients with metastatic cancers, and written in qualitative methodologies. However, JKON showed higher ratio of research papers than the other two journals which were adapted from thesis or dissertations, describing sample size estimation process precisely, and participating subjects diagnosed with various cancers. CONCLUSION: The study found out that JKON is presenting well the area of oncology nursing in Korea and also has several weak points that need to be improved. The study therefore suggested several recommendations for the JKON to take the professional and global leader roles.

[Ancient health manuscripts in Persian language]

To review literature for ancient medical text in Persian language. 350 medical books and texts in Persian language were identified and reviewed. Of these, 40 manuscripts were about general health and safety affairs. These further examined to explore the topic. In general there were two categories of manuscripts: 1.Manuscripts that authors' name or the date of its publication were known. Topics included individual health, brushing, umblical cord cutting, breast feeding, etc. 2. Manuscripts that authors' name or the date of its publication were unknown. Topics included eating and drinking, food water, sence and move, weather, etc. The Old Iranian literature is a very rich source for topics in health and medicine and it deserves further examin

Processo de revisão pelos pares: por que são rejeitados os manuscritos submetidos a um periódico científico? / ¿Evaluación de pares: por qué el rechazo de los manuscritos sometidos a un períodico científico? / Peer review process: when the manuscripts are undergo a scientific journal, because they are rejected?

Quando os pesquisadores enviam os resultados de suas investigações para publicação, têm sua produção intelectual avaliada pelos membros da comunidade científica. O processo, denominado sistema de arbitragem, de avaliação de originais, de avaliação pelos pares, referee system ou peer review, consiste no uso de árbitros para assessorar a avaliação dos manuscritos submetidos para publicação. Quando submetido a um processo de análise, as possibilidades de publicação do manuscrito são três: aprovado; aceito, sujeito a correções ou rejeitado, e pode apresentar um caráter pedagógico ou punitivo. Este estudo analisa 191 pareceres referentes a manuscritos enviados a um periódico no período, de 1997 até 2007, com a finalidade de conhecer os motivos que levaram os avaliadores à sua rejeição para publicação.

When the researchers sent the results of their research for publication, has his intellectual production assessed by members of the scientific community. This process, called peer review, consist in the use of referees to assist in the evaluation of manuscripts submitted for publication. When the manuscript is submitted to a review process, the chances of publication are three: approved, accepted subject to correction, or rejected. This process can provide a teaching or a punitive character. This study examines 191 opinions for manuscripts submitted to a journal from 1997 until 2007 with the purpose of knowing the reasons which led the evaluators to its rejection for publication.

Cuando los investigadores envian los resultados de su investigación para publicación, es evaluado su producción intelectual por los miembros de la comunidad científica. El proceso, llamado el sistema de arbitraje, evaluación de los originales, revisión inter pares, referee system ou peer review, es el uso de los árbitros para ayudar en la evaluación de los manuscritos presentados para su publicación. Cuando se sometan a un proceso de análisis, la respuesta puede ser tres: aprobado, aceptado o rechazado objeto de correcciones y puede hacer un tipo de enseñanza o de carácter punitivo. Este estudio examina las opiniones de 191 manuscritos presentados a una revista desde 1997 hasta 2007 con la finalidad de conocer las razones que han conducido a los evaluadores su rechazo para su publicación.

Algunas claves para escribir correctamente un artículo científico / Some key factors in medical writing

The purpose of scientific research is to disseminate their results in a publication. Scientists, clinicians, graduate and postgraduate students are judged and are primarily known for their publications. A scientific experiment whilst their results may be outstanding does not end until those results are published. Thus, the scientists not only have to "do" science but also "write" science. A poor wording could prevent or delay the publication of an excellent scientific work. The purpose of this article is to help scientists and students to prepare manuscripts that are likely to be accepted for publication and to be perfectly understood when issued. As the requirements journal vary widely among disciplines, and even within a single discipline, it is not possible to make recommendations that are universally acceptable. Therefore, this article will get its importance, insofar as it is taken as a guide for those professionals who wish to publish their studies in national and international journals.

El objetivo de la investigación científica es divulgar sus resultados en una publicación. Hombres y mujeres de ciencia, médicos clínicos, estudiantes graduados y de postgrado son juzgados principalmente y se los conoce por sus publicaciones. Un experimento científico, por espectaculares que sean sus resultados, no termina hasta que esos resultados se publican. Así pues, el científico no sólo tiene que "hacer" ciencia sino también "escribir" ciencia. Una mala redacción puede impedir o retrasar la publicación de un trabajo excelente. El propósito de este artículo es ayudar a científicos y estudiantes a preparar manuscritos que tengan posibilidades de ser aceptado para su publicación y de ser perfectamente entendidos cuando se publiquen. Como los requisitos exigidos por las revistas varían mucho según las disciplinas, e incluso dentro de una misma disciplina, no es posible hacer recomendaciones que sean universalmente aceptables. Por lo tanto, el presente artículo obtendrá su importancia, en la medida que sea tomado como una guía por aquellos profesionales que deseen publicar sus estudios en diferentes revistas nacionales e internacionales.

[ concept of irrationality according to the mathematician Xth century: Abu Ja'far Al-Khazin]

The treatise of Abu Ja'far al-Khazin [X[th] century], entitled "Commentary on the introduction of the tenth book of the treatise of Euclid" ["tafsir sadr al-maqala al-'ashira min kitab Uqlidis"] exists in eight manuscripts. In this paper a study of this treatise is presented, based on a first edition that was made, according to the copies of the manuscripts of Paris, Leiden and Tunis, Ahmadiya. A reading of this treatise of al-Khazin proves that this mathematician did a profound study of the X[th] book of Euclid Elements, in order to gain a global comprehension. In effect, he presented a condensed commentary, the originality of which can be felt both on the formal and the contents levels. The aim of this study is to try, as much as possible, to show this originality, referring specially to Pappus commentary of the "X[th] book", the works of R. Rashed on the history of algebra and a recent work of M. Ben Miled on the Arabic commentaries of the X[th] book

Requerimientos uniformes para manuscritos enviados a revistas biomédicas: redacción y edición para la publicación biomédica / Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals: writing and editing for biomedical publication (Updated October 2007)

El presente documento es una traducción al español de los Requerimientos uniformes para manuscritos enviados a revistas biomédicas del Comité internacional para editores de revistas médicas (ICMJE por sus siglas en inglés). El presente autor y la Revista CES Medicina prepararon la traducción con el apoyo del comité editorial de la revista. La ICMJE no ha apoyado o aprobado oficialmente el contenido de esta traducción. LA ICMJE revisa periódicamente los requerimientos oficiales, de modo que esta traducción puede no representar la versión oficial vigente en www.icmje.org. La versión oficial de los Requerimientos uniformes para manuscritos enviados a revistas biomédicas se encuentra en www.icmje.org.