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2.
Rev. medica electron ; 42(6): 2691-2701, nov.-dic. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1150049

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Muchos son los resultados relevantes de la Oncología cubana, gracias a los médicos, científicos y académicos que siempre han estado a la vanguardia de la lucha contra el cáncer, no sólo en Cuba sino también en Latinoamérica a lo largo de más de 170 años. El pueblo cubano, con su espíritu humano y colaborador, hizo aportes que ayudaron en los momentos difíciles, donde los gobiernos trataban de limitar el presupuesto para una obra tan noble como la lucha contra el cáncer. Fue la política de salud adoptada por el gobierno revolucionario, la que permitió el acceso a la atención gratuita a todo paciente oncológico poniendo a su alcance los recursos disponibles en su lucha contra esta tenebrosa enfermedad. La creación de la Unidad Oncológica de Matanzas ha sido y es hoy una muestra de tan noble obra. Con el objetivo de exponer las características del surgimiento y desarrollo de la oncología en Cuba se realiza el presente trabajo (AU).


SUMMARY There are many relevant results of Cuban Oncology, thanks to our doctors, scientists and academics who have always been at the forefront of the fight against cancer, not only in Cuba but also in Latin America for more than 170 years. The Cuban people, with their human spirit and collaborator, made contributions that helped in difficult times, where governments tried to limit the budget for a work as noble as the fight against cancer. It was the health policy adopted by the revolutionary government, which allowed access to free care for all oncological patients, putting at their disposal the available resources in their fight against this dark disease. The creation of the Oncological Unit of Matanzas has been and is today a sample of such a noble work. With the aim of exposing the characteristics of the emergence and development of oncology in Cuba, the present work is carried out (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cuba , Medical Oncology/history , Voluntary Health Agencies/history , Voluntary Health Agencies/trends , Oncologists/history , Medical Oncology/education , Medical Oncology/trends
3.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 41(6): 394-399, June 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013628

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective The present study aims to obtain basic demographic information, the level of interest and of training in gynecology oncology among Brazilian obstetricians and gynecologists (OB-GYNs) to create a professional profile. Methods An online questionnaire was sent to 16,008 gynecologists affiliated to the Brazilian Federation of Associations of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FEBRASGO, in the Portuguese acronym). We considered gynecologists dedicated to gynecologic oncology (OB-GYNs ONCO) those who self-reported that > 50% of their daily practice consists in working with women's cancer care. Results A total of 1,608 (10%) of 16,008 FEBRASGO members responded. The OBGYNs are concentrated in the southern and southeastern states of Brazil. Gynecologic oncology was considered the 8th greatest area of interest in gynecology among the OBGYNs. A total of 95 (5.9%) of the OB-GYNs were considered OB-GYNs ONCO. Obstetricians and gynecologists are actively engaged in cancer care: > 60% of them dedicate up to 25% of their daily practice to oncology. The role of the physicians in screening and prevention, diagnosis, in the treatment of precancerous lesions, and in low complexity surgical procedures is notably high. Gynecologists dedicated to gynecologic oncology in Brazil have a heterogeneous, nonstandardized and short training period in gynecologic oncology. These professionals had a more significantly role in performing medium- and high-complexity operations compared with OB-GYNs (65.2% versus 34%, and 47.3% versus 8.4%, respectively). Conclusion The role of OB-GYNs and of OB-GYNs ONCO appears to be complementary. Obstetricians and gynecologists actmore often in screening and prevention and in low-complexity surgical procedures, whereas OB-GYNs ONCO are more involved in highly complex cases. Strategies to raise standards in cancer training and to encourage the recognition of gynecologic oncology as a subspecialty should be adopted in Brazil.


Resumo Objetivo Opresente estudotemcomo objetivo obter informações demográficas básicas, o nível de interesse e de treinamento em ginecologia oncológica entre obstetras e ginecologistas (OB-GYNs) brasileiros para criar um perfil destes profissionais. Métodos Umquestionário online foi enviado a 16.008 ginecologistas filiados à Federação Brasileira de Associações de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (FEBRASGO). Nós consideramos ginecologistas dedicados à oncologia ginecológica (OB-GYNsONCO) aqueles que referiram atuar em > 50% de sua prática diária com o tratamento do câncer feminino. Resultados Um total de 1.608 (10%) dos 16.008 membros da FEBRASGO responderam ao questionário. Os OB-GYNs estão concentrados nos estados do sul e sudeste do Brasil. A oncologia ginecológica foi considerada a 8ª área de maior interesse em ginecologia entre os OB-GYNs. Um total de 95 (5,9%) dos OB-GYNs foram considerados ginecologistas dedicados à oncologia ginecológica (OB-GYNs ONCO). Obstetras e ginecologistas estão ativamente envolvidos no tratamento do câncer: > 60% deles dedicam até 25% de sua prática diária à oncologia. O papel dosmédicos na triageme na prevenção, no diagnóstico, no tratamento de lesões pré-cancerosas e em procedimentos cirúrgicos de baixa complexidade é notavelmente alto. Ginecologistas dedicados à oncologia ginecológica no Brasil têm umperíodo de treinamento emoncologia ginecológica heterogêneo, não padronizado e curto. Estes profissionais tiveram um papel mais significativo na realização de operações de média e alta complexidade em comparação com OB-GYNs (65,2% versus 34%, e 47,3% versus 8,4%, respectivamente). Conclusão Os papéis dos OB-GYN e dos OB-GYNs ONCO parecem ser complementares. Os OB-GYNs frequentemente atuam emtriageme prevenção e em procedimentos cirúrgicos de baixa complexidade, enquanto os OB-GYNs ONCO estão mais envolvidos em casos demais alta complexidade. Estratégias para elevar os padrões de treinamento em oncoginecologia e incentivar o reconhecimento da oncologia ginecológica como uma subespecialidade devem ser adotadas no Brasil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Specialization/statistics & numerical data , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/education , Gynecology/education , Medical Oncology/education , Obstetrics/education , Brazil , Career Choice , Attitude of Health Personnel , Advisory Committees , Early Detection of Cancer , Medical Oncology/trends
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(4): 1490-1499, Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-975727

ABSTRACT

Nanotecnología es la ciencia que involucra la síntesis de materiales en escala entre 1-100 nm (nanomateriales) es aplicable en diferentes áreas tales como medio ambiente, electrónica, alimentos, energía, entre otros. Los campos que serán relevantes dentro de esta revisión y explicados en detalle son la nanomedicina y la nano-odontología. Actualmente, en estas áreas los tres principales temas en desarrollo son específicamente en el sub-área de la nanobiotecnología y corresponden a: sensorización (biosensores/biodetección), diagnóstico (biomarcadores/bioimagen) y transportes de genes, proteínas o fármacos (sistemas de intercambio controlado en blancos sistémicos versus localizados). También se han presentado avances en bioaplicaciones como modelamientos de membranas, marcaje celular, entrega de agentes a blancos específicos, estrategias para prevención de enfermedades, ingeniería de tejidos, regeneración de órganos, estrategias de inmunoensayos y nano-oncología. Este artículo de revisión pretende abordar algunos de los aportes más relevantes, que tienen algunos de los trabajos recientes, sobre los sistemas de nanopartículas, principalmente aquellos dirigidos a terapias en áreas como diabetes, nano-oncología, terapia de fármacos y genes, mediante la técnica layer-by-layer y autoensamblado, muy utilizados también en ingeniería de tejidos y regeneración tisular, junto a un breve resumen de los avances que existen en el campo de la nano-odontología.


Nanotechnology is the science that involves the synthesis of materials in scale between 1-100 nm (nanomaterials) and is applicable in different areas such as environment, electronics, food, energy, among others. The fields that will be relevant within this review and explained in detail are nanomedicine and nano-dentistry. Currently, in these areas, the three main topics under development are specifically in the sub-area of nanobiotechnology and correspond to: sensorization (biosensors / biosensing), diagnostics (biomarkers / bioimaging) and transport of genes, proteins or drugs (exchange systems) controlled in systemic versus localized targets). Advances have also been presented in bioapplications such as membrane modeling, cell marking, delivery of agents to specific targets, strategies for disease prevention, tissue engineering, organ regeneration, immunoassay strategies and nano-oncology. This review article aims to address some of the most relevant contributions, some of the recent work, on nanoparticle systems, mainly those aimed at therapies in areas such as diabetes, nanooncology, drug and gene therapy, through the layer-by-layer and self-assembled technique, also widely used in tissue engineering and tissue regeneration, together with a brief summary of the advances that exist in the field of nano-dentistry.


Subject(s)
Nanomedicine/trends , Polymers/chemistry , Bone Regeneration , Biosensing Techniques , Genetic Therapy , Drug Delivery Systems , Tissue Engineering , Nanotechnology , Dentistry/trends , Quantum Dots , Medical Oncology/trends
5.
Prensa méd. argent ; 104(9): 463-464, nov 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1047097

ABSTRACT

Isolated pancreatic metastases of clear cell renal carcinoma are rare. Clear cell renal carcinoma (CCRC) is responsible for approximately 20-30 % of cases that present metastases at diagnosis. Despite that pancreatic involvement is inusual, this is an organ were particularly and frequently place as the only dissemination site. The aim of this report was to evaluate the surgical and oncological results of patients submitted to pancreatectomy consecutively to a CCRC. Patients with pancreatectomy because of metastases were selected in a 10 -year period. Clear cell renal carcinoma spreads both by direct perinephric extension and by hematogenous and lymphatic routed. The treatment of localized CCRC is surgical. For patients with metastatic CCRC, no efficacious agent has ever been identified, and there is no standard or accepted therapy. The results of this study are presented and discussed


Subject(s)
Humans , Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery , Survival Analysis , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Kidney Neoplasms/therapy , Medical Oncology/trends , Neoplasm Metastasis
6.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1007030

ABSTRACT

Introdução: o Programa nacional de apoio à atenção oncológica (Pronon) é fruto de uma parceria entre os Ministérios da saúde e da Fazenda, que, conjuntamente, determinam um valor global de renúncia fiscal a ser empregada a cada período. entre os temas prioritários do programa, tem-se a oncologia infantojuvenil e é possível a submissão de projetos, pelas instituições de saúde do terceiro setor, nas áreas de assistência, pesquisa e formação profissional. Objetivo: apresentar um panorama do triênio 2016-2018, referente aos projetos voltados para essa temática, na área de formação, treinamento e aperfeiçoamento de recursos humanos. Método: estudo de caso e análise quali-quantitativa, tendo como amostra todos os projetos apresentados ao Ministério da saúde, no âmbito do Pronon, no período. Resultados: Foi possível observar que o número de projetos apresentados na esfera do Pronon, na temática de oncologia infantojuvenil, é muito baixo, representando 14,28% do total de projetos expostos no triênio e, destes, somente um foi aprovado. Conclusão: conclui-se que há uma carência de projetos tanto apresentados como aprovados envolvendo essa temática. dessa forma, busca-se incentivar as instituições do terceiro setor que atuam na prestação de serviços oncológicos a participarem do programa por meio de projetos com capacidade técnica operacional, considerados de relevância para o sistema único de saúde e seus usuários


Introduction: The national Program of support to cancer oncology (Pronon) is the result of a partnership between the Ministries of Health and of Finance, which together determine a global amount of tax relief to be used each cycle. among the priority themes of the program are the youth oncology and it is possible to submit projects by the Health institutions of the Third sector in the areas of assistance, research and professional training. Objective: Present a panorama of the triennium 2016-2018 referring to the projects focused on this theme, in the area of training, training and improvement of human resources. Method: s tudy and qualitative and quantitative analysis were done, taking as a sample all the projects submitted to the Ministry of Health, within Pronon, in the period. Results: it was possible to observe that the number of projects presented in the scope of Pronon in the subject of youth oncology is very low, representing 14.28% of the total of projects presented in the triennium and only one project was approved. Conclusion: We conclude, therefore, that there is a shortage of projects, both presented and approved, involving this theme. in this way, it is sought to encourage the Third sector institutions that act in the provision of oncological services to participate in the program through projects with technical operational capacity, considered of relevance to the unified Health system and its users.


Introducción: el Programa nacional de apoyo a la atención oncológica (Pronon) es fruto de una asociación entre los Ministerios de salud y de la Hacienda, que, conjuntamente, determinan un valor global de renuncia fiscal a ser empleada a cada período. entre los temas prioritarios del programa, se tiene la oncología infantil y juvenil y es posible la presentación de proyectos, por las instituciones de salud del tercer sector, en las áreas de asistencia, investigación y formación profesional. Objetivo: Presentar un panorama del trienio 2016-2018 referente a los proyectos dirigidos a esa temática, en el área de formación, entrenamiento y perfeccionamiento de recursos humanos. Método: estudio de caso y análisis cuantitativo, teniendo como muestra todos los proyectos presentados al Ministerio de salud, en el ámbito del Pronon, en el período. Resultados: se pudo observar que el número de proyectos presentados en el marco del Pronon en la temática de oncología infantil y juvenil es muy bajo, representando el 14,28% del total de proyectos presentados en el trienio y sólo un fue aprobado. Conclusión: se concluye, por lo tanto, que hay una carencia de proyectos, tanto presentados como aprobados, involucrando esta temática. de esta forma, se busca incentivar a las instituciones del tercer sector que actúan en la prestación de servicios oncológicos a participar del programa por medio de proyectos con capacidad técnica operacional, considerados de relevancia para el sistema único de salud y sus usuarios


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Health Human Resource Training , Medical Oncology/trends , National Health Programs/trends
7.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 26(4): 1249-1269, Out.-Dez. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-842079

ABSTRACT

Resumo O câncer desencadeia reações orgânicas e emocionais, provocando sentimentos, desequilíbrios e conflitos internos. O estudo procurou identificar as percepções do paciente oncológico sobre o cuidado profissional recebido. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, constituindo-se como uma possibilidade de reflexão acerca da assistência prestada a estes pacientes, sob a ótica de uma abordagem humanística. Participaram da pesquisa 25 pacientes adultos internados no setor de Oncologia de uma instituição pública, de ensino e de referência na área, localizada na Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, junto aos quais se realizou entrevista semiestruturada, que teve seu roteiro avaliado por profissionais da área temática. Após a coleta dos dados, estes foram transcritos e sistematizados pelo Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, sendo posteriormente confrontados com o relatório da Observação Sistemática Participante. Como resultados, o estudo identificou percepção positiva do usuário sobre o cuidado recebido, embora a prática profissional incorpore parcialmente as recomendações preconizadas pela Política Nacional de Humanização. Concluiu-se que é necessário investir esforços no intuito de potencializar a incorporação de condutas profissionais que priorizem o cuidado humanizado, pois sua ausência compromete a adesão terapêutica, fragiliza o paciente, acarretando impactos emocionais no indivíduo.


Abstract Cancer triggers organic and emotional reactions, causing feelings, imbalances and internal conflicts. The study sought to identify the perceptions of the cancer patient about the professional care received. It is a qualitative study, constituting as a possibility of reflection on the care given to these patients, from the perspective of a humanistic approach. Twenty-five adult patients admitted to the Oncology Sector of a public institution, teaching and referral in the area, located in the Brazilian Center-West Region, where a semi-structured interview was carried out, which had its script evaluated by professionals in the thematic area. After the data were collected, they were transcribed and systematized by the Collective Subject Discourse, and later they were confronted with the report of the Participating Systematic Observation. As results, the study identified a positive perception of the user about the care received, although the professional practice partially incorporates the recommendations recommended by the National Humanization Policy. It was concluded that it is necessary to invest efforts to enhance the incorporation of professional behaviors that prioritize humanized care, because their absence compromises therapeutic adherence, weakens the patient, and has an emotional impact on the individual.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Humanization of Assistance , Interviews as Topic , Medical Oncology/trends , Nursing Care , Patient Care/trends , Perception , Qualitative Research , Treatment Adherence and Compliance/psychology
9.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 14(2): 294-299, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-788038

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Recent advances in the understanding of tumor driver mutations, signaling pathways that lead to tumor progression, and the better understanding of the interaction between tumor cells and the immune system are revolutionizing cancer treatment. The pace at which new treatments are approved and the prices at which they are set have made it even more difficult to offer these treatments in countries like Brazil. In this review we present for the non-oncologist these new treatments and compare their availability in Brazilian public health system and private health system with that of developed countries.


RESUMO Avanços recentes na compreensão de mutações promotoras de desenvolvimento do câncer, sinalização que leva à progressão de tumores, e o avanço no entendimento da interação entre as células tumorais e o sistema imunológico estão revolucionando o tratamento do câncer. A velocidade com que novos tratamentos são aprovados e o alto custo das medicações dificultam a disponibilização de terapêuticas em países como o Brasil. Nesta revisão, apresentamos ao não oncologista esses novos tratamentos e comparamos sua disponibilidade nos sistemas público e privado de saúde no Brasil com os países desenvolvidos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Medical Oncology/trends , Neoplasms/therapy , Brazil , Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods , Molecular Targeted Therapy/trends , Immunotherapy/trends
10.
Salud pública Méx ; 58(2): 296-301, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-793002

ABSTRACT

Abstract Lymphoproliferative disorders have increased in last decades. Immunohistochemistry analysis is required to categorize them in different clinical entities, as has been stablished by WHO. Advances in imaging have set the PET-CT as a standard staging procedure in most cases. Knowledge of the biology of these malignancies has allowed therapeutic advances with different approaches, including development of monoclonal antibodies, conjugated antibodies, immunomodulatory agents, as well as inhibition of specific pathways. Although new drugs are promising, the cost-benefit impact requires to be evaluated in pharmacoeconomic clinical trials.


Resumen Los padecimientos linfoproliferativos han incrementado en las últimas décadas. Es fundamental la evaluación con inmunohistoquímica para clasificarlos en las diferentes entidades que establece la clasificación de la OMS. Los avances en técnicas de imagen han colocado al PET-CT como un procedimiento de estadificación estándar. El conocimiento de la biología de estas neoplasias ha permitido avances terapéuticos con el desarrollo de anticuerpos monoclonales solos o conjugados, como agentes inmunomoduladores, así como a través de la inhibición de vías específicas. Aun cuando los resultados con estos nuevos fármacos son promisorios, el impacto costo-beneficio requiere evaluarse en estudios prospectivos con análisis farmacoeconómico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Lymphoma/diagnosis , Lymphoma/therapy , Diagnostic Imaging/trends , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Drugs, Investigational/therapeutic use , Disease Management , Therapies, Investigational , Molecular Targeted Therapy , Immunotherapy , Lymphoma/epidemiology , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/diagnosis , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/therapy , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/epidemiology , Medical Oncology/trends
11.
Salud pública Méx ; 58(2): 291-295, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-793009

ABSTRACT

Abstract In the last 60 years, there have been substantial advances regarding the diagnosis and treatment of patients with acute and chronic leukemia in Mexico. Immunologic and molecular classifications of these diseases have improved both diagnosis and therapeutic capabilities. Although the pace of diagnostic and therapeutic advances has been slower compared with developed countries, Mexico is at the forefront among developing countries. Supporting research in these fields is expected to enhance the generation of new knowledge and improve the care of patients suffering from these diseases.


Resumen En los últimos 60 años ha habido avances notables en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pacientes con leucemia aguda y crónica en México. Las clasificaciones inmunológicas y moleculares de esta enfermedad han mejorado tanto la capacidad diagnóstica como las derivaciones terapéuticas. Si bien el ritmo de los avances diagnósticos y terapéuticos en México se ha visto retrasado cuando se compara con el de países desarrollados, se encuentra a la vanguardia entre los países en vías de desarrollo. El apoyo a las labores de investigación en estas áreas del conocimiento seguramente redundará en beneficio de la generación de nuevos conocimientos y de la atención de los pacientes que sufren estas enfermedades.


Subject(s)
Humans , Leukemia/diagnosis , Leukemia/therapy , Prognosis , Leukemia/epidemiology , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Combined Modality Therapy , Disease Management , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques , Developing Countries , Immunotherapy , Medical Oncology/trends , Mexico
12.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 39(3): 149-156, Mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-783949

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o percurso dos ensaios clínicos com anticorpos monoclonais e biomedicamentos oncológicos realizados em instituições brasileiras de 2003 a 2012. Método Neste estudo retrospectivo e descritivo, realizou-se um levantamento junto aos repositórios ClinicalTrials.gov e ReBEC. Foram incluídos ensaios de fase II ou III com participação do Brasil e registro em pelo menos um dos repositórios. Após a seleção dos ensaios, foi investigada a trajetória dos anticorpos monoclonais e biomedicamentos desde a pesquisa até o registro sanitário junto a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) e European Medicines Agency (EMA). Resultado Nove ensaios foram selecionados, todos randomizados controlados. Oito eram de fase III e um de fase II. Dois ensaios utilizaram cegamento duplo e sete eram abertos. Todos apresentaram recrutamento para ambos os sexos, com idade mínima de 18 anos. A média de recrutamento foi de 985,2 pacientes. Sete ensaios estavam finalizados e dois haviam sido encerrados prematuramente. Todos os ensaios foram financiados por indústrias farmacêuticas não brasileiras e enfocaram câncer renal, colorretal, gástrico, de pulmão (não pequenas células), linfoma não-Hodgkin e melanoma, envolvendo a utilização de cetuximabe, figitumumabe, ipilimumabe, rituximabe, bevacizumabe e interferon alfa-2a. A FDA foi a primeira agência a registrar os medicamentos, seguida pela EMA, a não ser no caso do interferon alfa-2a, recusado pela EMA. Não foi possível avaliar o ano de aprovação no Brasil pela Anvisa. Conclusão A participação do Brasil nos ensaios clínicos com anticorpos monoclonais e biomedicamentos oncológicos é insuficiente. A limitação do conteúdo disponível sobre os estudos, histórico de registro e outros elementos relevantes é uma fragilidade importante das fontes consultadas.


ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the pathway of clinical trials of monoclonal antibodies and biological medicines for cancer treatment involving Brazilian institutions from 2003 to 2012. Method This retrospective, descriptive study was based on review of two clinical trial registries, ClinicalTrials.gov and the Brazilian registry ReBEC. Phase II or III studies with participation from Brazilian institutions listed in at least one of the registries were included. Following selection of the trials, the pathway of monoclonal antibodies and biological medicines was investigated from the research stage until licensing by the Brazilian Agency for Sanitary Surveillance (Anvisa), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and European Medicines Agency (EMA). Results Nine trials (eight phase III and one phase II) were selected. All had a randomized, controlled design. Two trials were double-blind and seven were open-label, and all recruited adults (≥ 18 years of age) of both sexes. The mean number of patients recruited per trial was 985.2. Seven trials had been completed and two had been terminated early. All trials were sponsored by non-Brazilian pharmaceutical companies and focused on renal, colorectal, gastric, and lung (non-small cell) cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and melanoma, and involved the use of cetuximab, figitumumab, ipilimumab, rituximab, bevacizumab and interferon alfa-2a. The FDA was the first agency to license the drugs, followed by EMA, except in the case of interferon alfa-2a, which was not approved by EMA. We were unable to determine the year of drug licensing by Anvisa in Brazil. Conclusions The participation of Brazil in clinical trials of monoclonal antibodies and biological medications for cancer treatment is insufficient. The quality of the available information on trials, history of licensing, and other relevant elements is a major weakness of the sources reviewed.


Subject(s)
Biomedical Research/methods , Medical Oncology/trends , Antibodies, Monoclonal/analysis , Brazil
17.
SQUMJ-Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal. 2012; 12 (4): 402-405
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-125997
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