ABSTRACT
Abstract Background The long incubation periods of cardiovascular diseases offer opportunities for controlling risk factors. In addition, preventive interventions in childhood are more likely to succeed because lifestyle habits become ingrained as they are repeated. Objective To investigate the effects of recreational physical activities, in combination or not with a qualitative nutritional counseling, in cardiometabolic risk factors of students with dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity. Methods Students (8-14 years old) were randomly divided into three groups (n=23 each): i ) Control; ii ) PANC, students undergoing Physical Activity and Nutritional Counseling, and iii ) PA, students submitted to Physical Activity, only. Blood samples (12-h fasting) were collected for biochemical analysis and anthropometric markers were also assessed. Two-Way RM-ANOVA and Holm-Sidak's test, and Friedman ANOVA on Ranks and Dunn's test were applied. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Effect sizes were evaluated by Hedges' g and Cliff's δ for normal and non-Gaussian data, respectively. Results Compared to the control group and to baseline values, both interventions caused significant average reductions in total cholesterol (11%; p <0.001), LDL-c (19%; p=0.002), and non-HDL-c (19%; p=0.003). Furthermore, students in the PANC group also experienced a significant decrease in body fat compared to baseline (p=0.005) and to control (5.2%; g=0.541). Conclusions The proposed strategies were effective to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. The low cost of these interventions allows the implementation of health care programs in schools to improve the students' quality of life.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Food and Nutrition Education , Dyslipidemias/prevention & control , Obesity, Abdominal/prevention & control , Cardiometabolic Risk Factors , Life Style , Quality of Life , Students , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Exercise , Delivery of Health Care , Dyslipidemias/diet therapy , Adolescent Nutrition , Obesity, Abdominal/diet therapyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Physical inactivity is associated with low heart rate variability (HRV) in adolescents. However, whether the number of physical education (PE) classes impact HRV remains unclear. This cross-sectional study verified the association between the frequency of PE classes and HRV parameters in male adolescents. This study included 1152 boys (16.6 ± 1.2 years). The quantity of PE classes was assessed though questionnaire and the adolescents were stratified accordingly (no PE class; one PE class/wk; ≥2 PE classes/wk). Time- (SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50) and frequency-domains (LF, HF, sympathovagal balance) of HRV were obtained. Generalized Linear Models were used for comparing the HRV parameters according to the quantity of PE classes, adjusting for confounders. There was no difference in HRV measures of time: (SDNN, p = 0.77; RMSSD, p=0.72; PNN50, p=0.83) and frequency (LF, p=0.61; HF, p=0.61; sympathovagal balance, p=0.60) between the different frequencies of PE classes. The frequency of PE classes in not associated with HRV parameters of male adolescents.
RESUMO A inatividade física está associada à baixa variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) em adolescentes. Entretanto, não está claro se o número de aulas de Educação Física (EF) causa impacto na VFC. Este estudo transversal verificou a associação entre a frequência das aulas de EF com parâmetros de VFC em adolescentes do sexo masculino. Foram incluídos 1.152 meninos (16,6 ± 1,2 anos). A quantidade de aulas de EF foi avaliada através de questionário e os adolescentes foram estratificados de acordo (nenhuma aula de EF; uma aula de EF / sem; ≥2 aulas de EF / sem). Os domínios do tempo (SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50) e da frequência (LF, HF, balanço simpático-vagal) da VFC foram obtidos. Modelos Lineares Generalizados foram usados para comparar os parâmetros da VFC de acordo com a quantidade de aulas de EF, ajustando para fatores de confusão. Não houve diferença nas medidas de VFC de tempo: (SDNN, p = 0,77; RMSSD, p = 0,72; PNN50, p = 0,83) e frequência (LF, p = 0,61; HF, p = 0,61; balanço simpatovagal, p = 0,60) entre as diferentes frequências das aulas de EF. A frequência das aulas de EF não está associada aos parâmetros de VFC de adolescentes do sexo masculino.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Physical Education and Training/methods , Heart Rate/physiology , Exercise , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Adolescent Behavior , Obesity, Abdominal/prevention & control , Hypertension/prevention & control , MenABSTRACT
Resumen: Objetivo: Asociar una nueva e integradora clasificación de actividad física (AF) y sedentarismo con riesgo de síndrome metabólico (SM) en una muestra representativa de adultos chilenos. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 5040 participantes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de Chile 2009-2010. Fueron creadas cuatro categorías mediante una combinación entre niveles de AF y sedentarismo (SED) usando el cuestionario GPAQ. El SM fue definido según las normas del NCEP ATP-III. Resultados: Se observa una menor probabilidad de presentar SM sólo en las categorías que cumplen con las recomendaciones internacionales de AF (p<0.05), "activo y bajo-SED" (RM=0.72 [0.57 a 0.91]) y "activo y alto-SED" (RM=0.63 [0.49 a 0.81]). El nivel de sedentarismo (alto/bajo) no se asoció con una reducción significativa de SM en ninguno de los grupos. Conclusiones: Este tipo de clasificación demuestra que la principal estrategia para reducir el riesgo de SM debiera estar asociada con cumplir las recomendaciones de AF.
Abstract: Objective: To use a new methodology to classify the level of physical activity (PA) by combining the levels of PA and sedentary time (SED) in order to establish its association with metabolic syndrome (MS). Materials and methods: A representative sample of Chilean adults (≥18 years old) who participated in the National Health Survey (ENS 2009-2010) was included in this study (n=5 040). Four categories were created using a combination of PA and SED levels through the GPAQ questionnaire. MS was defined according to the norms established by NCEP ATP-III. Results: A lower probability of MS was observed only in the categories that comply with the international recommendations of PA, "active and low-SED" (OR=0.72 [0.57 to 0.91]) and "active and high-SED" (OR=0.63 [0.49 to 0.81]). While the level of SED (high/low) was not associated with a significant reduction of MS in any of the groups. Conclusions: This type of classification demonstrates that the main strategy to reduce the risk of MS should be associated with compliance with the recommendations of PA.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Exercise , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Sedentary Behavior , Body Height , Body Weight , Body Mass Index , Chile , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Health Surveys , Age Factors , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control , Obesity, Abdominal/prevention & controlABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Analisar a quantidade de atividade física (kcal/semana) necessária à prevenção do excesso de gordura visceral em mulheres pós-menopáusicas. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: A amostra incluiu 239 mulheres com uma idade média de 57,2 anos. A área de gordura visceral (AGV) foi medida por bioimpedância octopolar e a atividade física, com a versão longa do IPAQ. Foram construídas curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) e considerado um intervalo de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: As áreas sob a curva ROC para a atividade física moderada e a caminhada revelaram-se significativas. O dispêndio semanal de 1.601 kcal na caminhada ou de 2.283 kcal de atividade física moderada foi identificado como bons valores de corte para prevenir o excesso de AGV. CONCLUSÃO: A prática da atividade física de intensidade leve a moderada, com um gasto calórico entre 1.601 e 2.283 kcal/semana, previne o excesso de adiposidade central em mulheres pós-menopáusicas.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the level of physical activity (kcal/week) needed to prevent excess visceral fat in postmenopausal women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The sample included 239 women with a mean age of 57.2 years. Visceral fat area (VFA) was measured by octopolar bioelectrical impedance, and physical activity, by the long version IPAQ. ROC Curves (Receiver Operating Characteristic) were drawn, and a 95% confidence interval was used. RESULTS: The areas under the ROC curve for moderate physical activity and walk proved to be significant. Weekly expenditure of 1,601 kcal in walking, or 2,283 kcal in moderate physical activity were identified as good cutoff values to prevent excess VFA. CONCLUSION: Mild to moderate physical activity, with a caloric expenditure between 1,601 and 2,283 kcal/week, prevents excess central adiposity in postmenopausal women.