Origanum vulgare essential oil and carvacrol: natural alternatives against resistant bacteria / Óleo essencial de origanum vulgare e carvacrol: alternativas naturais contra bactérias resistentes / El aceite esencial de origanum vulgare y el carvacrol: alternativos naturales contra las bacterias resistentes

Bacteria that are resistant to several antibiotics are a serious One Health problem, as new alternatives for treatment do not appear at the same speed. Thus, the aim of this work was to carry out a survey of studies involving the activity of the essential oil of O. vulgare and its isolated compound carvacrol on antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To this end, a qualitative review of the literature was carried out in the PubMed database from 2015 to 2020. Both for the essential oil and for the isolated compound, the inhibitory action extends to strains often associated with difficult-to-treat infections such as oxacillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, ß-lactamase-producing strains, carbapenemases, among others. The point that distinguishes the studies is the type of methodology used in the tests, with studies with carvacrol more directed towards mechanisms of molecular action and application in cells and animals, while those with oils are more preliminary. Although these substances have potential to control resistant bacteria, more research is needed to enable their use.

Bactérias resistentes a vários antibióticos são um grave problema para a Saúde Única, pois novas alternativas de tratamento não aparecem na mesma velocidade. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento de estudos envolvendo a atividade do óleo essencial de O. vulgare e seu composto isolado, carvacrol, sobre bactérias resistentes a antibióticos. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão qualitativa da literatura na base de dados PubMed no período de 2015 a 2020. Tanto para o óleo essencial quanto para o composto isolado, a ação inibitória se estende a cepas frequentemente associadas a infecções de difícil tratamento como Staphylococcus aureus resistente à oxacilina e vancomicina, cepas produtoras de ß-lactamase, carbapenemases, entre outras. O ponto que diferencia os estudos é o tipo de metodologia utilizada nos testes, sendo os estudos com carvacrol mais direcionados para mecanismos de ação molecular e aplicação em células e animais, enquanto os com óleos são mais preliminares. Embora essas substâncias tenham potencial para controlar bactérias resistentes, mais pesquisas são necessárias para viabilizar seu uso.

Las bacterias resistentes a diversos antibióticos son un grave problema para la Sanidad Única, ya que las nuevas alternativas de tratamiento no aparecen a la misma velocidad. Así pues, el objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una encuesta sobre los estudios relativos a la actividad del aceite esencial de O. vulgare y su compuesto aislado, el carvacrol, sobre las bacterias resistentes a los antibióticos. Para ello, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica cualitativa en la base de datos PubMed en el periodo comprendido entre 2015 y 2020. Tanto para el aceite esencial como para el compuesto aislado, la acción inhibidora se extiende a cepas frecuentemente asociadas a infecciones de difícil tratamiento como el Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la oxacilina y a la vancomicina, cepas productoras de ß-lactamasas, carbapenemasas, entre otras. El punto que diferencia los estudios es el tipo de metodología utilizada en las pruebas, siendo los estudios con carvacrol más dirigidos a mecanismos de acción molecular y aplicación en células y animales, mientras que los de aceites son más preliminares. Aunque estas sustancias tienen potencial para controlar las bacterias resistentes, es necesario seguir investigando para que su uso sea viable.

Extracción, caracterización y actividad antioxidante del aceite esencial de plectranthus amboinicus L / Extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of essential oil from plectranthus amboinicus L

Objetivo: extraer, caracterizar y determinar la actividad antioxidante del aceite esencial de orégano francés (Plectranthus amboinicus L) cultivado en la zona norte del departamento de Bolívar, Colombia. Método: el aceite esencial se obtuvo por hidrodestilación e hidrodestilación asistida por radiación con microondas, a partir de las hojas; se determinó densidad relativa a 20 °C, índice de refracción; solubilidad de los aceites esenciales en etanol (70 por ciento v/v) y rotación óptica. La composición química se evaluó mediante cromatografía de gases/espectrómetro de masa. La actividad antioxidante fue determinada mediante las técnicas de actividad antiradicalaria por los métodos DPPH., ABTS .+, y ORAC. Resultados: los rendimientos oscilaron entre 0,05 y 0,78 por ciento, dependiendo del método de extracción utilizado. Los resultados de la prueba de actividad antioxidante mostro que los aceites esenciales de orégano francés (Plectranthus amboinicus L) obtenidos mediante ambos métodos de extracción tuvieron resultados promisorios; además, estos aceites presentaron altos contenidos de monoterpenos oxigenados con reconocida actividad antioxidante, como son el carvacrol y el timol. Conclusiones: El aceite esencial de orégano francés (Plectranthus amboinicus L) se considera como promisorio para diseñar productos magistrales con actividad antioxidante(AU)

Objectives: to extract, to characterize and to determine the antioxidant activity of the essential oil of French Oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus L) grown in the northern part of the Department of Bolívar, Colombia. Methods: essential oil was extracted by distillation and radiation microwave-assisted hydrodistillation, from the leaves; relative density at 20 °C, refractive index; solubility of the essential oils in ethanol (70 percent v/v) and optical rotation were determined. The chemical composition was assessed using gas chromatography/ mass spectrometer. The antioxidant activity was determined using the techniques of antiradical activity by the DPPH., ABTS.+ and ORAC methods. Results: yields ranged from 0.05 to 0.78 percent, depending on the extraction method used. The results of the test of antioxidant activity showed that the essential oils of French oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus L) obtained by both methods of extraction had promising results; in addition, these oils had high contents of ,oxygenated monoterpeneswith recognized antioxidant activity, such as carvacrol and thymol. Conclusions: the essential oil of French oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus L) is considered as promising to design products with antioxidant activity(AU)

Study on the psychotherapeutic potential of marjoram oil on clonidine-induced depressed rats

Depression is a strong mood involving sadness, discouragement, despair, or hopelessness that lasts for weeks, months, or even longer. It interferes with a person's ability to participate in normal activities. Depression affects a person's thoughts and behavior as well as mood. The use of herbal medicine in psychiatry practice has increased tremendously in the past decade due to its fewer side effects and it can enhance the effects of conventional agents or be an alternative treatment. Marjoram is considered one of the most common herbs of Lamiaceae family. The therapeutic properties of marjoram oil are analgesic, antioxidant, calms nerves, anti-spasmodic, expectorant, hypotensive and sedative. This work aims to investigate the effect of marjoram oil on the brain neurotransmitters of clonidine-induced depressed rats as well as their behavioral responses using open field and forced swimming tests. The results show that marjoram oil treatment normalized the brain neurotransmitters content, the latency period and ambulation frequency in clonidine depressed rats. A decrease in the immobility time and an increase in the struggling time were observed in the forced swimming test. Treatment with fluoxetine or marjoram oil of the depressed rats decrease malondialdehyde content and increase the reduced glutathione content. It can be conclude that marjoram oil could play an important role in treatment of depression and alter behavior