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1.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 87(3): 283-289, May-Jun. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1285690

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of middle ear disease and its risk factors have been the subject of multiple studies. High prevalence of middle ear disease has been described among North American natives, especially chronic otitis media. Such studies have not been carried out in South America. Objective To describe the prevalence of middle ear pathology and risk factors in native schoolchildren from southern Chile who belong to the Mapuche ethnic group, as well as the impact of socio-economic and demographic changes after 14 years of development. Material and methods Two otologic evaluations with an interval of 14 years were performed in schoolchildren with a percentage of indigenous population above 85%. Socioeconomic and demographic data were collected from national official statistical data. Results A total of 1067 schoolchildren were examined. Many described risk factors for ear pathology were found. An overall prevalence of 0.19% for tympanic membrane perforation, 5.6% for pars tensa retraction pockets, 1.5% for pars flaccida retraction pockets and 11.1% of otitis media with effusion was found. There were several socioeconomic improvements after 14 years. The difference between the prevalence of symptoms and the presence of otitis media with effusion was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions Despite the presence of several risk factors for middle ear disease, this study population showed a low prevalence of middle ear disease. The ethnic-racial factor seems to be a protective factor.


Resumo Introdução A prevalência de doenças da orelha média e seus fatores de risco já foram objeto de múltiplos estudos. A alta prevalência dessas doenças foi descrita entre os nativos da América do Norte, principalmente a otite média crônica. Tais estudos não foram feitos na América do Sul. Objetivo Descrever a prevalência de doenças da orelha média e fatores de risco em crianças de idade escolar, nativos do sul do Chile pertencentes à etnia Mapuche, bem como o impacto de mudanças socioeconômicas e demográficas após 14 anos de desenvolvimento. Método Foram feitas duas avaliações otológicas com intervalo de 14 anos em escolares com percentual da população indígena acima de 85%. Dados socioeconômicos e demográficos foram coletados a partir de dados estatísticos oficiais nacionais. Resultados Foram examinados 1.067 escolares. Foram encontrados diversos fatores de risco descritos para doença otológica. Foi encontrada uma prevalência geral de 0,19% para perfuração da membrana timpânica, 5,6% para retrações da pars tensa, 1,5% para retração da pars flácida e 11,1% de otite média com efusão. Houve várias melhorias socioeconômicas após 14 anos. A diferença entre a prevalência de sintomas e a presença de otite média com efusão foi estatisticamente significante (p < 0,001). Conclusões Apesar da presença de vários fatores de risco para doença da orelha média, a população estudada apresentou baixa prevalência da doença. O fator étnico parece ser protetor.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Otitis Media/epidemiology , Otitis Media with Effusion/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Prevalence , Population Groups , Ear, Middle , Membranes
2.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 34(2): 148-153, Apr.-June 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-784336

ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine the prevalence of otitis media with effusion in children younger than 1 year and its association with the season of the year, artificial feeding, environmental and perinatal factors. Methods: Retrospective study of 184 randomly included medical records from a total of 982 healthy infants evaluated for hearing screening tests. Diagnosis of otitis media with effusion was based on otoscopy (amber-gold color, fluid level, handle of malleus position), type B tympanometric curves and absence of otoacoustic emissions. Incomplete medical records or those describing acute otitis media, upper respiratory tract infections on the assessment day or in the last 3 months, neuropathies and craniofacial anomalies were excluded. Data such as gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, type of feeding and day care attendance were compared between children with and without otitis media with effusion through likelihood tests and multivariate analysis. Results: 25.3% of 184 infants had otitis media with bilateral effusion; 9.2% had unilateral. In infants with otitis media, the following were observed: chronological age of 9.6±1.7 months; gestational age >38 weeks in 43.4% and birth weight >2500g in 48.4%. Otitis media with effusion was associated with winter/fall, artificial feeding, Apgar score <7 and day care attendance. The multivariate analysis showed that artificial feeding is the factor most often associated to otitis media with effusion. Conclusions: Otitis media with effusion was found in about one third of children younger than 1 year and was mainly associated with artificial feeding.


Objetivo: Determinar prevalência de otite média com efusão em menores de um ano e sua associação com estação do ano, aleitamento artificial, fatores ambientais e perinatais. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com 184 prontuários incluídos de forma randomizada dentre 982 lactentes saudáveis avaliados para testes de triagem auditiva. Diagnóstico de otite média com efusão baseou-se em otoscopia (coloração âmbar-ouro, nível líquido, posição do cabo do martelo), curva timpanométrica tipo B e otoemissões acústicas ausentes. Excluíram-se prontuários incompletos ou que descreviam otite média aguda, infecções de vias aéreas superiores no dia da avaliação ou nos últimos três meses, neuropatias e anomalias craniofaciais. Dados como idade gestacional, peso ao nascimento, Apgar, tipo de aleitamento, frequência à creche foram comparados entre crianças com e sem otites com efusão por meio de testes de verossimilhança e análise multivariada. Resultados: 25,3% dos 184 lactentes apresentavam otite média com efusão bilateral; 9,2% unilateral. Nos lactentes com otite média, observou-se idade cronológica 9,6±1,7 meses; idade gestacional >38 semanas em 43,4% e peso ao nascer >2.500g em 48,4%. Otite média com efusão foi associada ao inverno/outono, aleitamento artificial, Índice de Apgar <7 e atendimento à creche. Já a análise multivariada demonstrou que o aleitamento artificial é o fator mais associado à otite média com efusão. Conclusões: A otite média com efusão foi encontrada em cerca de 1/3 dos menores de um ano e principalmente associada ao aleitamento artificial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Risk Factors , Otitis Media with Effusion/diagnosis , Otitis Media with Effusion/epidemiology , Nutritional Support
3.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 86(5): 318-324, oct. 2015. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-771644

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los niños con síndrome de Down (SD) tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad otorrinolaringológica (ORL). Recomendaciones internacionales sugieren realizar tamizaje auditivo precoz y control periódico por especialista. Nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar la enfermedad ORL en niños con SD y proponer una recomendación adaptada a nuestra realidad. Pacientes y método: Estudio transversal, descriptivo, en niños de 6 meses a 15 años con SD. Los datos se obtuvieron por medio de entrevista a los padres y revisión de fichas clínicas. Resultados: Se analizaron 134 pacientes, con una edad promedio de 44,5 meses. El 78,8% de ellos presentaba enfermedad ORL, siendo la más frecuente la rinitis alérgica y otitis con efusión. El tamizaje auditivo estaba alterado en un 25% de ellos, el 50% de los mayores de 3 años con estudio de sueño tenían apnea obstructiva del sueño. Los niños de mayor edad tuvieron estadísticamente mayor frecuencia de enfermedad ORL. Conclusiones: Esta serie muestra una alta frecuencia de enfermedad ORL en niños con SD, lo que refuerza la necesidad de realizar tamizaje auditivo, sospechar e identificar las apneas obstructivas del sueño y derivación rutinaria al especialista para optimización de las condiciones auditivas que permitan el mejor desarrollo del niño con SD.


Introduction: The children with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk of ear-nose-throat (ENT) disorders. International recommendations suggest early hearing screening and periodic specialist evaluation. Our goal was to characterize ENT disorders in children with DS, and propose recommendations for the Chilean population. Patients and method: Cross-sectional, descriptive study, of children with DS, between 6 months and 15 years of age. The data was obtained by a health interview to the parents and review of medical records. Results: We analyzed 134 patients with an average age of 44.5 months. The 78.8% had ENT disorders, the most frequent ENT disorders was allergic rhinitis and otitis media with effusion. Hearing screening was abnormal in a quarter of the patients, 50% of children over 3 years of age had obstructive sleep apnea diagnosed by polysomnogram. Older children had a statistically higher frequency of ENT disorders. Conclusions: This series shows a high rate of ENT disorders in children with DS, which supports recommendations for hearing screening, high suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea and routine referral to an ENT specialist for prevention and aggressive therapy in order to reduce hearing loss and improve development of the child with DS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/epidemiology , Otitis Media with Effusion/epidemiology , Down Syndrome/complications , Rhinitis, Allergic/epidemiology , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/etiology , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/physiopathology , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Polysomnography , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/etiology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/epidemiology , Hearing Loss/epidemiology , Hearing Tests
4.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 20(4): 435-440, jul. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-530392

ABSTRACT

La Otitis Media con Efusión, (OME) es un proceso inflamatorio crónico del espacio del oído medio caracterizado por la acumulación de líquido seroso o mucoide, en ausencia de signos o síntomas de enfermedad aguda como fiebre o dolor. El objetivo del capítulo es presentar una revisión de la evidencia disponible relacionada con la epidemiología, etiología, diagnóstico clínico y tratamientos médicos y quirúrgicos para ayudar en la toma de decisiones frente al paciente.


The Otitis Media with Effusion, (OME) is a chronic inflammatory process of the space of the middle ear, characterized by the accumulation of serous liquid or mucoide secretion, in the absence of signs or symptoms of acute disease like fever or pain. The objective of the chapter is to present a revision of the evidence available related to epidemiology, aetiology, clinical diagnosis and medical and surgical treatments to help in the decision making in front of the patient.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Otitis Media with Effusion/diagnosis , Otitis Media with Effusion/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Otitis Media with Effusion/surgery , Otitis Media with Effusion/epidemiology , Otitis Media with Effusion/drug therapy , Risk Factors
5.
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1263975

ABSTRACT

L'OSM est la cause la plus frequente de surdite acquise de l'enfance. Environ 90des enfants presentent au moins un episode d'OSM avant l'age de 6 ans avec une frequence maximale a l'age de 2 ans. Le developpement de l'OSM peut etre explique par la defaillance d'autres barrieres protectrices (systeme mucociliaire; systeme immunitaire; trompe auditive) qui n'assurent plus de resistance aux bacteries. Le meilleur moyen diagnostic actuel de l'OSM est l'otoscopie pneumatique qui a une sensibilite de 94et une specificite de 80. La tympanometrie sert surtout a documenter l'OSM et a suivre l'evolution. Le traitement de l'OSM ne peut etre envisage que si un benefice persistant et cliniquement significatif est assure par rapport a l'evolution spontanee. Aucun traitement medical n'a fait la preuve de son efficacite. Le traitement deconges- tionnant nasal et les antihistaminiques n'ont montre aucune superiorite par rapport au placebo. Ailleurs; l'indication chirurgicale (ATT) depend de la perte auditive; des symptomes associes; des facteurs de risque au developpement; et de la prevision anticipee du temps de resolution de l'epanchement. Malgre son diagnostic relativement aise; la strategie therapeutique etant controversee. Le traitement n'est justifie que lorsque l'OSM est chronique. L'ATT demeure l'unique traitement efficace. La prevention des causes de l'inflammation est primordiale mais s'avere difficile. Nous nous proposons de resumer les avancees actuelles en epidemiologie; pathogenie; diagnostic et dans la prise en charge de l'OSM


Subject(s)
Humans , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Otitis Media with Effusion/epidemiology , Otitis Media with Effusion , Middle Ear Ventilation
6.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 81(2): 133-138, mar.-abr. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-406507

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a ocorrência e recorrência de secreção na orelha média e os possíveis fatores associados, em 190 recém-nascidos e lactentes observados nos 2 primeiros anos de vida, participantes de um programa de prevenção, detecção e intervenção interdisciplinar desenvolvido na Clínica de Educação para Saúde da Universidade do Sagrado Coração. MÉTODOS: Os recém-nascidos e lactentes foram submetidos mensalmente a anamnese, otoscopia, avaliação audiológica comportamental por meio de instrumentos sonoros e tons puros (audiometria pediátrica) e timpanometria. RESULTADOS: Os resultados revelaram que 68,4 por cento dos lactentes apresentaram um ou mais episódios de secreção na orelha média nos 2 primeiros anos, com maior recorrência para o sexo masculino. A idade de maior ocorrência foi entre 4 e 12 meses. Quanto mais cedo ocorreu o primeiro episódio, maior foi a probabilidade de recorrência. Os meses do ano de maior incidência foram de maio a agosto. Das variáveis estudadas, constatou-se que o período de aleitamento materno exclusivo atuou como um fator protetor. Quanto aos fatores de risco, verificou-se que a presença tabagismo passivo, refluxo gastroesofágico, alergia respiratória esteve relacionada à recorrência de efusão. CONCLUSAO: Os achados revelaram a importância do acompanhamento auditivo periódico para lactentes nos 2 primeiros anos de vida, considerando ser o período crítico para o processo de maturação do sistema auditivo, no qual privações sensoriais auditivas podem ser responsáveis por seqüelas para o desenvolvimento de fala e linguagem.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Ear, Middle , Otitis Media with Effusion/epidemiology , Acoustic Impedance Tests , Breast Feeding , Brazil/epidemiology , Longitudinal Studies , Otoscopy , Otitis Media with Effusion/diagnosis , Recurrence , Sex Distribution
7.
J Postgrad Med ; 2004 Jul-Sep; 50(3): 173-8; discussion 178-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-117194

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hearing loss is a prevalent and significant disability that impairs functional development and educational attainment of school children in developing countries. Lack of a simple and practical screening protocol often deters routine and systematic hearing screening at school entry. AIM: To identify predictors of hearing loss for a practical screening model in school-aged children. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Community-based, retrospective case-control study of school entrants in an inner city. METHODS: Results from the audiologic and non-audiologic examination of 50 hearing impaired children in randomly selected mainstream schools were compared with those of a control group of 150 normal hearing children, matched for age and sex from the same population. The non-audiologic evaluation consisted of medical history, general physical examination, anthropometry, motor skills, intelligence and visual acuity while the audiologic assessment consisted of otoscopy, audiometry and tympanometry. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Multiple logistic regression analysis of significant variables derived from univariate analysis incorporating student t-test and chi-square. RESULTS: Besides parental literacy (OR:0.3; 95% CI:0.16-0.68), non-audiologic variables showed no association with hearing loss. In contrast, most audiologic indicators, enlarged nasal turbinate (OR:3.3; 95% CI:0.98-11.31), debris or foreign bodies in the ear canal (OR:5.4; 95% CI:1.0-36.03), impacted cerumen (OR:6.2; 95% CI:2.12-14.33), dull tympanic membrane (OR:2.2; 95% CI:1.10-4.46), perforated ear drum (OR:24.3; 95% CI:2.93-1100.17) and otitis media with effusion OME (OR:14.2; 95% CI:6.22-33.09), were associated with hearing loss. However, only parental literacy (OR:0.3; 95% CI:0.16-0.69), impacted cerumen (OR:4.0; 95% CI:1.66-9.43) and OME (OR:11.0; 95% CI:4.74-25.62) emerged as predictors. CONCLUSION: Selective screening based on the identification of impacted cerumen and OME will facilitate the detection of a significant proportion of hearing impaired school entrants.


Subject(s)
Case-Control Studies , Cerumen , Child , Child, Preschool , Developing Countries , Educational Status , Female , Hearing Loss/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Mass Screening , Nigeria/epidemiology , Otitis Media with Effusion/epidemiology , Parents , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
8.
São Paulo; s.n; 2003. [80] p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-409004

ABSTRACT

Foi realizado um estudo coorte para avaliar a incidência e a evolução da otite média secretora nas crianças do Grupo de Estudos de Síndrome de Down do Ambulatório da Divisão de Clínica Otorrinolaringológica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Das 73 crianças avaliadas, 50 (68,5 por cento) foram selecionadas para análise da incidência e 33 (31,5 por cento) para a evolução. A otite média secretora foi observada em 56 por cento das crianças, não sendo notada diferença entre os sexos, a presença de obstrução de via aérea superior e estenose do meato acústico externo. Foram observados baixa eficácia do tratamento clínico, dificuldade cirúrgica em 26,1 por cento das crianças e resolução da otite em 50 por cento das crianças submetidas adenoidectomia ou adenotonsilectomia associada ou não a colocação de tubo de ventilação.A cohort study was performed to evaluate the incidence and the effects of treatment of secretory otitis media in children from the Down's Syndrome Study Group of the Otolaryngologic Department of the Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo Medical School. Fifty (68,5 per cent) of 73 children were used to the incidence evaluation and 33 (31,5 per cent) were followed-up for evolution analisys. The disorder was observed in 56 per cent of the children. Sex, upper airway obstruction and stenotic external auditory canal showed no statistical relationship with the incidence of the secretory otitis media. Low success rates of clinical treatment, 26,1 per cent of failed tympanostomy tube insertion and 50 per cent of effusion resolution after adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy in association with or without placement of tympanostomy tube were observed...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Clinical Evolution , Otitis Media with Effusion/surgery , Otitis Media with Effusion/epidemiology , Down Syndrome/complications , Adenoidectomy/methods , Adenoids/pathology , Cohort Studies , Ear Canal , Middle Ear Ventilation/methods
9.
Tanaffos. 2002; 1 (3): 25-8
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-61055

ABSTRACT

Serous otitis is due to eustachian tube dysfunction and accumulation of fluid in the middle ear cavity. Otitis media with effusion [OME] is common among children and can cause hearing loss. Smoking is a common predisposing factor of this condition. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effects of smoking on the prevalence of OME among children residing in urban area of Tehran between 1996 and 1998. This cross-sectional study performed on 3833 pre-school and school-aged children which their age ranged from 2 to 11 years. Children were examined with pneumatic otoscope and tympanometry was performed; meanwhile, their parents were asked to complete a questionnaire. The incidence of OME was 9.1% and 14.1% in pre-school and school-aged children; respectively, and was higher among children with smoker parents. Parental smoking is a preventable predisposing factor for OME; meanwhile, there are significant statistical differences between healthy and sick children regarding their parents pack-years smoking


Subject(s)
Humans , Otitis Media with Effusion/epidemiology , Parents , Risk Factors , Otitis Media with Effusion/etiology , Child
11.
Pakistan Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1998; 14 (2): 35-7
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-119327

ABSTRACT

Otitis media with effusion [OME] in Pakistani children is a controversial subject. Tympanometry and acoustic reflex test performed in 189 children of Baluchistan in the age range of 2-10 years has revealed 13.49% of the ears having type B [5.29%] and type C [8.20%] patterns suggestive of otitis media with effusion and Eustachian tube dysfunction. Preliminary otoscopy performed in 297 children revealed tympanic membrane with signs of middle ear effusion in 22.48% of the ears. Acoustic reflex response was absent in 18 [9.52%] of the ears. Abnormal middle ear pressure [MEP] in 42 [11.1%] and physical volume [PV] in 13 [4.3%] of the ears was observed. Prevalence of OME in children Baluchistan with its possible contributory factors are discussed


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Otitis Media with Effusion/epidemiology , Deafness/etiology , Acoustic Impedance Tests
12.
J. bras. med ; 73(5/6): 82-92, nov.-dez.1997. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-560027

ABSTRACT

A otite média secretora pode ser assintomática, especialmente em crianças que conseguem expressar suas queixas com freqüência. A prevalência de otite média secretora foi estimada em 22,82 por cento em estudo feito em Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, mediante a aplicação de questionários aos responsáveis pelas crianças que apresentaram quadro compatível com otite média secretora. A análise da anamnese junto ao exame físico mostrou que na maioria dos casos estava presente infecção do ouvido médio de repetição (68,9 por cento do total). A relação entre este fato e atopia foi de 55,1 por cento, enquanto que a relação com obstrução mecânica das vias aéreas superiores foi de 27,5 por cento. Achou-se atopia isoladamente em 65,5 por cento dos casos e associada com processos obstrutivos em 31 por cento. Obstrução mecânica à respiração foi detectada em 51,7 por cento dos casos e houve concomitância de infecção de repetição, atopia e obstrução na proporção de 24,1 por cento. Os fatores de risco mais atuantes foram alergia e obstrução mecânica de vias aéreas superiores, que nos parecem ser a base para a existência de infecção de repetição e otite média secretora.


Secretory medium otitis may be asymptomatic, specially in young chldren. The prevalence of secretory medium otits has been estimated at 22,82% in our study. Children who presented with signs and symptoms of otits were given questionnaires for their parents to answer. Physical examination depicted middle ear infection in 68,9% o cases. 55,1% of the patients had atopy while another 27,5% had mechanical high airways obstruction combined with middle ear infection. Atopy was present in 65,5% of the cases, although it was also combined of obstructive processes in 31% of the cases. Mechanical obstruction was present in 51,7% of cases and 24,1% of the patients had relapsing infection, atopy and obstruction together. The most important factors for the development of relapsing infections and secretory medium otits in our study have been allergy and mechanical high airways obstruction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Otitis Media with Effusion/classification , Otitis Media with Effusion/epidemiology , Otitis Media with Effusion/etiology , Otitis Media with Effusion/physiopathology , Prevalence , Haemophilus influenzae/pathogenicity , Moraxella catarrhalis/pathogenicity , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/pathogenicity , Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus pneumoniae/pathogenicity
13.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 28(4): 287-93, jul.-ago. 1989. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-80938

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio en el seminternado de primaria "Conrado Benítez García", del municipio Guantánamo, con el objetivo de conocer la incidencia de la otitis media crónica secretoria en 600 alumnos de primero a cuarto grado. Se da a conocer la relación existente entre la edad y el sexo del universo estudiado y se precisan los síntomas y resultados otoscópicos y timpanométricos. Se emiten conclusiones y recomendaciones, se realizaron pruebas de hipótesis y se anexaron sus resultados. Se incluyen tablas estadísticas


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Male , Female , Otitis Media with Effusion/epidemiology
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