Agenesia del páncreas dorsal: reporte de caso y revisión del tema / Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas: case report and topic review

Complete agenesis of the dorsal pancreas (ADP) is an exceedingly rare congenital anomaly, compatible with life. It may be asymptomatic and usually incidentally diagnosed. In symptomatic cases, the clinical manifestations vary from abdominal pain, pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus to exocrine insufficiency with steatorrhea. We present a case report of a 28 year old female with ADP, diagnosed incidentally during radiological evaluation for hyperglycemias in SARS COV2 concomitant affection. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography confirmed the absence of, neck, body and tail of the pancreas. Knowing the pancreatic embryogenesis, the clinical presentation of their malformations and the main radiological characteristics is important for the proper diagnosis of these anomalies.

Pancreatitis recurrente en pediatría: serie de casos / Recurrent pancreatitis in children: Case series

La pancreatitis recurrente (PR) ocurre en el 15-36 % de las pancreatitis agudas, en la edad pediátrica. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, para determinar la etiología y la evolución en menores de 18 años con diagnóstico de PR entre 2008-2016 en el Hospital Garrahan. Se incluyeron 10 pacientes, el 90 % de sexo femenino. La mediana de edad fue de 11 años. La mediana del número de episodios fue de nueve. La ecografía abdominal y/o la colangioresonancia iniciales mostraron hallazgos patológicos en cuatro pacientes. De los seis pacientes con estudios iniciales normales, tres desarrollaron signos de pancreatitis crónica (PC), uno con estenosis del Wirsung sugestiva de pancreatitis autoinmune. El 40 % de los pacientes tuvo diagnóstico etiológico. En el seguimiento, tres pacientes con pancreatitis idiopática desarrollaron PC. Los factores genéticos podrían jugar un papel en los casos considerados idiopáticos.

Recurrent pancreatitis (RP) occurs in children between 15-35 % of the cases. To determine the etiology and outcome of RP in children a descriptive, cross-sectional cohort study was conducted in children under 18 years of age with RP seen at Hospital Garrahan between 2008-2016. Of 10 patients with RP, 90 % were girls. Median age of the diagnoses of RP was 11. Median number of episodes was 9. Initial abdominal ultrasonography and/or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography were abnormal in four patients. Of six patients with normal studies at onset, three developed signs of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and one stenosis of the duct of Wirsung suggestive of autoimmune pancreatitis. In 40 % of our patients, the etiology was determined. On follow-up, three patients with idiopathic pancreatitis developed CP. Genetic factors may play a role in patients considered to have idiopathic pancreatitis.

Una actualización de pancreatitis crónica: artículo de revisión / Update on chronic pancreatitis: review article

La pancreatitis crónica es una enfermedad fibro-inflamatoria progresiva del páncreas caracterizada por la fibrosis irreversible de la glándula con el eventual fallo de las funciones exocrinas y endocrinas. Las características distintivas de la enfermedad son el dolor abdominal, la malabsorción, la desnutrición, la diabetes mellitus y las calcificaciones pancreáticas. En muchos pacientes el origen de esta enfermedad se debe a una compleja mezcla de factores ambientales (por ejemplo, alcohol, cigarrillos y productos químicos en el trabajo), factores genéticos y en algunos casos origen hereditario o autoinmune. El manejo incluye enfoques médico, endoscópico y quirúrgico con la necesidad de la interacción entre diversas especialidades para dar un enfoque multidisciplinario coordinado. Esta revisión ofrece una visión general de los estudios recientes resumiendo la epidemiología, etiología, fisiopatología, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad.

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive fibro-inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by irreversible fibrosis of the gland with eventual failure of exocrine and endocrine functions and hallmark features of abdominal pain, malabsorption, malnutrition, diabetes mellitus and pancreatic calcifications. In many patients this disease results from a complex mix of environmental (eg, alcohol, cigarettes, and occupational chemicals), genetic factors and a few patients with hereditary or autoimmune disease. The management includes medical, endoscopic and surgical approaches with the need for interaction between various specialties, calling for a concerted multidisciplinary approach. This review provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the studies summarizing the epidemiology, etiology, physiopatology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatments of the disease.

Pancreatitis, genes y autotrasplante de islotes: actualizaciones y nuevos horizontes / Pancreatitis, genes and islet cells auto transplant: updates and new horizons

La pancreatitis es una inflamación del páncreas que puede progresar de una presentación aguda, a una presentación aguda recurrente y eventualmente a pancreatitis crónica, caracterizada por cambios morfológicos y formación de cicatriz los cuales son irreversibles. La entidad conocida como pancreatitis hereditaria ha sido reconocida en la literatura por años y ciertamente el hallazgo del gen PRSS1 en 1996 marcó el inicio de una era de descubrimientos genéticos asociados a dicha enfermedad. Desde entonces, múltiples genes han sido descritos como causa de pancreatitis hereditaria o modificadores de la enfermedad, entre los que se destacan el PRSS1, SPINK1, CFTR, CASR, CTRC, CLDN2 y CPA1 entre otros. La selección de pacientes a la que se le va a practicar los estudios genéticos correspondientes debe ser guiada por las recomendaciones de los expertos y debe cumplir con los criterios correspondientes. El tratamiento, una vez hecho el diagnóstico, debe ser adaptado en base a las necesidades particulares de cada paciente. Ciertamente, el advenimiento de la pancreatectomía total con auto trasplante, cuyo principal objetivo es aliviar el dolor ocasionado por la pancreatitis crónica a la vez que se reduce la severidad de la diabetes inducida por la pancreatectomía, es una alternativa atractiva en el tratamiento y manejo de pacientes con diagnóstico de pancreatitis hereditaria. Sin embargo, estrictos criterios y un manejo interdisciplinario son esenciales ya que éste es un procedimiento irreversible y tiene consecuencias médicas por el resto de la vida que todo paciente tiene que conocer y que a su vez, el equipo médico debe saber identificar y tratar a tiempo. Sin embargo, existen muchas áreas potenciales en este campo para investigaciones que sean mayores, mejores y a la vanguardia para lograr un mejor entendimiento y desarrollar potenciales curas para esta enfermedad

Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can progress from an acute presentation to an acute recurring presentation and eventually to chronic pancreatitis, which is characterized by irreversible morphological changes and scarring of the pancreas. The entity known as hereditary pancreatitis has been recognized in the literature for years and certainly the discovery of the PRSS1 gene in 1996 marked the beginning of a new era of genetic discoveries associated with the disease. Since then, multiple genes have been described as the causing agents of pancreatitis or disease modifiers, some of the most important ones being the PRSS1, SPINK1, CFTR, CASR, CTRC, CLDN2, and CPA1. The patient selection process for genetic testing should be guided by the current experts’ recommendations and should meet specific corresponding criteria. Once the diagnosis has been made, treatment should be tailored to each patient’s particular needs. Certainly, the advent of the total pancreatectomy with auto islet cell transplantation, which has the main goal to improve the pain caused by the chronic pancreatitis and simultaneously reduce the severity of the pancreatectomy induced diabetes, is an attractive alternative in the treatment and management of patient with a diagnosis of hereditary pancreatitis. However, strict criteria and an interdisciplinary management are essential since this surgery is irreversible and carries lifetime health consequences that all patients must be aware of and the medical team must be able to early recognize these and treat accordingly. However, there are many potential areas in this field for more, better and forefront research to be developed aiming for a better understanding of the disease process and for the development of a cure

¿Es la pancreatitis crónica una enfermedad rara en Chile?: ¿Subdiagnóstico, baja prevalencia o ambos? / Chronic pancreatitis: retrospective review of 121 cases

Background: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a rare disease in Chile, without a clear explanation for this low prevalence. Aim: To analyze the characteristics of our patients with pancreatitis. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of a database of patients with pancreatitis of a clinical hospital. Morphological proof of diagnosis (calcifications/calculi, alterations of ducts, local complication or histology) was obtained for every patient. History of acute pancreatitis was recorded and exocrine-endocrine function was assessed. Results: We retrieved information of 121 patients with pancreatitis (86 males) in a period of 20 years. The number of cases increased markedly every five years. The calculated incidence and prevalence was 0.8/100,000/year and 6/100,000, respectively. Pancreatic calcifications were initially observed in 93 patients and became evident during the follow-up in another six patients. Severe pain or local complications occurred in 27 patients, requiring surgery in 10 or endoscopic treatment in 15. During the years of follow-up, 55 patients were free of symptoms. Exocrine and endocrine insufficiency was demonstrated and treated in 81 and 67 patients, respectively. Alcoholic etiology was evident in 40% of patients. In 29% no etiology was identified. Mapuche origin was exceptional. Conclusions: Late diagnosis of CP is common, since most of our patients presented with advanced stages. Even though CP is increasingly diagnosed in our hospitals, the number of cases is still far fewer when compared to other countries. Underdiagnosis alone cannot explain this difference and genetic factors might be of importance.

Guía de práctica clínica para el uso de ultrasonido endoscópico en pancreatitis crónica, lesiones quísticas y sólidas del páncreas en adultos / Clinical practice guideline for the use of endoscopic ultrasound in chronic pancreatitis, solid and cystic lesions of pancreas in adults

Objetivo: brindar una guía de práctica clínica con la evidencia más reciente para el uso de ultrasonido endoscópico en pancreatitis crónica y lesiones quísticas y sólidas en adultos, la cual está dirigida a pacientes, personal asistencial, administrativo y entes gubernamentales de los servicios de atención en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: esta guía fue desarrollada por un equipo multidisciplinario con apoyo de la Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología, el Grupo Cochrane ITS y el Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se desarrollaron preguntas clínicas relevantes y se realizó la búsqueda de guías nacionales e internacionales en bases de datos especializadas. Las guías existentes fueron evaluadas en términos de calidad y aplicabilidad; ninguna de ellas cumplió con el criterio de adaptación, por lo que se decidió construir una guía de novo. El Grupo Cochrane realizó la búsqueda sistemática de la literatura. Las tablas de evidencia y recomendaciones fueron realizadas con base en la metodología GRADE. Las recomendaciones de la guía fueron socializadas en una reunión de expertos con entes gubernamentales y pacientes. Resultados: se desarrolló una guía de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia para el uso del ultrasonido endoscópico en pancreatitis crónica y lesiones quísticas y sólidas en adultos en Colombia, con recomendaciones específicas para la utilización de USE. Conclusiones: el adecuado uso del ultrasonido endoscópico permitirá el diagnóstico oportuno de lesiones del páncreas en pacientes colombianos, lo que llevará a mejorar su pronóstico.

Objective: To provide an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the use of endoscopic ultrasound in chronic pancreatitis, solid and cystic lesions of pancreas in adults which can be used by patients, caregivers, administrative and government bodies at all levels of care in Colombia. Materials and Methods: This guide was developed by a multidisciplinary team with the support of the Colombian Association of Gastroenterology, Cochrane STI Group and Clinical Research Institute of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Relevant clinical questions were developed and the search for national and international guidelines in databases was performed. Existing guidelines were evaluated for quality and applicability. None of the guidelines met the criteria for adaptation, so the group decided to develop a de novo guideline. Systematic literature searches were conducted by the Cochrane Group. The tables of evidence and recommendations were made based on the GRADE methodology. The recommendations of the guide were socialized in a meeting of experts with government agencies and patients. Results: An evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines for the screening of colorectal cancer was developed for the Colombian context. Conclusions: The opportune detection of colon cancer would have an impact of the disease in Colombia.

Are Serum Immunoglobulin and Tumor Marker Helpful in Differentiating Autoimmune Pancreatitis from Pancreatobiliary Malignancies? / 대한소화기학회지

No abstract available.

Cambios endosonográficos en la glándula pancreática proximales y distales a una lesión tumoral de cabeza, cuello y cuerpo / Eus changes on the pancreatic gland proximal and distal to a tumor

El ultrasonido endoscópico es uno de los métodos con mayor sensibilidad para detectar cambios en el parénquima pancreático. No se han publicado estudios donde se describan los cambios pancreáticos observados proximales al tumor, los cuales podrían estar en relación al origen del mismo; sin embargo, los cambios post-tumorales por obstrucción del conducto de Wirsung si están descritos en la literatura. Objetivo: Describir los cambios observados por ecoendoscopia en el páncreas antes y después de la lesión tumoral. Metodología: Se evaluaron retrospectivamente videos de 36 pacientes a quienes se les realizó eco endoscopia superior con diagnóstico de cáncer de páncreas, los cuales acudieron entre Enero a Diciembre 2009, fueron excluidos pacientes con lesiones en proceso uncinado y cola del páncreas por no mostrar cambios pre y post tumorales. Las imágenes fueron interpretadas de acuerdo a patrones ya establecidos. Los datos fueron vaciados en tablas y analizados en porcentajes. Resultados: 18 pacientes presentaron cáncer en la cabeza del páncreas, 12 en el cuello y 6 en el cuerpo. De los cambios evidenciados proximales al tumor, una mayoría presentó pancreatopatía areolar 58%, (21): leve 4, moderada 10 y severa 7; seguidos de esteatosis pancreática 33% (12): homogénea 2, heterogénea 10; y con páncreas normal 9% (3). Los cambios post-tumorales observados fueron 94% pancreatitis obstructiva tumoral, y 6% tenían un páncreas normal. Conclusión: Es posible que la presencia de pancreatopatia areolar crónica y esteatosis pudiesen estar en relación con el desarrollo del cáncer pancreático. Se confirmó la presencia de pancreatitis obstructiva tumoral distal a las lesiones en la mayoría de los pacientes.

Endoscopic ultrasound is one of the most sensitive methods to detect changes in the pancreatic parenchyma. There have been no publish studies that describe changes observed proximal to the pancreatic tumor, which could be related to the origin of it, unlike the post-tumor changes by pancreatic duct obstruction, which are described in the literature. Objective: To describe the observed changes in the pancreas by EUS before and after the tumor. Methodology: We retrospectively evaluated videos of 36 patients who underwent upper endoscopy eco diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, they were received between January and December 2009, there were excluded patients with lesions in the uncinate process and tail of the pancreas, because they did not show change pre and post tumor. The images were interpreted according to established patterns. The data were emptied in tables and analyzed by percentages. Results: 18 patients had cancer of the head of the pancreas, 12 in the neck and 6 in the body. Evidenced changes proximal to the tumor, a majority showed areolar pancreatopathy 58% (21): 4 mild, 10 moderate and 7 severe; followed by pancreatic steatosis 33% (12): 2 homogeneous,10 heterogeneous, and 9% (3) normal pancreas. The observed post-tumor changes were obstructive tumoral pancreatitis 94% and 6% had a normal pancreas. Conclusion: It is possible that the presence of chronic areolar pancreatopathy could be related to the development of pancreatic cancer. We confirmed the presence of malignant obstructive pancreatitis distal to lesion in most patients.

Manejo médico y endoscópico de pancreatitis ascaridiana aguda en niños / Medical and endoscopic managment of acute pancreatitis ascariasis in children

La migración errática de los áscaris hacia vías biliares, vesícula biliar y conducto pancreático puede ocasionar la obstrucción de esas estructuras, manifestándose como cólico biliar, colecistitis alitiásica, colangitis, pancreatitis aguda y absceso hepático. Objetivo: reportar el manejo clínico y endoscópico de pacientes con pancreatitis ascaridiana. Pacientes y Método: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de pacientes con Pancreatitis Aguda, se revisa cuadro clínico, datos epidemiológicos, etiología, exámenes paraclínicos, ultrasonido y terapia médica. Resultados: 10/34 (29,41%) con Pancreatitis Aguda por Áscaris lumbricoides; edad promedio 6,3 años, antecedente de expulsión de vermes por boca (60,00%). El dolor abdominal y vómitos en el 100%, con elevación de amilasa y lipasa. Ecografía abdominal: aumento de volumen de páncreas, vermes en vías biliares y colédoco en 100%, 4/10 (40,00%) absceso hepático y 1/10 (10,00%) pseudoquiste pancreático. Se realizo la remoción de ovillo de áscaris en duodeno por endoscopia a 5/10(50,00%), utilizando pinza de cuerpos extraño y 3/5(60,00%) para vermes impactado en papila, papilotomía mínima con extracción. Se indico Albendazol por 5 días. Conclusión: en todo niño con dolor abdominal y vómitos, se deben realizar pruebas de funcionalismo pancreático y ultrasonido abdominal para descartar pancreatitis. En la pancreatitis ascaridiana el Albendazol resulto ser una terapia satisfactoria.

The migration of Ascaris erratic to bile ducts, gallbladder and pancreatic duct can cause obstruction of these structures, manifesting as biliary colic, acalculous cholecystitis, cholangitis, acute pancreatitis and liver abscesses. Objective: To report the clinical and endoscopic ascariasis pancreatitis. Patients and Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study of patients with acute pancreatitis, we review the clinical, epidemiological, etiology, laboratory test results, ultrasound and medical therapy. Results: 10/34 (29.41%) with acute pancreatitis caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, mean age 6.3 years, history of expulsion of worms by mouth (60.00%). Abdominal pain and vomiting in 100%, with elevation of amylase and lipase. Abdominal ultrasound enlargement of the pancreas, worms in bile ducts and bile duct in 100%,%), 4/10 (40.00%), hepatic abscess and 1/10 (10.00%) pancreatic pseudocyst. Removal was performed ascaris ball of the duodenum by endoscopy at 5/10 (50.00%), using foreign body forceps and 3/5 (60.00%) for worms impacted papilla use papillotomy minimum. Albendazole is indicated for 5 days. Conclusion: In all children with abdominal pain and vomiting, should be performed pancreatic function tests and abdominal ultrasound to rule out pancreatitis. In pancreatitis ascariasis Albendazole therapy was found to be satisfactory.

Correlación citomorfológica de la imagen ecoendoscópica en pancreatopatía areolar con nuevos hallazgos por punción aspiración con aguja fina / Cytomorphologic correlation of the echoendoscopic image in areolar pancreatopathy with new findings by fine needle aspiration

La pancreatitis crónica es un proceso inflamatorio caracterizado por la destrucción del parénquima pancreático y de estructuras ductales con la formación de fibrosis. El Ultrasonido endoscópico (USE) permite la visualización de cambios en el parénquima y del conducto pancreático, permitiendo la identificación de criterios específicos para pancreatitis crónica en forma temprana. Objetivo: Correlacionar cito morfológicamente los cambios de la ecoestructura del páncreas en patrones areolares con áreas hiper e hipoecogénicas y los cambios cito-histológicos obtenidos por punción con aguja fina sugestivos de pancreatitis crónica, fibrosis y/o esteatosis. Método: Se incluyeron 8 pacientes, a quienes se les realizó USE superior presentando criterios de pancreatopatia crónica areolar leve a severa. Se realizó punción aspiración por aguja fina de las áreas hiperecogenicas e hipoecogénicas siendo procesadas con coloraciones especiales rápidas y estudio de bloque celular, en forma ciega, por separado, para su estudio cito-histológico. Los datos fueron vaciados en tablas y analizados en porcentajes. Resultados: Los cambios más frecuentes en las áreas hiperecogenicas fueron la presencia de infiltrado inflamatorio, fibrosis, calcificaciones, esteatosis y hemorragia. No hubo diferencias en cuanto a la presencia de detritus, necrosis grasa ni material proteináceo. En los tipos celulares no pareciera haber diferencias, sin embargo, se observaron células acinares en mayor proporción, seguidas ductales y ocasionalmente de islotes, en su mayoría con cambios reactivos y degenerativos moderados. Conclusión: Existen cambios reactivos demostrados por cito-histología en pacientes con pancreatopatía de patrones areolares en USE que sugieren inflamación y fibrosis crónica, debiendo realizarse estudios con mayor población para establecer grados de severidad.

Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammatory process characterized by the destruction of pancreatic parenchyma and ductal structures with the formation of fibrosis. Endoscopic Ultrasound (USE) allows the visualization of changes in the parenchyma and pancreatic duct, allowing the identification of specific criteria for chronic pancreatitis early. Objective: Correlate cyto morphologically the changes of the echoestructure of the pancreas in areolar patterns with hyper and hypoechoic areas and cyto-histological changes obtained by fine needle aspiration suggestive of chronic pancreatitis, fibrosis and/ or steatosis. Method: Were included 8 patients who underwent upper USE presenting criteria of areolar chronic pancreatopathy mild to severe. A fine needle aspiration of the hyperechoic and hypoechoic areas was performed and processed with special fast colorations and cell block study, in a blind way, separately, for the cytohistological study. Data were emptied into tables and analyzed in percentages. Results: The most frequent changes in hyperechoic areas were the presence of inflammatory infiltrate, fibrosis, calcification, steatosis and bleeding. There were no differences in the presence of detritus, fat necrosis and proteinaceous material. In cell types do not seems to be differences, however, acinar cells were observed in greater proportion, followed by ductal and occasionally islet, mostly with moderate reactive and degenerative changes. Conclusion: There are reactive changes demonstrated by cytohistology in patients with pancreatopathy in areolar patterns in USE suggesting chronic inflammation and fibrosis, studies with larger populations should be conducted to establish degrees of severity.

Disección mucosal endoscópica de cáncer gástrico en paciente con poliposis colonica / Endoscopic mucosal dissection of gastric cancer in patient with colonic polyposis

La disección mucosal endoscópica (DME), surge a partir de la resección mucosal endoscópica (RME), permitiendo resecar lesiones malignas en estadio precoz, logrando tasas de curación de hasta el 99%, disminuyendo la morbi-mortalidad de la cirugía tradicional. Es importante la obtención de la pieza de forma completa, ya que de esta manera, el patólogo podrá informar los márgenes de la lesión en extensión y profundidad. Caso clínico: Se trata de paciente masculino de 40 años de edad, valorado por nuestro servicio (agosto 2009) por clínica de 4 meses de evolución, dado por cambios en el patrón evacuatorio (evacuaciones diarreicas) y rectorragia. Consulta a especialista, el cual realiza colonoscopia con hallazgo de tumor en recto medio, con biopsia positiva para Adenocarcinoma, por lo que refieren a nuestro centro. Antecedentes personales y familiares: no contributorios. Se realizó gastroscopia la cual reporta: Lesión en cara anterior de antro, elevada, fondo ulcerado, deprimido, amputación de pliegues; se concluye: Ca. Gástrico Precoz IIc. Ultrasonido Endoscópico: Engrosamiento de la mucosa y muscular de la mucosa en antro. Cara posterior. Biopsia: Sin atipias. Colonoscopia: Tu recto bajo. Poliposis colonica. Ultrasonido endoscópico transrectal: Tu. Recto bajo uT2N1. Biopsia: Adenocarcinoma Moderadamente diferenciado. En vista de las características de la lesión gástrica, se decide realizar disección mucosal endoscópica, cuya biopsia que reporta: Carcinoma intramucoso precoz, bordes de resección libres de lesión. Paciente recibe tratamiento oncológico neo-adyuvante y posteriormente se realiza ileoprocto anastomosis. Evolución actual satisfactoria. Discusión: La apariencia endoscópica de las lesiones juega un papel importante en la conducta a seguir por el médico y es clave al momento de plantearse la realización de DME, ya que es un procedimiento que conlleva riesgos y tiene indicaciones especificas, para obtener así los resultados planteados...

Endoscopic mucosal dissection (DME), arises from endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), allowing resection malignant lesions in early stage, achieving cure rates of up to 99%, decreasing morbidity and mortality of traditional surgery. It is important to obtain the piece completely, as this way, the pathologist may report the margins of the lesion extent and depth. Case report: This male patient aged 40 years, valued for our service (August 2009) by clinical evolution of 4 months, changes in the pattern of voiding (bowel diarrhea) and bleeding rectal. Consulting specialist, performed colonoscopy finding means is rectal tumor, with positive biopsy for adenocarcinoma, so refer to our center. Personal and family history: no contributory. Gastroscopy was performed which reported: Injury anterior antrum, high background ulcerated, depressed, amputation of folds, it is concluded: IIc early gastric Ca. Endoscopic Ultrasound: Thickening of the mucosa and muscle of the antral mucosa. Posterior. Biopsy: No atypia. Colonoscopy: tu. lower rectum. Colonic polyposis. Transrectal endoscopic ultrasound: Tu. UT2N1 lower rectum. Biopsy: moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Given the characteristics of gastric injury is endoscopic submucosal dissection dedide perform, with biopsy reports: early intramucosal carcinoma, resection margins free of injury. patient receives Neoadjuvant cancer treatment and subsequently coloproctoanastomosis. Current developments satisfactory. Discussion: The endoscopic appearance of lesions plays an important role in the conduct to be followed by the doctor and is key to consider when conducting DME because it is a procedure that carries risks and has specific indications for and results obertener raised...

Pancreatite crônica / Chronic pancreatitis

A pancreatite crônica se caracteriza pela inflamação sustentada e substituição progressiva do parênquima pancreático por fibrose e calcificações. Clinicamente se manifesta por episódios de dor abdominal intensa, síndrome de má absorção e diabetes mellitus secundário. Em nosso país, o alcoolismo persiste como principal causa, porém a contribuição de outras formas de pancreatite crônica, particularmente as de causa genética, é reconhecida cada vez mais. O diagnóstico é, por vezes, difícil e requer a combinação de uma série de exames laboratoriais, radiológicos e endoscópicos, cuja sensibilidade e a especificidade variam amplamente de acordo com o estágio clínico em que se encontra a doença, sendo fundamental a formulação de adequadas hipóteses diagnósticas. O tratamento da insuficiência exócrina se baseia na reposição de enzimas pancreáticas exógenas, descartando-se doenças associadas que possam agravar a má absorção. O tratamento da dor é difícil, envolvendo profissionais da área clínica, endoscopistas, radiologistas e cirurgiões, uma vez que as decisões terapêuticas trazem importantes repercussões para a vida do paciente. Os pseudocistos, complicações habituais da pancreatite crônica, também são de tratamento multimodal, sendo importante conhecer a melhor forma de tratá-los de acordo com as características do paciente e as características da própria lesão no contexto da história natural da pancreatite crônica de cada indivíduo.

Pancreatite crônica hereditária: relato de caso / Chronic hereditary pancreatitis: case report

A pancreatite crônica hereditária é definida como uma doença autossômica dominante rara caracterizada porepisódios recorrentes de pancreatite aguda em dois ou mais membros de várias gerações da família. A maioriados pacientes possui mutações nos genes PRSS1, SPINK1 ou CFTR. Relata-se o caso de uma paciente com um quadro agudo de pancreatite secundário a um processo crônico calcificado subjacente, em que na investigação familiar seis membros já haviamapresentado episódios de pancreatite. A pesquisa das alterações genéticas características não foi possível porlimitações do serviço.

Chronic hereditary pancreatitis is defined as a rare autossomic dominant disease, characterized by recurrentepisodes of acute pancreattis in two or more members of several familiar generations. Most of these patientspresent mutation on genes PRSS1, SPINK1 or CFTR. It’s reported the case of a patient with an acute episodeof pancreatitis secondary to a chronic calcified underlying process, in which six cases of history of previous episodesof pancreatitis were found, through familiar investigation. The screening for genetic alterations was not possibledue to the lack of resources of the heath care service.

Clinical Characteristics of Chronic Pancreatitis according to the History of Pancreatitis / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized clinically by a broad spectrum of variable features depending on many factors such as etiology, stage of the disease, and the presence of local complications. The aims of this study were to investigate the clinical aspect of CP and to analyze the characteristics according to the history of pancreatitis. METHODS: Eighty nine medical records from the patients who were diagnosed as CP at Korea University Ansan Hospital from January 1997 through December 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. After patients were divided into two groups according to the previous history of pancreatitis: the group I (n=34, no history of pancreatitis) and II (n=43, history of pancreatitis more than once), the clinical characteristics of two groups were compared. RESULTS: The mean age was 50+/-13.2 years and the male to female ratio was 5:1. Alcohol was the cause of CP in 71.9%, and 23.6% had no evident cause. Age (53.4+/-15.5 vs. 46.2+/-11.5, p=0.021), etiology (idiopathic 41.2% vs. 11.6%, p=0.004), and the presence of abdominal pain (73.5% vs. 100%, p=0.030) were significantly different between group I and II. However, in comparison of other factors that reflected the advanced stage of CP such as presence of pancreatic calcification, complications, and Cambridge grade on ERCP, there was no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Since CP which present, as the first manifestation shows much an advanced stage, the method for early diagnosis of CP is particularly needed.

Pancreaticogastrostomy in cases of chronic pancreatitis: a preliminary study.

Pancreaticogastrostomy is a less known operation for drainage. In this series pancreaticogastrostomy was done in 37 patients with dilated ducts during the period from 2002-2008. Anastomosis of the pancreas to the posterior wall of stomach was performed using pancreatic duct to gastric mucosa technique. The cases were followed up and it was seen that pancreaticogastrostomy is an effective operation for chronic pancreatitis. Most patients (89%) got relieved of pain for first several years. It is also a less time taking procedure to perform as no Roux-en-y construction is needed.

Pancreatitis crónica / Chronic pancreatitis

El diagnóstico de pancreatitis crónica requiere una alta sospecha por parte del médico de atención primaria. Por este motivo debe ser tenida en cuenta como diagnóstico diferencial ante un paciente que presenta dolor abdominal recurrente, consumo elevado de alcohol y síntomas de malabsorción. En la presente revisión narrativa los autores hacen referencia a aspectos generales de esta enfermedad: desde su oscura etiología y fisiopatología, hasta las dificultades actuales en su tratamiento.

Disseminated tuberculosis manifesting as chronic pancreatitis.

Pancreatic involvement in tuberculosis is known but uncommon. The clinical manifestation may vary from painless obstructive jaundice due to pancreatic mass (cyst or abscess) to fever of unknown origin. Here we report a case who initially presented as acute pancreatitis relapsing into chronic pancreatitis as an initial manifestation of disseminated tuberculosis.

Sobrecrecimiento bacteriano intestinal en pacientes con pancreatitis crónica / Small intestine bacterial overgrowth in patients with chronic pancreatitis

Background: Previous reports describe 30-40 percent of small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP), SIBO is a cause of persistent symptoms in this group of patients even when they are treated with pancreatic enzymes. Aim: To asses the frequency of SIBO in patients with CP. Patients and methods: We studied 14 patients with CP using an hydrogen breath test with lactulose to detect SIBO, a nonabsorbable carbohydrate, whose results are not influenced by the presence of exocrine insufficiency. Main symptoms and signs were bloating in 9 (64 percent), recurrent abdominal pain in 8 (57 percent), intermittent diarrhea in 5 (36 percent) and steatorrhea in 5 (36 percent). At the same time we studied a healthy control group paired by age and sex. Results: SIBO was present in 13 of 14 patients with CP (92 percent) and in 1 of 14 controls (p<0.001). The only patient with CP and without SIBO was recently diagnosed and had minimal morphologic alterations in computed tomography and endoscopic pancreatography Conclusions: SIBO is common in CP and may be responsible for persistent symptoms. Proper diagnosis and treatment could alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.