ABSTRACT
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with compromised immunity are prone to hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to opportunistic infections.This paper reports a rare case of hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to human parvovirus B19 infection in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient,and analyzes the clinical characteristics,aiming to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and prevent missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/drug therapy , Erythema Infectiosum/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Parvoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Parvovirus B19, HumanABSTRACT
Resumen El parvovirus B19 es causante de una variedad de enfermedades exantemáticas durante la infancia y adolescencia, como el eritema infeccioso y el síndrome papular purpúrico en guante y calcetín. Este último es una acrodermatitis aguda, inusual y benigna, que puede asociarse a aftas orales, fiebre y otros síntomas constitucionales. Existen casos atípicos como la púrpura febril en otras localizaciones, sin cumplir la distribución característica en guante y calcetín de forma simétrica o con un mayor componente de eritrodermia. Presentamos el caso de una adolescente de 12 años con un síndrome papular purpúrico de distribución atípica por parvovirus B19.
Abstract Parvovirus B19 is the cause of a variety of exanthematous diseases during childhood and adolescence, such as erythema infectiosum and papular purpuric gloves and socks syndrome. This is an unusual, benign and acute acrodermatitis. Aphtous stomatitis, fever and other systemic symptoms can be associated with the eruption of the purpuric rash. Uncommon patterns such as asymmetrical distribution or erythematous involvement llave recently been described as additional features of PVB19-associated purpuric petechial eruption. This is a case report of a 12-year-old female with an atypical involvement of a papular-purpuric syndrome caused by human parvovirus B19.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Purpura/etiology , Parvovirus B19, Human , Erythema Infectiosum/complications , Erythema Infectiosum/diagnosis , Foot Dermatoses/complications , SyndromeABSTRACT
A infecção pelo Parvovírus B19 (B19V) pode ocorrer em indivíduos imunocompetentes e imunocomprometidos, de todas as faixas etárias, e se caracteriza por ser aguda e autolimitada, podendo levar a quadros de doença exantemática (DE), doença febril aguda (DFA), doença renal crônica (DRC) e falência hepática aguda (FHA). O diagnóstico diferencial de B19V nessas populações, muitas vezes, não ocorre e estudos sobre a prevalência do B19V são antigos e escassos, não refletindo a atualidade. Marcadores da infecção podem ser detectados na circulação e em diferentes tipos de tecidos, inclusive em tecidos não eritroides, por meses ou anos. A infecção pode levar a manifestações clínicas graves, que requer tratamento hospitalar, e a doenças inflamatórias atípicas, como: cardiomiopatia, artrite reumatoide, hepatite e vasculite. No entanto, a detecção de B19V DNA não implica necessariamente na presença de vírions infecciosos e na associação do B19V com essas manifestações atípicas. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi otimizar técnicas de PCR em tempo real para quantificação do B19V DNA e de detecção de partículas virais infecciosas, a fim de realizar o diagnóstico diferencial da infecção pelo B19V em pacientes com DE, DFA, DRC e FHA. Para o diagnóstico da infecção, amostras de diferentes populações foram testadas: DE (n=54), DFA (n=60), DRC (n=221), e FHA (n=30). Amostras de soro (e de tecido hepático para FHA) foram submetidas a avaliação de marcadores sorológicos (IgM e IgG anti-B19V) e moleculares do B19V, a fim de determinar a fase da infecção em que o paciente se encontrava. Para a avaliação de marcadores moleculares, a metodologia de PCR quantitativo e em tempo real foi otimizada e permitiu um diagnóstico sensível e específico do B19V DNA. Além disso, a presença de vírions em amostras de pacientes com B19V (n=10) e de macacos cynomolgus (n=4) infectados experimentalmente foram avaliadas por meio da técnica de pré-tratamento das amostras com uma enzima endonuclease. O teste molecular (qPCR) otimizado durante o estudo, apresentou sensibilidade e especificidade de 100%. O ensaio com a endonuclease revelou que a maioria das amostras de soro humano tornou-se B19V DNA negativa após o pré-tratamento, indicando que não eram infecciosas. Foi observado prevalências do B19V DNA em 5,5% dos pacientes com DE; 6,6% em DFA; 65,6% em DRC, e 23,3% em FHA. Como conclusão a técnica de qPCR otimizada no presente estudo foi efetiva para o esclarecimento de casos da infecção por B19V e é adequada para diagnóstico diferencial. Além disso, o teste laboratorial baseado em endonuclease possibilitou a discriminação do B19V DNA (se encapsidado em vírions ou não). Portanto, estes testes podem ser utilizados para esclarecer o papel do B19V como agente etiológico associado a diversas manifestações clínicas. As prevalências encontradas nesse estudo indicam que o B19V está circulando entre os diversos grupos populacionais estudados e deve ser feita uma melhor vigilância da infecção, pois está presente tanto em indivíduos imunocompetentes como em imunocomprometidos. Além disso, os resultados sugerem a importância da inclusão de B19V no diagnóstico laboratorial diferencial, não apenas para fins epidemiológicos, mas também para o manejo adequado do paciente.
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection can occur in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals of all group ages and is characterized as acute and self limiting, which can lead to rash disease (RD), acute febrile illness (AFI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and acute liver failure (ALF). Differential diagnosis of B19V in these populations often does not occur and studies on the prevalence of B19V are scarce, outdated, and do not reflect the current situation. B19V markers of acute infection can be detected in the circulation and in different tissue types, including non-erythroid tissues, for months to years and may lead to severe clinical manifestations, requiring hospital treatment, and to atypical inflammatory diseases, such as cardiomyopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis, and vasculitis. However, the detection of B19V DNA does not necessarily imply the presence of infectious virions and the causal relation between B19V and atypical manifestations could not be proved yet. Thus, the aim of this study was to standardize the real-time PCR for quantification of B19V DNA and detection of infectious viral particles in order to perform the differential diagnosis of the B19V infection in RD, AFI, CKD, and ALF patients. For the diagnosis of the infection, samples from different populations were tested: RD (n=54), AFI (n=60), CKD (n=221), and ALF (n=30). Serum samples (and hepatic tissue for ALF) were submitted to the evaluation of B19V serological status (anti-B19V IgM and IgG antibodies) and molecular markers, in order to determine the stage of infection in which the patient is. For the evaluation of molecular markers, a quantitative real-time PCR methodology was optimized and allowed a sensitive and specific diagnosis of B19V DNA. In addition, the presence of virions in samples from patients with B19V (n=10) and from cynomolgus monkeys (n=4) experimentally infected were evaluated by endonuclease enzyme pretreatment. The molecular test optimized during the study showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. The endonuclease treatment assay revealed that most human serum samples became negative after pretreatment, as indicative of non-infective particles. Concerning the prevalence of B19V DNA: 5.5% were obtained in patients with RD; 6.6% in AFI; 65.6% in CKD, and 23.3% in ALF. In conclusion, the qPCR technique optimized in the present study was effective for clarifying cases of B19V infection and is suitable for differential diagnosis. In addition, the endonuclease-based laboratory test made it possible to discriminate B19V DNA (whether encapsidated in virions or not). Therefore, these tests can be used to clarify the role of B19V as an etiologic agent associated with several clinical manifestations. The prevalence found in this study indicate that B19V is circulating among the different populational groups that have been studied and better surveillance of the infection should be carried out, as it is present in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. In addition, the results suggest the importance of including B19V in the differential laboratory diagnosis, not only for epidemiological purposes but also for the proper management of the patient.
Subject(s)
Virion , Parvovirus B19, Human , Diagnosis, Differential , Endonucleases , Laboratory Test , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , InfectionsABSTRACT
Resumen La infección por parvovirus humano B19 es una de las complicaciones comunes en pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad de células falciformes (ECF). Se caracteriza por una anemia grave con reticulocitopenia, pudiendo estar acompañada de otras manifestaciones clínicas. En ocasiones, la infección puede ocurrir de modo simultáneo en contactos intrafamiliares de un paciente también con ECF. Es fundamental el reconocimiento temprano de esta complicación y el diagnóstico diferencial con otras patologías para su correcto manejo y tratamiento. Presentamos el caso de dos hermanos con ECF e infección por parvovirus humano B19.
Abstract Human parvovirus B19 infection is one of the common complications of patients diagnosed with Sickle cell disease (SCD). Parvovirus infections are characterized by a severe anemia with reticulocytopenia, sometimes presenting with other clinical manifestations. The infection can occur simultaneously in patient's cohabitants also diagnosed with SCD. Early recognition and differential diagnosis are essential for a proper disease management and treatment. We present two siblings with SCD and human parvovirus B19 infection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Parvovirus B19, Human , Erythema Infectiosum , Parvoviridae Infections , Anemia, Sickle Cell , Parvovirus B19, Human/genetics , Erythema Infectiosum/diagnosis , Parvoviridae Infections/complications , Parvoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Siblings , Anemia, Sickle Cell/complicationsABSTRACT
Resumen La infección aguda por parvovirus B19 es una enfermedad autolimitada en pacientes sin trastornos inmunitarios. Sin embargo, en pacientes con discrasias sanguíneas pueden manifestarse con una crisis aplásica. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 48 años, con una esferocitosis hereditaria no diagnosticada previamente, la cual debutó con una crisis aplásica inducida por una infección aguda de parvovirus B19. La sospecha clínica se planteó luego del análisis histopatológico de la médula ósea, en el que se observó una hiperplasia eritroblástica, con precursores eritroides gigantes e inclusiones nucleares virales, y cuyo análisis inmunohistoquímico fue positivo para la proteína de la cápside viral VP1 y VP2 de parvovirus B19 en células infectadas. Se confirmó la sospecha diagnóstica con la detección de anticuerpos IgM de parvovirus B19. De acuerdo a nuestra revisión, este es el primer reporte de un adulto en Latinoamérica que debutó con una crisis aplásica inducida por una infección aguda por parvovirus B19, como primera manifestación de una esferocitosis hereditaria.
Abstract Acute parvovirus B19 infection is a self-limiting disease in patients with normal immune response. However, in patients with blood dyscrasias, it is possible to present with an aplastic crisis. We present the case of a 48-year-old man who had developed an aplastic crisis as a result of an acute parvovirus B19 infection with an undiagnosed hereditary spherocytosis. Suspicions of the parvovirus infection began to arise after a routine bone marrow histopathological analysis which showed erythroblastic hyperplasia with giant erythroid precursor and viral inclusions. A subsequent immunohistochemical analysis tested positive for VP1 and VP2 capsid proteins of parvovirus B19 in infected cells. The diagnostic suspicion was later confirmed with the presence of anti-parvovirus B19 IgM. According to our review, this is the first published case in Latin America that documents an adult patient with normal immune response whose first symptom of hereditary spherocytosis was an aplastic crisis induced by an acute parvovirus B19 infection.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Spherocytosis, Hereditary , Parvovirus B19, Human , Erythema Infectiosum , Parvoviridae Infections , Parvoviridae Infections/complications , Parvoviridae Infections/diagnosis , HyperplasiaABSTRACT
El Parvovirus humano B19 puede presentarse con una amplia variedad de manifestaciones clínicas, con distinto compromiso y evolución según el huésped afectado. En pacientes inmunocomprometidos se asocia con cuadros hematológicos prolongados y graves. Se describen 3 casos de pacientes con antecedentes de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) que desarrollaron infecciones agudas por Parvovirus B19 que se presentaron con síndrome febril, citopenias (anemia, plaquetopenia y disminución de reticulocitos) y esplenomegalia. En todos los casos el diagnóstico se confirmó por la serología específica. Todos recibieron tratamiento con inmunoglobulina humana (Ig) intravenosa (IV); 2 pacientes tuvieron buena respuesta clínica y mejoría de citopenias mientras que el restante falleció. La infección por Parvovirus B19 debe incluirse en el diagnóstico diferencial de los pacientes VIH positivos con fiebre y citopenias, principalmente anemia persistente y compromiso linfoganglionar con esplenomegalia
Human Parvovirus B 19 is presented as a variety of diseases with different compromise and evolution according to the affected host. In immunocompromised patients the acute infection due to Parvovirus B19 is associated with severe and prolonged hematological clinical pictures. Three cases of patients with a history of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infected with Human Parvovirus B19 are presented. All of they presented with febrile syndrome, cytopenias (anemia, platelet count and reticulocyte reduction) and lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. In all cases the diagnosis was confirmed by serology. All were treated with intravenous human immunoglobulin (IVI G; 2 patients had good clinical response and better cytopenias while the other died. We consider thinking about Parvovirus B19 infection in HIV immunocompromised hosts with haematological involvement, mainly persistent anemia and lymph node involvement with splenomegaly
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Pancytopenia/immunology , Splenomegaly/immunology , Immunoglobulins/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/complications , Parvovirus B19, Human/immunology , Diagnosis, Differential , Lymphadenopathy/immunologyABSTRACT
Human parvovirus B19 (B19 virus) is one of the two parvoviruses that cause human diseases. As an important pathogen to humans, it causes infectious erythema in children, acute aplastic anemia, fetal edema and death. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the molecular virology of B19V, such as viral genotypes, viral receptor, genomic features and viral replication, viral transcription and post-transcription regulation, viral nonstructural and structural protein features and functions, viral diagnosis and antiviral agents, to provide reference for further study of B19 pathogenesis mechanisms, treatment and diagnostic strategies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antiviral Agents , DNA, Viral , Genetics , Erythema Infectiosum , Diagnosis , Virology , Genotype , Parvovirus B19, Human , Genetics , Virology , Virus ReplicationABSTRACT
Os receptores de transplante renal são mais suscetíveis a infecções, entre elas o parvovírus B19, que pode ser transmitido por via respiratória, adquirido por meio do enxerto ou por reativação de infecção latente. A anemia normocítica normocrômica, com diminuição dos reticulócitos e resistência ao tratamento com eritropoietina, é a principal forma de apresentação da infecção por parvovírus B19 em transplante renal. O diagnóstico requer alto índice de suspeição clínica e realização de testes diagnósticos selecionados. Tratamento com imunoglobulina e suspensão dos imunossupressores durante a infecção mostraram-se eficazes. Os autores relatam sua experiência com cinco casos de infecção por parvovírus B19 em receptores de transplante renal de um hospital universitário. Os aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos são revistos.
Kidney transplant recipients are more susceptible to infections, including by parvovirus B19, spread through the respiratory tract, acquired through the graft or reactivation of latent infection. Normocytic normochromic anemia, with decreased reticulocytes and resistance to erythropoietin treatment, is the most common presentation of Parvovirus B19 infection in renal transplant. Diagnosis requires a higher clinical suspicion and the performance of selected diagnostic tests. Treatment with immunoglobulin and suspension of immunosuppressive therapy during the infection may be effective. The authors report five cases of PB19 infection in kidney transplant patients at a hospital. The clinical, diagnostic, and treatment features are reviewed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Kidney Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Parvovirus B19, Human/isolation & purification , Parvoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Transplant Recipients/statistics & numerical data , Pancytopenia/diagnosis , Biopsy, Needle , Bone Marrow/virology , Serologic Tests , Myelography , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Parvoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Parvoviridae Infections/drug therapy , Parvoviridae Infections/blood , Diagnosis, Differential , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Anemia/diagnosisABSTRACT
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a common pathogen, which on infection causes variety of clinical conditions from benign self-limiting exanthematous disease and other similar pathologies to fetal death. METHODS: We collected 341 serum samples between the first and fourth day after the onset of symptoms from all patients suspected of dengue fever who were attended at Regional Hospital of Tefé. Initially, patients were screened for malaria by blood smear test and negative samples were sent to Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD) situated in Manaus (AM) for dengue testing using semi-nested multiplex PCR. Further, we investigated 44 malaria and dengue-negative samples of children for B19V DNA by nested-PCR. Positive samples were analyzed by BLAST against entire public non-redundant nucleotide database and genotyped by phylogenetic analyses using neighbor-joining clustering method. RESULTS: Eight samples (18.2%) were found to be PCR positive. Fever, headache, ocular pain, and/or muscle pain were reported as the most frequent symptoms by the patients and none were diagnosed with rash at the time of sample collection. Phylogenetic analysis of major capsid protein 2 (VP2) and VP3 coding region showed high similarity with B19V genotype 1. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal the spread of B19V genotype 1 in Tefé. Moreover, our results emphasize the significance of laboratorial differential diagnosis using molecular techniques in patients with acute febrile, and thereby aid the health surveillance system in improving patient care even in the remote areas of Amazon.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , DNA, Viral/blood , Parvovirus B19, Human/genetics , Parvoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Parvoviridae Infections/virology , Dengue/diagnosis , Phylogeny , Brazil , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Genotype , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Abstract Parvovirus B19 has tropism for red line blood cells, causing immune hydrops during pregnancy. A positive anti-Kell Coombs reaction usually happens during pregnancy when there is production of antibodies that target Kell antigens, but cross reactions to other antigens may occur. A 24-year-old Gypsy primigravida, 0 Rhesus positive, presented with persistent isolated hyperthermia for 2 weeks and a positive indirect Coombs test result with anti-Kell antibodies at routine tests. She had a 19-week live fetus. The blood tests revealed bicytopenia with iron deficiency anemia, leucopoenia with neutropenia, and elevated C-reactive protein. She was medicated with imipenem, and had a slow clinical recovery. Blood, urine and sputum samples were taken to perform cultures and to exclude other systemic infections. Escherichia coli was isolated in the urine, which most probably caused a transient cross anti-Kell reaction. Haemophilus influenza in the sputum and seroconversion to parvovirus B19 was confirmed, causing unusual deficits in the white cells, culminating in febrile neutropenia. Despite the patient's lack of compliance to the medical care, both maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes were good. This a rare case report of 2 rare phenomena, a cross anti-Kell reaction to E. coli and parvovirus B19 infection with tropism for white cells causing febrile neutropenia, both events occurring simultaneously during pregnancy.
Resumo O parvovírus B19 tem tropismo para as células sanguíneas da linha vermelha, causando hidropsia imune durante a gravidez. O teste Coombs anti-Kell positivo ocorre durante a gravidez quando há produção de anticorpos contra os antígenos de Kell, mas pode haver reações cruzadas para outros antígenos. Uma grávida primigesta de etnia cigana, de 24 anos, 0 Rhesus positivo, recorreu ao hospital às 19 semanas de gestação por hipertermia isolada persistente por 2 semanas e umteste Coombs indireto positivo por anticorpos anti-Kell em testes de rotina da gravidez. O estudo analítico revelou bicitopenia com anemia ferropênica, leucopenia com neutropenia, e elevação da proteína C-reativa. A paciente foi medicada com imipenem, e teve uma recuperação clínica lenta. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue, urina e expectoração para culturas bacterianas. Na urina, foi isolada Escherichia coli, o que provavelmente causou a reação anti-Kell cruzada transitória. Na expectoração, foi isolada Haemophilus influenza, e foi confirmada seroconversão para o parvovírus B19, que causou um déficit incomum na linhagem sanguínea branca, culminando com neutropenia febril. Apesar da má adesão aos cuidados médicos, os desfechos materno e fetal/neonatal foram bons. Este é um caso de 2 fenômenos raros, uma reação cruzada anti-Kell à infecção por E. coli, e parvovírus B19 comtropismo para células brancas causando neutropenia febril, ambos ocorrendo simultaneamente durante a gravidez.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology , Parvovirus B19, Human , Erythema Infectiosum/complications , Erythema Infectiosum/immunology , Escherichia coli/immunology , Febrile Neutropenia/immunology , Febrile Neutropenia/virology , Kell Blood-Group System/immunology , Cross ReactionsABSTRACT
Resumen La infección crónica por parvovirus B19 en pacientes seropositivos para el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) es una causa identificable y tratable de anemia en esta población, que en nuestro medio aún no ha sido muy estudiada. La búsqueda activa de este patógeno en pacientes VIH positivos con anemia grave sin compromiso de otras líneas celulares puede llevar a una mejoría en la calidad de vida en el tiempo y reducción de los costos de la enfermedad para el sistema de salud. Nosotros presentamos el caso de un paciente con síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida y anemia a quien se le identifico parvovirus B19. (Acta Med Colomb 2018; 43: 42-44).
Abstract The chronic infection by parvovirus B19 in seropositive patients for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an identifiable and treatable cause of anemia in this population, which in our environment has not yet been widely studied. The active search for this pathogen in HIV positive patients with severe anemia without compromising other cell lines can lead to an improvement in the quality of life over time and reduction of the costs of the disease to the health system. We present the case of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and anemia who was identified as parvovirus B19. (Acta Med Colomb 2018; 43: 42-44).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure , Quality of Life , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV-1 , Parvovirus B19, Human , Erythema InfectiosumABSTRACT
Resumen El parvovirus B19 es un virus ADN comunitario distribuido a nivel mundial con seroprevalencias que alcanzan hasta 85% en el adulto mayor. Existe un amplio espectro de manifestaciones clínicas en la infección por parvovirus B19 siendo las cutáneas las más frecuentes. Si bien, la mayoría de éstas son autolimitadas, existen numerosos síndromes y enfermedades autoinmunes en los cuales se postula al parvovirus B19 como factor gatillante, dada su capacidad de inducir la producción de numerosos autoanticuerpos y promover la presentación de autoantígenos a linfocitos T. En la presente revisión se describe el espectro de manifestaciones cutáneas de la infección por parvovirus B19 y la evidencia que apoya su asociación con cada una de ellas. Se propone una clasificación de las diferentes enfermedades con manifestaciones cutáneas vinculadas al parvovirus B19, basado en la cantidad y calidad de la evidencia disponible en la literatura científica.
Parvovirus B19 is a community DNA virus with worldwide distribution with up to 85% seroprevalence in the elderly. There is a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in parvovirus B19 infection of which cutaneous involvement is the most frequent one. Although most of these are self-limiting conditions, there are numerous syndromes and autoimmune diseases in which parvovirus B19 is postulated as a triggering factor, given its ability to induce the production of various autoantibodies and promote the presentation of autoantigens to T cells. This review describes the spectrum of cutaneous manifestations of parvovirus B19 infection and the evidence supporting its association with each of them. We propose a new classification of different diseases with cutaneous manifestations linked to parvovirus B19, based on the amount and quality of available evidence in the literature.
Subject(s)
Humans , Skin Diseases/virology , Parvovirus B19, Human , Parvoviridae Infections/complicationsABSTRACT
Abstract Objective To investigate the clinical and sonographic parameters associated with adverse fetal outcomes in patients with congenital parvovirus B19 infection managed by intrauterine transfusion. Methods This was a single-center retrospective study conducted from January 2005 to December 2016 that assessed patients with singleton pregnancies with fetal parvovirus infection confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction of the amniotic fluid or fetal blood samples who underwent at least one intrauterine transfusion. The maternal characteristics, sonographic findings and parameters related to intrauterine transfusion were compared between the two groups (recovery/non-recovery), who were categorized based on fetal response after in-utero transfusions. Progression to fetal death or delivery without fetal recovery after the transfusions was considered nonrecovery and categorized as an adverse outcome. Results The final analysis included ten singleton pregnancies: seven of which were categorized into the recovery group and three of which into the non-recovery group. The baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. All fetuses were hydropic at the time of diagnosis. No significant differences related to sonographic or intrauterine transfusion parameters were identified between the groups; however, the nonrecovery group tended to have an increased number of sonographic markers and lower fetal hemoglobin and platelet levels before the transfusion. Conclusion We were unable to firmly establish the clinical or sonographic parameters associated with adverse fetal outcomes in patients with parvovirus infection managed with intrauterine transfusions; however, edema, placental thickening and oligohydramnios may indicate greater fetal compromise and, subsequently, adverse outcomes. However, further studies are necessary, mainly due to the small number of cases analyzed in the present study.
Resumo Objetivo Investigar os parâmetros clínicos e ultrassonográficos associados ao desfecho fetal adverso em pacientes com infecção congênita por parvovírus B19 manejada por meio de transfusão intrauterina. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo de um único centro realizado entre janeiro de 2005 e dezembro de 2016, que avaliou pacientes com gestação única com infecção fetal por parvovírus confirmada por reação em cadeia da polimerase de líquido amniótico ou amostras de sangue fetal submetidas a pelo menos uma transfusão intrauterina. As características maternas, os achados ultrassonográficos e os parâmetros relacionados à transfusão intrauterina foram comparados entre os dois grupos (recuperação/não recuperação), que foram categorizados com base na resposta fetal após transfusão intrauterina. A progressão para morte fetal ou parto sem recuperação fetal após transfusões foi considerada não recuperação, e categorizada como um desfecho adverso. Resultados A análise final incluiu dez gravidezes únicas: sete foram categorizadas no grupo de recuperação, e três, no grupo de não recuperação. As características basais foram semelhantes entre os grupos. Todos os fetos estavam hidrópicos no momento do diagnóstico. Não foram identificadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos em relação aos parâmetros ultrassonográficos ou os das transfusões intrauterinas; Entretanto, o grupo de não recuperação tendeu a ter um número aumentado demarcadores ultrassonográficos e níveis mais baixos de hemoglobina e plaquetas fetais antes da transfusão. Conclusão Não foi possível estabelecer firmemente os parâmetros clínicos ou ultrassonográficos associados ao desfecho fetal adverso em pacientes com infecção por parvovírus manejada por meio de transfusões intrauterinas. Entretanto, edema de pele, espessamento placentário e oligoidrâmnio podem indicar maior comprometimento fetal e, posteriormente, desfechos fetais adversos. No entanto, estudos adicionais são necessários, principalmente devido ao pequeno número de casos analisados neste estudo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Parvovirus B19, Human , Parvoviridae Infections/congenital , Fetal Diseases/virology , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Parvoviridae Infections/diagnostic imaging , Fetal Diseases/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affects women, characterized by the production of autoantibodies. Its causal agent is unknown, but the combination of environmental, hormonal and genetic factors may favor the development of the disease. Parvovirus B19 has been associated with the development of SLE, since it induces the production of anti-single stranded DNA antibodies. It is unknown whether PV-B19 infection is an environmental factor that trigger or reactivate SLE in the Mexican Mayan population. Aim: A preliminary serological and molecular study of PV-B19 infection in Mayan women with established SLE was done. Methods: IgG and IgM anti PV-B19 were evaluated in 66 SLE patients and 66 control subjects, all women of Mayan origin. Viral DNA and viral load were analyzed by qPCR. Results: Insignificant levels of IgM were observed in 14.3% (4/28) of the patients and 11.4% (4/35) of control subjects. IgG was detected in 82.1% (23/28) of the patients and 82.9% (29/35) of control subjects, but were significantly higher in patients. Viral DNA was found in 86.0% (57/66) of the patients and 81.0% (54/66) of control subjects. Viral load, quantified in 28/66 patients and 31/66 controls which were positive for IgM and IgG, was significantly higher in controls. Conclusion: The high prevalence of PV-B19 in Yucatan, and the presence of IgM, IgG, and viral load in Mayan women with established SLE suggest that PV-B19 infection could be an environmental factor to trigger or reactivate SLE.
Resumen Antecedentes: Lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad sistemica autoinmune que afecta principalmente a las mujeres, caracterizada por la producción de autoanticuerpos. El agente causaal es desconocido. Pero la combinación de factores ambientales, hormonales y genéticos podría favorecer el desarrollo de la enfermedad. El parvovirus B19 se asoció con el desarrollo de LES, debido a que induce la producción de anticuerpos anti-cadena simple de DNA. Es desconocido si la infección PV-B19 es un factor ambiental que desencadena o reactiva LES en la población mexicana Maya. Objetivo: Se realizó un estudio serológico y molecular preliminar de la infección de PV-B19 en mujeres Mayas con LES. Métodos: Se evaluó IgG and IgM anti PV-B19 en 66 pacientes con LES y 66 controles sanos, todas las mujeres fueron de origen Maya. DNAViral y la carga viral fueron analizadas por qPCR. Resultados: Se determinaron niveles insignificantes de IgM en el 14.3% (4/28) de las pacientes y en el 11.4% (4/35) de los controles. IgG se detectó en el 82.1% (23/28) de los pacients y en el 82.9% (29/35) de los controles. Hubo un alta significancia en los pacientes con LES. DNA viral se encontró en el 86.0% (57/66) de los pacientes y en el 81.0% (54/66) de los controles. La carga viral se cuantifico en 28/66 pacientes y en 31/66 de los controles, la cual fueron positivos para IgM e IgG; fue significativamente mas alta en los controles. Conclusión: La alta prevalencia de PV-B19 en Yucatan y la presencia de IgM, IgG y una carga viral en mujeres Mayas con LES sugiere que la infección con PV-B19 poria ser un factor ambiental que desencadene o reactive el LES
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Indians, North American , Parvovirus B19, Human , Parvoviridae Infections/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/virology , DNA, Viral/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Indians, North American/ethnology , Indians, North American/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Parvovirus B19, Human/genetics , Parvovirus B19, Human/immunology , Parvoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Viral Load , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/ethnology , Mexico/ethnology , Antibodies, Viral/bloodSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Thrombocytopenia , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic , Parvovirus B19, Human , ErythrovirusABSTRACT
Summary Introduction: Virus surveillance strategies and genetic characterization of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) are important tools for regional and global control of viral outbreak. In São Paulo, Brazil, we performed a study of B19V by monitoring the spread of this virus, which is an infectious agent and could be mistakenly reported as a rash and other types of infection. Method: Serum samples were subjected to enzyme immunoassay, real time polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing. Results: From the 462 patients with suspected cases of exanthematic infections, the results of the 164 serum samples were positive for B19V immunoglobulin M. Among these cases, there were 38 patients with erythema infections and B19-associated with other infections such as encephalitis, hydrops fetalis, chronic anemia, hematological malignancies. These samples were sequenced and identified as genotype 1. Conclusion: This study showed patients with infections caused by B19V and sequencing genotype 1. Continuous monitoring is necessary to detect all known genotypes, and the emergence of new genotypes of these viruses for case management in public health control activities.
Resumo Introdução: Estratégias de vigilância para o parvovírus humano B19 e caracterização genética são ferramentas importantes para o controle regional e global do surto viral. Em São Paulo, Brasil, foi realizado um estudo de parvovírus B19, monitorando a disseminação desse vírus, que é um agente infeccioso e poderia ser erroneamente relatado como uma erupção cutânea e outros tipos de infecções. Método: As amostras de soro foram submetidas ao ensaio imunoenzimático, PCR quantitativo em tempo real e sequenciamento. Resultados: Dos 462 pacientes com casos suspeitos de infecções exantemáticas, os resultados das 164 amostras de soro foram positivos para parvovírus B19 imunoglobulina M. Entre eles, 38 pacientes com eritema infeccioso apresentaram B19 associado com outras infecções, como encefalite, hidropisia fetal, anemia crônica, doenças hematológicas malignas. Essas amostras foram sequenciadas e identificadas como genótipo 1. Conclusão: Os pacientes foram infectados com parvovírus B19 e apresentaram genótipo 1. Monitoração contínua é necessária para detectar todos os genótipos conhecidos e o surgimento de novos genótipos para o controle de casos em saúde pública.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Parvovirus B19, Human/isolation & purification , Parvovirus B19, Human/genetics , Erythema Infectiosum/virology , Genotype , Brazil , DNA, Viral/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Immunoassay , Hydrops Fetalis/virology , Population Surveillance , Erythema Infectiosum/blood , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Anemia/virology , Middle Aged , Antibodies, Viral/bloodABSTRACT
Abstract This study was conducted to provide information on the genetic diversity of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) circulating in the municipality of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil during 1996-2006, a period with two distinct outbreaks of B19V infection: 1999-2000 and 2004-2005. A total of 27 sera from patients with erythema infectiosum and five sera from HIV-infected patients that tested positive for B19V DNA during the study period were analyzed. To genotype B19V strains, a semi-nested PCR for partial amplification of the capsid gene was performed and sequence analysis revealed that 31 sequences belonged to subgenotype 1a (G1a) of the main genotype 1 and one sequence was characterized as subgenotype 3b (G3b). The phylogenetic tree supported the division of the G1a into two well-defined clades with 1.3% of divergence. The low diversity of the G1a strains may be explained by the fact that all patients had acute B19V infection and 30/32 sera were collected during two distinct outbreaks. The G3b strain was from an HIV-infected patient who seroconverted to anti-B19 IgG antibodies in September/2005. This is the first report of G3b in the state of Rio de Janeiro.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Disease Outbreaks , Parvovirus B19, Human/genetics , Erythema Infectiosum/epidemiology , Erythema Infectiosum/virology , Phylogeny , Brazil/epidemiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Erythema Infectiosum/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , GenotypeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Due to the tropism of human parvovirus B19 to erythroid progenitor cells, infection in patients with an underlying hemolytic disorder such as beta-thalassemia major leads to suppression of erythrocyte formation, referred to as transient aplasia crisis (TAC), which may be life-threatening. We investigated the prevalence of parvovirus B19 among patients with beta thalassemia major attending the Zafar Adult Thalassemia Clinic in Tehran, Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed to determine the presence of parvovirus B19 DNA in blood samples and parvovirus B19 genotypes in plasma samples of patients with thalassemia major. The population consisted of 150 patients with beta-thalassemia major who attended the Zafar clinic in Tehran. Specimens were studied using a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS: The prevalence of parvovirus B19 in our study population was 4%. Of 150 patients with thalassemia, six (4%) were positive for B19 DNA. There was no significant correlation between blood transfusion frequency and B19 DNA positivity. Finally, phylogenetic analysis of human parvovirus B19 revealed genotype I in these six patients. CONCLUSION: In this study, acute B19 infections were detected in patients with beta thalassemia major. Screening of such high-risk groups can considerably reduce the incidence and prevalence of B19 infection; thus, screening is required for epidemiologic surveillance and disease-prevention measures.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , beta-Thalassemia , Blood Transfusion , Cross-Sectional Studies , DNA , Epidemiological Monitoring , Erythrocytes , Erythroid Precursor Cells , Genotype , Incidence , Iran , Mass Screening , Parvovirus , Parvovirus B19, Human , Plasma , Prevalence , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Thalassemia , TropismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is one of the smallest DNA viruses and shows great resistance to most disinfectants. Therefore, it is one of the common contaminant pathogens present in blood and plasma products. Parvovirus 4 (PARV4) is a newly identified parvovirus, which is also prevalent in parenteral transmission. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of B19V and PARV4 DNA among patients with hemophilia in Birjand County in eastern Iran. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study comprising nearly all people with hemophilia in this region. Whole blood samples were taken after patient registration and sent for plasma isolation. After nucleic acid extraction, B19V was detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction, PARV4 DNA was then detected using sensitive semi-nested PCR. RESULTS: In total, there were 86 patients with hemophilia, with mean age 28.5±1.5 years. Of these, 90.7% were men and 9.3% women; 84.9% had hemophilia A and 7.0% had hemophilia B. We found 11 patients (12.8%) were positive for B19V DNA and 8 were positive (9.3%) for PARV4 DNA. The prevalence of B19V was higher in middle-aged groups rather than younger people, whereas PARV4 infection was more common in younger patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of B19V and PARV4 infection in this high-risk group of patients with hemophilia. Due to the clinical significance of the B19 virus, imposing more precautionary measures for serum and blood products is recommended.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Disinfectants , DNA , DNA Viruses , Epidemiologic Studies , Hemophilia A , Hemophilia B , Iran , Parvovirus B19, Human , Parvovirus , Plasma , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prevalence , Real-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
O parvovírus B19 é um eritrovírus humano com tropismo para as células progenitoras da medula óssea, sendo responsável por um grande espectro de manifestações clínicas, desde infecções assintomáticas até crises aplásicas graves. Os autores apresentam o caso de uma mulher de 40 anos, com história de anemia ferropênica por menorragias, que desenvolveu quadro clínico com febre, cefaleias, petéquias e, osteriormente, exantema nas pernas, associado à hipoplasia medular com redução transitória da contagem de todas as linhagens celulares hematológicas. A suspeita de infecção aguda por parvovírus B19 foi confirmada pela detecção de anticorpos IgM antiparvovírus B19 no sangue periférico, por meio de teste imunoenzimático (ELISA). Os achados do mielograma no 5o dia após a admissão, apesar de haver ainda tão só recuperação parcial das linhagens celulares hematológicas no sangue periférico, revelaram linhagens celulares medulares normais. A paciente teve recuperação espontânea, apenas com terapêutica de suporte.
Parvovirus B19 is a human erythrovirus with tropism for erythroid progenitor cells. It is responsible for a wide range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic infections to severe aplastic crises. The authors present the case of a 40 year-old female patient with history of iron-deficiency anemia from menorrhagia who presented with fever, headache, petechiae,and later,rash on lower limbs, associated with medullary hypoplasia and transient decrease of all hematologic cell lines.The suspicion of acute Parvovirus B19 infection was confirmed by the detection of anti-Parvovirus B19 IgM antibodies through Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Although there was only partial recovery of the hematologic cell lineage in peripheral blood, findings on myelogram 5 days after admission showed normal hematopoietic cell lines. The patient had spontaneous recovery only with supportive treatment.