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1.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 79(1): 75-84, mar. 2019. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004386

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Los abscesos profundos de cuello son colecciones de pus alojadas en los espacios profundos cervicales. En la población pediátrica son poco frecuentes, sin embargo, pueden presentar complicaciones potencialmente mortales. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes que consultan por abscesos profundos del cuello en el Servicio de Urgencia Pediátrico del Hospital Dr. Sótero del Rio. Material y método: Estudio de tipo descriptivo retrospectivo con datos obtenidos de fichas clínicas de pacientes. Se realizó una revisión de fichas clínicas de los pacientes diagnosticados con abscesos profundos de cuello en el Servicio de Urgencia Pediátrica del Hospital Sótero del Río entre los años 2011 y 2018. Se analizaron variables clínicas (anamnesis, examen físico, exámenes de laboratorio generales y específicos y su manejo) y demográficas. Los resultados se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva con medidas de tendencia central y rango, utilizando Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). Resultados: Se incluyeron 41 pacientes entre 0 y 15 años, con un promedio de edad de 7,2 años. Sesenta y tres por ciento de los pacientes fueron de sexo masculino. Se presentaron 23 (56%) pacientes con abscesos periamigdalinos (PA), 12 (29,2%) con abscesos retrofaríngeos (RF), 5 (12,1%) con abscesos parafaríngeos (PF) y 1 (2,4%) con absceso de tipo mixto (RF- PF). El 60% de los pacientes recibió algún tratamiento médico previo. Se realizó estudio imagenológico en 83% de los pacientes. Todos los pacientes presentaron parámetros inflamatorios elevados. En el 80% de los pacientes se realizó tratamiento médico y algún tipo de drenaje. Conclusiones: Los abscesos profundos del cuello son una entidad relativamente poco frecuente en pediatría, pero potencialmente peligrosa si no se detecta a tiempo, por lo que debemos tener un alto índice de sospecha para evitar las complicaciones.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Deep neck abscesses are pus collections lodged in the deep cervical spaces. They are rare in the pediatric population, however, they can present life-threatening complications. Objective: To characterize the patients who consult for deep neck abscesses in the pediatric emergency department of Dr. Sótero del Rio Hospital. Material and method: Descriptive retrospective study. A review of clinical records of patients diagnosed with deep neck abscesses in the pediatric emergency department of Dr. Sótero del Rio Hospital between 2011 and 2018 was made. The clinical (anamnesis, physical exam, general and specific laboratory exams and management) and demographic characteristics were evaluated. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics with measures of central tendency and range, using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). Results: Forty-one patients between 0 and 15 years of age were included, with an average age of 7.2 years. 63% of the patients were male. There were 23 (56%) patients with peritonsillar abscesses (PA), 12 (29.2%) with retropharyngeal abscesses (RF), 5 (12.1%) with parapharyngeal abscesses (PF) and 1 (2.4%) with abscess of mixed type (RF-PF). 60% of the patients received some previous medical treatment. An imaging study was performed in 83% of the patients. All the patients presented high inflammatory parameters. In 80% of patients, medical treatment and some type of drainage were performed. Conclusions: Deep abscesses of the neck are a relatively rare entity in pediatrics, but potentially dangerous if not detected in time, so we must have a high index of suspicion to avoid complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Abscess/surgery , Abscess/drug therapy , Neck , Pharyngeal Diseases/surgery , Pharyngeal Diseases/drug therapy , Chile , Drainage , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retropharyngeal Abscess/surgery , Retropharyngeal Abscess/drug therapy , Abscess/diagnosis , Abscess/microbiology
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(1): 26-29, Jan.-Feb. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-579826

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis endemic in Brazil, especially in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, where Histoplasma capsulatum was isolated from the soil. H. capsulatum may compromise unusual areas, including the oropharynx, particularly in patients presenting disseminated histoplasmosis; which is associated with a state of immunosuppression, such as AIDS. METHODS: During database analysis of a total of 265 cases of histoplasmosis, the medical records of 11 patients with histological or microbiological diagnoses of oral histoplasmosis (OH) between 1987 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: This work reports 11 cases of OH, the majority presenting histopathological or microbiological evidence of disseminated histoplasmosis (DH). In the patients with DH, OH was the first manifestation of histoplasmosis. Five of the 11 patients discussed were HIV-seropositive with clinical and laboratory findings of AIDS. Four patients presented active pulmonary tuberculosis concomitant with histoplasmosis. Treatment was based on the use of itraconazole and amphotericin B deoxycholate. Eight patients responded successfully to therapy after one year, two did not come back for reevaluation and one died despite adequate therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Oral histoplasmosis is closely associated with immunosuppression status, especially in patients presenting AIDS; moreover, in many cases, OH is the first sign of disseminated histoplasmosis.


INTRODUÇÃO: Histoplasmose é uma micose sistêmica, endêmica no Brasil, especialmente no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, onde Histoplasma capsulatum foi isolado do solo. H. capsulatum pode acometer áreas não-usuais, como cavidade orofaríngea, particularmente em pacientes com histoplasmose disseminada, por sua vez, associada com estado de imunossupressão, como na AIDS. MÉTODOS: A partir de 265 casos de histoplasmose em um banco de dados de um laboratório de micologia, foram analisados retrospectivamente 11 prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico histológico ou microbiológico de histoplasmose oral (HO) entre 1987 e 2008. RESULTADOS: Reportamos neste trabalho onze casos de HO, a grande maioria com evidências histopatológicas e microbiológicas de histoplasmose disseminada (HD). Nos pacientes com HD, HO foi a primeira manifestação de histoplasmose. Cinco dos onze casos relatados eram portadores do vírus do HIV, todos com diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial de AIDS. Quatro pacientes do total tinham concomitantemente tuberculose pulmonar e histoplasmose. Tratamento foi baseado no uso de itraconazol e anfotericina B principalmente. Oito pacientes tiveram sucesso terapêutico após um ano, dois não retornaram para reavaliação e um faleceu apesar da adequada terapia antifúngica. CONCLUSÕES: Histoplasmose oral está associada muitas vezes com estado de imunossupressão, especialmente em pacientes com AIDS. Em muitos casos pode representar o primeiro sinal indicativo de histoplasmose disseminada.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , Histoplasmosis/microbiology , Oropharynx/microbiology , Pharyngeal Diseases/microbiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Combinations , Deoxycholic Acid/therapeutic use , Histoplasmosis/diagnosis , Histoplasmosis/drug therapy , Itraconazole/therapeutic use , Ketoconazole/therapeutic use , Pharyngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Pharyngeal Diseases/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies
3.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 75(6): 826-830, nov.-dez. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-539378

ABSTRACT

Os abcessos laterofaríngeos e retrofaríngeos são infecções potencialmente fatais, designadamente na criança. Objetivo: Revisão de agentes etiológicos, achados clínicos e de exames de imagem de abcessos laterofaríngeos e retrofaríngeos em crianças, assim como de resultados e complicações do tratamento através de uma abordagem cirúrgica trans-oral. Material e método: Estudo retrospectivo abrangendo 11 crianças, internadas nos últimos 5 anos num hospital universitário terciário, com o diagnósticos de abcesso laterofaríngeo (n = 8) e retrofaríngeo (n = 3), com idades variando entre 0 e 12 anos. Os processos clínicos e exames de imagem foram revistos. Resultado: A idade média de apresentação foi de 3.3 anos de idade. Alterações da mobilidade cervical(64 por cento) e odinofagia(55 por cento) foram os sintomas mais frequentes. Febre(64 por cento), rigidez cervical(64 por cento), abaulamento da parede faríngea(55 por cento),massa cervical(55 por cento) e linfadenopatias(36 por cento) foram os achados clínicos mais frequentes. Todos os doentes foram submetidos a drenagem cirurgia por via trans-oral nas primeiras 48 horas após a admissão hospitalar. Cerca de 82 por cento dos doente apresentaram melhoria do quadro clinico após 48 horas e todos após 72 horas, sem quaisquer complicações. Conclusão: Considerando os bons resultados e a baixa taxa de complicações, o presente estudo sugere que uma antibioterapia sistémica associada a uma intervenção cirúrgica atempada parece ser uma opção válida no tratamento destes abcessos.


Lateropharyngeal and retropharyngeal abscesses are potentially life threatening infections in children AIM: To review the etiologic, clinical, and imaging signs of lateropharyngeal and retropharyngeal abscesses in children as well as treatment-outcomes and complications using a surgical trans-oral approach. Method: Retrospective analysis of 11 children, hospitalized in the last 5 years, with a diagnosis of lateropharyngeal (n = 8) and retropharyngeal (n = 3) abscesses, ages ranging from 0 to 12 years old. Charts and CT scans were reviewed. Result: The average age of presentation was 3.3 years. Neck stiffness (64 percent) and odynophagia (55 percent) were the most common symptoms. Fever (64 percent), stiff neck (64 percent), bulging of the oropharyngeal wall (55 percent), mass in the neck (55 percent) and lymphadenopathy (36 percent) were the most prevalent physical findings. All these patients were submitted to surgical drainage using a trans-oral approach in the first 48 hours after admission. About 82 percent of the patients showed improvement after 48 hours, and 100 percent after 72 hours, without any complications. Conclusion: Based on the good clinical outcomes and low incidence of complications, the present study suggests that antibiotic therapy complemented with a timely surgical treatment, is a valid treatment option in refractory parapharyngeal abscesses.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pharyngeal Diseases/surgery , Abscess/diagnosis , Abscess/drug therapy , Abscess/surgery , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Pharyngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Pharyngeal Diseases/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Retropharyngeal Abscess/diagnosis , Retropharyngeal Abscess/drug therapy , Retropharyngeal Abscess/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome
4.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 73(6): 862-866, nov.-dez. 2007. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-474429

ABSTRACT

A apresentação faringolaríngea da tuberculose como forma isolada da doença é rara, entretanto, nos últimos anos, com o aumento progressivo do número de casos de tuberculose em geral, a possibilidade dessas localizações aumentou. OBJETIVO: Descrever caso de tuberculose faringolaríngea primária em paciente grávida e imunocompetente. RELATORIO DE CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 30 anos, com história de odinofagia há 10 meses, sem qualquer sintoma sistêmico ou outras queixas referentes às vias aéreas superiores. Apresentava lesão granulomatosa em orofaringe e laringe, e o resultado da biópsia revelou bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes. Exames clínico e radiológico do aparelho respiratório sem alterações. Realizado tratamento anti-tuberculose por nove meses com resolução completa do quadro. CONCLUSÃO: Autores realçam a importância epidemiológica da tuberculose e a necessidade de um alto grau de suspeição de lesões das vias aéreas superiores para o diagnóstico precoce da doença.


Tuberculosis of the Larynx and pharynx only is rare. However, in the last few years, the number of tuberculosis cases in general have had a dramatic increase, thus increasing the possibility of isolated laryngo-pharyngeal lesions. AIM: To report a case of isolated laryngo-pharyngeal tuberculosis in a pregnant, immunocompetent host. CASE REPORT: A 30- year-old pregnant female had complained of odynophagia for the last ten months. There were no other respiratory or systemic symptoms. An oro-pharyngeal granulomatous lesion was found, and the biopsy revealed acid-fast bacilli. There were no clinical or radiologic pulmonary findings. She was submitted successfully to an tuberculosis treatment protocol for nine months. CONCLUSIONS: The authors point out the epidemiological importance of tuberculosis and the need for a higher degree of suspicion when dealing with uncommon upper airway lesions to make an early diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Pharyngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Laryngeal/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Drug Therapy, Combination , Isoniazid/therapeutic use , Pharyngeal Diseases/drug therapy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy , Pyrazinamide/therapeutic use , Rifampin/therapeutic use , Tuberculosis, Laryngeal/drug therapy , Tuberculosis/drug therapy
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 131(5): 515-519, mayo 2003.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-356109

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) and esophageal candidiasis (EPC) are frequent complications in AIDS patients. The use of Fluconazole, an effective and a low toxicity drug, has been associated to the emergency of secondary resistant strains. For this reason, in vitro antifungal susceptibility tests are necessary to predict a therapeutic failure. Etest is an easy to perform alternative test, that has showed a good agreement with the broth microdilution reference method (NCCLS, document M27-A). AIM: To measure the susceptibility of C. albicans isolates from AIDS patients complicated with OPC and EPC to Amphotericin B (AmB) and Fluconazole (Flu) using Etest. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty strains from 20 AIDS patients were studied. AmB was tested in RPMI 1640 agar and Flu in Casitone agar. RESULTS: All studied strains showed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) < 1 mg/mL for AmB. A highly resistant strain to Flu (> 256 mg/mL) was isolated from a patient previously treated with Flu. CONCLUSIONS: In AIDS patients with OPC and EPC, the susceptibility to Flu of the isolates should be screened, to detect resistant strains. Etest is a reliable alternative in these cases, for laboratories that cannot use the reference method.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Antifungal Agents , Candida albicans/drug effects , Candidiasis/drug therapy , Esophageal Diseases/mortality , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Antifungal Agents , Amphotericin B/pharmacology , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Candida albicans/isolation & purification , Candidiasis, Oral/drug therapy , Pharyngeal Diseases/drug therapy , Esophageal Diseases/complications , Esophageal Diseases/drug therapy , Fluconazole/pharmacology , Fluconazole/therapeutic use , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Fungal , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods
7.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 58(3): 129-33, dic. 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-263561

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un grupo compuesto por 70 pacientes portadores de síntomas atribuibles a reflujo faringolaríngeo y 20 pacientes controles. Se describen y proponen 3 estadios clínocos nasofibroscópicos de la enfermedad y se correlacionan con los síntomas digestivos, broncopulmonares y faringolaríngeos en los pacientes y controles. En los 70 pacientes se analizan los resultados del tratamiento médico propuesto, siendo bueno en el 88,4 por ciento de los casos y regular en 11,6 por ciento


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Hypopharynx/physiopathology , Pharyngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications , Omeprazole/therapeutic use , Case-Control Studies , Famotidine/therapeutic use , Voice Disorders/etiology , Cisapride/therapeutic use , Cough/etiology , Hypopharynx/drug effects , Pharyngeal Diseases/drug therapy
8.
Acta AWHO ; 17(1): 6-10, jan.-mar. 1998.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-209669
11.
Invest. med. int ; 14(3): 168-75, nov. 1987. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-48188

ABSTRACT

Bajo diseño doble ciego se realizó la evaluación de la eficacia terapéutica del diclofenaco potásico más trimetoprim sulfametoxazol en comparación con placebo más trimetoprim sulfametoxazol, en pacientes que cursaban con faringoamigdalitis bacteriana aguda, con temperatura mayor de 38.5 a 40-C y que requirieron terapéutica antimicrobiana. Este estudio demostró la bondad terapéutica del diclofenaco potásico, ya que es el único antiinflamatorio no esteroideo que se puede asociar al trimetoprim sulfametoxazol. Se evaluaron los parámetros de exudado faríngeo, inflamación, temperatura, analgesia, así como la opinión global de la eficacia del investigador y del paciente. En la evaluación comparativa de los resultados durante y al final del tratamiento en relación con la evaluación al inicio del mismo, se obtuvo una diferencia altamente significativa en los parámetros evaluados para el diclofenaco potásico más trimetoprim sulfametoxazol en comparación con el grupo tratado con placebo más trimetoprim sulfametoxazol. La tolerancia fue buena en ambos grupos


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Female , Diclofenac/therapeutic use , Pharyngeal Diseases/drug therapy , Tonsillitis/drug therapy , Trimethoprim/therapeutic use
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