ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine on proliferation, apoptosis and histone modulation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line Molt-4 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The effect of Phenelzine on cell proliferation was detected by MTT. Apoptotic rate was measured by flow cytometry. The variation of apoptosis associated proteins Caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, tumor suppressor protein p15, and the expression level of histone methylation of H3K4, H3K9 and histone acetylation of H3, DNMT1 were detected by Western Blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>① Molt-4 cell proliferation rates were (87.68±3.54)%, (67.84±3.24)%, (51.48±3.37)%, (28.72±2.56)% respectively after exposured to phenelzine at 5, 10, 15, 20 μmol/L for 24 h, P<0.05. ② After 10 μmol/L of phenelzine exposure for 24, 48, 72 h, cell proliferation rates were (67.84±3.24)%, (50.24±2.01)%, (40.31±2.25)%, P<0.05. ③ The apoptotic rates were (13.64±2.58)%, (31.24±3.42)%, (56.37±4.26)% after phenelzine treatment at 5, 10, 20 μmol/L for 24 h, which was concentration dependent. ④ Phenelzine could upregulate the expression of Bax, caspase-3, p21, and downregulate Bcl-2 expression. Phenelzine upregulated the methylation level of histone H3K4me1, H3K4me2 and histone acetylated H3, while it didn't change the level of histone H3K4me3, H3K9me1, H3K9me2. ⑤ Phenelzine inhibited DNMT1 expression and promoted p15 expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Phenelzine increased the methylation of histone H3K4me1, H3K4me2, acetylation of histone H3 and p21, and decreased the expression of DNMT1 and p15, and ultimately inhibited the proliferation and apoptosis of Molt-4 cells.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Acetylation , Apoptosis , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins , Metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15 , Metabolism , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 , Metabolism , DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1 , DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases , Metabolism , Histones , Metabolism , Methylation , Phenelzine , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-I) belong to the earliest drugs tried in Parkinson's disease (PD). They have been used with or without levodopa (L-DOPA). Non-selective MAO-I due to their side-effect/adverse reaction profile, like tranylcypromine have limited use in the treatment of depression in PD, while selective, reversible MAO-A inhibitors are recommended due to their easier clinical handling. For the treatment of akinesia and motor fluctuations selective irreversible MAO-B inhibitors selegiline and rasagiline are recommended. They are safe and well tolerated at the recommended daily doses. Their main differences are related to (1) metabolism, (2) interaction with CYP-enzymes and (3) quantitative properties at the molecular biological/genetic level. Rasagiline is more potent in clinical practise and has a hypothesis driven more favourable side effect/adverse reaction profile due to its metabolism to aminoindan. Both selegiline and rasagiline have a neuroprotective and neurorestaurative potential. A head-to head clinical trial would be of utmost interest from both the clinical outcome and a hypothesis-driven point of view. Selegiline is available as tablet and melting tablet for PD and as transdermal selegiline for depression, while rasagiline is marketed as tablet for PD. In general, the clinical use of MAO-I nowadays is underestimated. There should be more efforts to evaluate their clinical potency as antidepressants and antidementive drugs in addition to the final proof of their disease-modifying potential. In line with this are recent innovative developments of MAO-I plus inhibition of acetylcholine esterase for Alzheimer's disease as well as combined MAO-I and iron chelation for PD.
Subject(s)
Acetylcholine , Alzheimer Disease , Antidepressive Agents , Depression , Freezing , Handling, Psychological , Head , Indans , Iron , Levodopa , Moclobemide , Monoamine Oxidase , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors , Parkinson Disease , Phenelzine , Selegiline , TranylcypromineABSTRACT
Fluoxetine, phenelzine and moclobemide are reference antidepressant drugs that are commonly used to treat depression. In a present study we have compared the efficacy of fluoxetine, phenelzine and moclobemide in the rodents using forced swimming test [FST] and the tail suspension test [TST]. All the drugs caused marked reduction in immobility time of rodents in a dose dependent manner in both models of depression but FST appeared to be more sensitive behavioral model than TST, in our study. Moclobemide showed the highest efficacy as it caused 87.7% reduction in immobility time in rats using FST with an efficacy order as moclobemide > phenelzine > fluoxetine. On the basis of IC[30] values for the drugs, fluoxetine appeared to be the most potent in our investigations
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Models, Animal , Fluoxetine , Phenelzine , Moclobemide , Antidepressive Agents , Hindlimb SuspensionABSTRACT
Os transtornos relacionados ao estresse pós-traumático - transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e transtorno agudo de estresse - têm recebido cada vez maior atençäo de clínicos e pesquisadores. Um quadro típico de sintomas surge após um indivíduo ver, estar envolvido, ou apenas ouvir sobre um evento extremamente estressor. As principais características clínicas säo a recordaçäo aflitiva do trauma, um padräo de evitaçäo de estímulos relacionados ao trauma e distanciamento afetivo, e uma constante hiperestimulaçäo autonômica. O tratamento envolve psicoterapia cognitivo-comportamental e o uso de psicofármacos
Subject(s)
Humans , Amitriptyline/administration & dosage , Amitriptyline/therapeutic use , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy , Imipramine/administration & dosage , Imipramine/therapeutic use , Phenelzine/administration & dosage , Phenelzine/therapeutic use , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use , Clonidine/administration & dosage , Clonidine/therapeutic use , Fluoxetine/administration & dosage , Fluoxetine/therapeutic use , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Propranolol/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Modelos etiólogicos e estratégias de tratamento cognitivas e comportamentais para o transtorno do pânico e da agarafobia são revistos. Uma discussão dos problemas epidemiológicos e clínicos associados a uma opção por: (1) um enfoque biológico que enfatiza apenas tratamentos farmacológicos; ou por (2) um enfoque psicológico que valoriza apenas tratamentos psicoterapêuticos é realizada, apontando para a necessidade de uma definição mais precisa da natureza destes transtornos e de seus tratamentos, tendo em vista as implicações de longo prazo, quando se busca uma remissão pura e simples da ansiedade. Defende-se a idéia de que a investigação cinetífica em um ou outro nível é igualmente relevante e irredutível; e que a escolha de uma ou outra estratégia de tratamento se dê por fatores específicos do problema de cada paciente mais do que por uma tendenciosidade adquirida profissionalmente
Subject(s)
Humans , Agoraphobia/drug therapy , Agoraphobia/therapy , Alprazolam/therapeutic use , Anti-Anxiety Agents , Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use , Clonazepam/therapeutic use , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Desipramine/therapeutic use , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Nortriptyline/therapeutic use , Phenelzine/therapeutic use , Panic Disorder/drug therapy , Panic Disorder/therapy , Tranylcypromine/therapeutic useABSTRACT
A farmacoterapia dos transtornos ansiosos está sendo padronizada atualmente nos serviços psiquiátricos. Este artigo revisa a abordagem clínica da farmacoterapia do transtorno do pânico. Para tanto lança mao de dados da literatura recente edas evidências da experiência clínica, enfatizando importantes elementos de informaçao para o tratamento, reavalia a variedade das classes de psicofármacos e apresenta sugestoes para o tratamento de casos de pacientes resistentes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Panic Disorder/drug therapy , Alprazolam/therapeutic use , Clonazepam/therapeutic use , Fluoxetine/therapeutic use , Imipramine/therapeutic use , Phenelzine/therapeutic use , Recurrence , Tranylcypromine/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Desde a época de Hipócrates, o problema da depressao persistente do humor era clinicamente conhecido. Kahlbaum descreveu pela primeira vez a Distimia no século 19, distinguindo-a da ciclotimia. Entretanto persistia a dificuldade de diferenciar um quadro de depressao leve de um traço depressivo de personalidade. No DSM-III, todas as depressoes crônicas, com mais de dois anos de evoluçao, foram definidas como transtornos distímicos. No DSM-III-R estao reunidos, na categoria dos transtornos afetivos, tanto a ciclotimia quanto a Distimia. A CID-10 inclui, sob a rubrica de Distimia, várias condiçoes nosológicas, entre as quais a depressao recorrente. Na atualidade, um grande número de questoes nao resolvidas subsistem com relaçao a esta categoria nosológica. A Distimia foi considerada ao longo dos anos como nao-responsiva ao tratamento antidepressivo. Durante a última década, estudos com antidepressivos tricíclios demonstraram a superioridade destes compostos sobre o placebo. O perfil dos efeitos colaterais dos tricíclicos e o moderado grau da sintomatologia reslutou em uma adesao reduzida e conseqüentemente numa impressao clínica de baixa eficácia. As novas geraçoes de antidepressivos (os inibidores seletivos de recuperaçao de seretonina e os IMAOs reversíveis do tipo A), com efeitos colaterais mais toleráveis, permitiu uma evoluçao adequada da farmacoterapia na Distimia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Depressive Disorder/drug therapy , Alprazolam/therapeutic use , Amitriptyline/therapeutic use , Depressive Disorder/classification , Depressive Disorder/history , Double-Blind Method , Imipramine/therapeutic use , International Classification of Diseases , Phenelzine/therapeutic use , PsychotherapyABSTRACT
Diversas säo as formas de tratamento aplicadas atualmente à fobia social. Neste trabalho säo revistos estudos sobre o emprego de técnicas cognitivas e comportamentais em amostras de pacientes fóbicos sociais. Algumas consideraçöes teóricas e críticas metodológicas säo apresentadas
Subject(s)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Phobic Disorders/therapy , Behavior Therapy , Phenelzine/therapeutic use , Phobic Disorders/drug therapyABSTRACT
Os inibidores da monoaminoxidase (IMAOs), nos últimos 15 anos, vêm sendo reabilitados dentro da psiquiatria. Por exemplo, considera-se, atualmente, que sejam agentes de primeira linha na depressäo atípica, fobia social e nos pacientes resistentes ou refratários aos antidepressivos tricíclicos (ADTs). Há indicaçöes ainda controvertidas, tal como sua utilizaçäo no idoso, onde o próprio fabricante da tranilcipromina contra-indica seu uso. Contudo, a depressäo no idoso muitas vezes cursa com elevada morbidade-mortalidade, existindo também um grupo significativo de pacientes apresentando refratariedade ou intolerância aos efeitos indesejáveis de antidepressivos como os tricíclicos, o que justifica alternativas como os IMAOs. Fez-se revisäo da literatura sobre a eficácia e segurança dos IMAOs no paciente geriátrico deprimido, ilustrando com quatro casos tratados no Programa de Ansiedade e Depressäo - UFRJ. Localizaram-se quatro ensaios abertos e três duplos-cegos, controlados, todos com resultados favoráveis em termos de eficácia, constituindo a hipotensäo ortostática o efeito indesejável mais comum e mais trabalhoso. Conclui-se que os IMAOs podem ser tratamento seguro e eficaz nessa faixa etária, na medida em que os doentes sigam dieta com baixa concentraçäo de tiramina e evitem drogas simpaticomiméticas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Depression/drug therapy , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Hypotension, Orthostatic/chemically induced , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Phenelzine/administration & dosage , Tranylcypromine/administration & dosageSubject(s)
Humans , Phenelzine/pharmacokinetics , Procainamide/pharmacokinetics , Sulfasalazine/pharmacokinetics , Dapsone/pharmacokinetics , Hydrazines/pharmacokinetics , Isoniazid/pharmacokinetics , Phenelzine/adverse effects , Procainamide/adverse effects , Sulfasalazine/adverse effects , Dapsone/adverse effects , Hydrazines/adverse effects , Isoniazid/adverse effects , Drug Evaluation , Genetic MarkersABSTRACT
The effect of Pheniramine(Avil), a histaminergic-1 receptor blocking agent presently employed in treating various allergic diseases on pressor actions of norepinephring(NE) and tyramine (TR) was studied in the rabbit. Pheniramine, when given into a femoral vein with a dose(3mg/kg) enough to block H1-receptor, potentiated markedly the pressor responses of NE and TR. The pressor action of NE augmented by pheniramine was not affected by additional adminstration of debrisoquin (Drenergic neuron blocker) or phenelzine(monoamine oxidase inhibitor) or desipramine(U1-uptake blocker), or while potentiated by additional treatment with chlorisondamine(ganglionic blocker)or reserpine(catecholamine depleter). The hypertensive response of NE to phenelzine or desipramine was reinforced significantly by addition of pheniramine, but the response of NE in rabbits treated with reserpine or chlorisondamine or debrisoquin was not influenced by pheniramine-addition. Elevation of blood pressure to TR potentiated by pheniramine was attenuated significantly by reserpine treatment with chlorisondamine made the significant augmentation of pressor action to TR after pheniramine. Tyramine-induced response of blood pressure after pheniramine, but the response of blood pressure to TR caused by phenelzine or desipramine was enhanced markedly by pheniramine-treatment. From the above experimental results, it is thought that the pressor effect of NE and TR potentiated by pheniramine is similar to that of debrisoquin, i.e. the sensitization of effector cell, and that central action of pheniramine can not ruled out.