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1.
Journal of Experimental Hematology ; (6): 1387-1393, 2021.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-922270

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the inhibitory effects of novel phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor ZL-n-91 to the proliferation of leukemia cells L1210 and K562.@*METHODS@#CCK-8 method was used to detect the effect of ZL-n-91 to the proliferation of L1210 and K562 cells, and the proliferation rate, IC@*RESULTS@#ZL-n-91 showed a significant inhibitory effect to the proliferation of leukemia cells L1210 and K562 in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.001). After treated by ZL-n-91, the leukemia cells L1210 and K562 in the S-phase in cell cycle decreased significantly compared with those in control group (P<0.01). The apoptosis of leukemia cells L1210 and K562 could be induced by ZL-n-91 (P<0.001), and the expression level of apoptosis related protein BAX significantly increased. In the animal experiment, the result showed that ZL-n-91 could significantly inhibit the growth of subcutaneously transplantation tumor (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The novel phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor ZL-n-91 can effectively inhibit the proliferation of leukemia cells L1210 and K562, which has the potential of anti-leukemia drug development.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Cell Proliferation , K562 Cells , Leukemia , Mice, Nude , Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors/pharmacology
2.
Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences ; (6): 659-665, 2021.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-922266

ABSTRACT

Inflammatory bowel disease is a recurrent chronic intestinal inflammatory disease with unknown etiology and no effective treatment. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) regulates a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes by mediating the hydrolysis of intracellular second messengers cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. In recent years, a series of researches suggest that PDE inhibitors such as several PDE4 inhibitors, PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil), PDE3 inhibitors (cilostazol), PDE9 inhibitor (PF-04447943) and PDE3/PDE4 double inhibitor (pumafentrine) have ameliorating effect on experimental colitis in animals. In clinical trials, PDE4 inhibitor apremilast showed more therapeutic advantage than tetomilast. This article reviews the recent research progress of PDE inhibitors in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.


Subject(s)
Animals , Colitis , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy , Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors
3.
Journal of the Korean Medical Association ; : 545-551, 2018.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-766537

ABSTRACT

The goals of management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are to reduce both current symptoms and future risks with minimal side effects from treatment. Identification and reduction of exposure to risk factors are important in the treatment and prevention of COPD. Appropriate pharmacologic therapy can reduce symptoms and exacerbations, and improve health status and exercise tolerance. To date, none of the existing medications for COPD has been shown to modify disease progression or reduce mortality. The classes of medication are bronchodilators including beta2-agonist, anticholinergics and anti-inflammatory drug including inhaled corticosteroid and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor such as roflumilast. Each treatment regimen needs to be individualized as the relationship between severity of symptoms, airflow limitation and severity of exacerbation can differ between patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bronchodilator Agents , Cholinergic Antagonists , Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 , Disease Progression , Drug Therapy , Exercise Tolerance , Mortality , Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Risk Factors
4.
The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ; : 429-437, 2017.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-728769

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relaxant and anti-inflammatory effects of two thalidomide analogs as phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors in pregnant rat uterus. Uteri from Wistar female rats were isolated at 19 day of pregnancy. Uterine samples were used in functional studies to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the thalidomide analogs, methyl 3-(4-nitrophthalimido)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-propanoate (4NO2PDPMe) and methyl 3-(4-aminophthalimido)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-propanoate (4APDPMe), on prostaglandin-F2α (PGF2α)-induced phasic, K⁺-induced tonic, and Ca²⁺-induced contractions. Accumulation of cAMP was quantified in uterine homogenates by ELISA. Anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by using ELISA for determination of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-1β, and anti-inflammatory IL-10, from uterine explants stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Nifedipine, forskolin and rolipram were used as positive controls where required. Both thalidomide analogs induced a significant inhibition of the uterine contractions induced by the pharmaco- and electro-mechanic stimuli. Nifedipine and forskolin were more potent than the analogs to inhibit the uterine contractility, but these were more potent than rolipram, and 4APDPMe was equieffective to nifedipine. Thalidomide analogs increased uterine cAMP-levels in a concentration-dependent manner. The LPS-induced TNFα and IL-1β uterine secretion was diminished in a concentration-dependent fashion by both analogs, whereas IL-10 secretion was increased significantly. The thalidomide analogs induced utero-relaxant and anti-inflammatory effects, which were associated with the increased cAMP levels as PDE-4 inhibitors in the pregnant rat uterus. Such properties place these thalidomide analogs as potentially safe and effective tocolytic agents in a field that urgently needs improved pharmacological treatments, as in cases of preterm labor.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Rats , Colforsin , Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 , Cytokines , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Interleukin-10 , Interleukins , Necrosis , Nifedipine , Obstetric Labor, Premature , Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors , Rolipram , Thalidomide , Tocolytic Agents , Uterine Contraction , Uterus
5.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 928-935, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-63330

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Roflumilast is the only oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor approved to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients [post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) <50% predicted] with chronic bronchitis and a history of frequent exacerbations. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of roflumilast in Korean patients with COPD and compared the efficacy based on the severity of airflow limitation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A post-hoc subgroup analysis was performed in Korean COPD patients participating in JADE, a 12-week, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase III trial in Asia. The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean [least-squares mean adjusted for covariates (LSMean)] change in post-bronchodilator FEV1 from baseline to each post-randomization visit. Safety endpoints included adverse events (AEs) and changes in laboratory values, vital signs, and electrocardiograms. RESULTS: A total of 260 Korean COPD patients were recruited, of which 207 were randomized to roflumilast (n=102) or placebo (n=105) treatment. After 12 weeks, LSMean post-bronchodilator FEV1 increased by 43 mL for patients receiving roflumilast and decreased by 60 mL for those taking placebo. Adverse events were more common in the roflumilast group than in the placebo group; however, the types and frequency of AEs were comparable to those reported in previous studies. CONCLUSION: Roflumilast significantly improved lung function with a tolerable safety profile in Korean COPD patients irrespective of the severity of airflow limitation.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aminopyridines/therapeutic use , Asian People , Benzamides/therapeutic use , Cyclopropanes/therapeutic use , Double-Blind Method , Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Republic of Korea , Respiratory Function Tests , Treatment Outcome
6.
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases ; : 321-325, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-20114

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The adverse effects of the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor roflumilast, appear to be more frequent in clinical practice than what was observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) clinical trials. Thus, we designed this study to determine whether adverse effects could be reduced by starting roflumilast at half the dose, and then increasing a few weeks later to 500 microg daily. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 85 patients with COPD who had taken either 500 microg roflumilast, or a starting dose of 250 microg and then increased to 500 microg. We analyzed all adverse events and assessed differences between patients who continued taking the drug after dose escalation and those who had stopped. RESULTS: Adverse events were reported by 22 of the 85 patients (25.9%). The most common adverse event was diarrhea (10.6%). Of the 52 patients who had increased from a starting dose of 250 microg roflumilast to 500 microg, 43 (82.7%) successfully maintained the 500 microg roflumilast dose. No difference in factors likely to affect the risk of adverse effects, was detected between the dose-escalated and the discontinued groups. Of the 26 patients who started with the 500 microg roflumilast regimen, seven (26.9%) discontinued because of adverse effects. There was no statistically significant difference in discontinuation rate between the dose-escalated and the control groups (p=0.22). CONCLUSION: Escalating the roflumilast dose may reduce treatment-related adverse effects and improve tolerance to the full dose. This study suggests that the dose-escalated regimen reduced the rate of discontinuation. However, longer-term and larger-scale studies are needed to support the full benefit of a dose escalation strategy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Protocols , Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 , Diarrhea , Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Retrospective Studies
7.
Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences ; (6): 353-358, 2014.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-251696

ABSTRACT

cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) is one of the hot targets for treatment of inflammatory diseases. PDE4 inhibitors can suppress inflammation by increasing the concentration of cAMP in inflammatory cells. The efficacy and safety evaluations of several PDE4 inhibitors are currently carried on in clinical trials, for example GSK256066 in asthma, roflumilast and GSK256066 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tetomilast in inflammatory bowel disease, and apremilast in dermatitis and arthritis etc. This article reviews the recent progress on PDE4-targeted therapy for inflammatory diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aminopyridines , Pharmacology , Aminoquinolines , Pharmacology , Arthritis , Drug Therapy , Asthma , Drug Therapy , Benzamides , Pharmacology , Cyclopropanes , Pharmacology , Dermatitis , Drug Therapy , Inflammation , Drug Therapy , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Drug Therapy , Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors , Pharmacology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Drug Therapy , Sulfones , Pharmacology , Thalidomide , Pharmacology , Thiazoles , Pharmacology
8.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2013 Jun; 51(6): 444-449
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-147612

ABSTRACT

Etazolate is a selective inhibitor of type 4 phosphodiesterase (PDE4) class enzyme. Antidepressant-like effect of etazolate has been previously demonstrated in the rodent models of depression. The present study was designed to investigate the anxiolytic-like activity of etazolate in experimental mouse models of anxiety. The putative anxiolytic effect of etazolate (0.25-1 mg/kg, ip) was studied in mice by using a battery of behavioural tests of anxiety such as elevated plus maze (EPM), light/dark (L/D) aversion, hole board (HB) and open field (OFT) with diazepam (2 mg/kg, ip) as reference anxiolytic. Like diazepam (2 mg/kg, ip), etazolate (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, ip) significantly increased the percentage of both time spent and entries into open arms in the EPM test. In the L/D test etazolate (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, ip) increased the both total time spent in and latency time to leave the light compartment. Etazolate (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, ip) also significantly increased head dipping scores and time spent in head dipping, whereas significantly decreased the head dipping latency in HB test. In addition, etazolate (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, ip) significantly increased the ambulation scores (square crossed) and number of rearing in OFT. In conclusion, these findings indicated that etazolate exhibited an anxiolytic-like effect in experimental models of anxiety and may be considered an alternative approach for the management of anxiety disorder.


Subject(s)
Animals , Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Anxiety/drug therapy , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Darkness , Diazepam/pharmacology , Emotions/drug effects , Etazolate/pharmacology , Light , Mice , Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors/pharmacology
9.
Brasília; CONITEC; 2012. tab.
Non-conventional in Portuguese | LILACS, BRISA | ID: biblio-875635

ABSTRACT

A DOENÇA: Definição: Segundo a "Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease" (GOLD), a Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) é uma patologia comum, prevenível e tratável, que se caracteriza por limitação persistente no fluxo de ar pulmonar, com caráter usualmente progressivo e associado com aumento da resposta inflamatória das vias aéreas e dos pulmões a gases e partículas nocivas. As exacerbações e comorbidades contribuem para a severidade geral da doença. Fisiopatologia: A limitação crônica do fluxo aéreo característica da DPOC é causada por uma mistura entre doença das pequenas vias aéreas (bronquiolite obstrutiva) e destruição do parênquima (enfisema), sendo que a contribuição de cada um destes processos varia de indivíduo para indivíduo. A inflamação crônica causa alterações estruturais e estreitamento das pequenas vias aéreas. A destruição do parênquima pulmonar, também por processos inflamatórios, leva a uma perda da adesão dos alvéolos às pequenas vias aéreas e decréscimo da elasticidade destas vias, que, por conseguinte leva a uma diminuição da capacidade destas permanecerem abertas durante a expiração. A limitação do fluxo aéreo é melhor medida pela espirometria, e este é o teste mais disponível e reprodutível para avaliar a função pulmonar. Classificação de Risco: Atualmente a DPOC é classificada em 4 estágios de severidade na dependência do grau de obstrução das vias aéreas medido pelo Volume Expiratório Forçado no 1º segundo (VEF1) e na relação entre o VEF1 e a Capacidade Vital Forçada (CVF) - VEF1/CVF. Estes estágios são: I - leve VEF1/CVF < 0,70; VEF1 >= 80% do previsto; II - moderada VEF1/CVF < 0,70; 50% <= VEF1 < 80% do previsto; III - grave VEF1/CVF < 0,70; 30% <= VEF1 < 50% do previsto; IV - muito grave VEF1/CVF < 0,70; VEF1< 30% do previsto ou VEF1 < 50% do previsto mais insuficiência respiratória crônica. Epidemiologia: A DPOC é uma das principais causas de mortalidade e morbidade no mundo e, desta forma, um importante problema de saúde pública mundial. Em 2000, segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde - OMS(4), a DPOC era a 5ª principal causa de mortalidade no mundo, com 4,5% das mortes, atrás apenas das doenças vasculares cerebrais e cardíacas, da HIV/AIDS e das infecções das vias aéreas inferiores. Em 2004, também segundo a OMS(5), a DPOC passou a ser 4ª principal causa de morte no mundo, com 5,1% das mortes, superando a HIV/AIDS. Além disso, quando consideramos a "carga de doença" (Burden of Disease) medida em QALY (Quality Adjusted Life Years ­ métrica que envolve a quantidade e a qualidade dos anos vividos), estima-se que a DPOC passará da 13ª patologia no ranking mundial em 2004 para a 5ª em 2030, possivelmente decorrente do envelhecimento populacional e da industrialização dos países de baixa renda. No Brasil, estima-se que entre 3 e 7 milhões de brasileiros tenham DPOC. Segundo dados do DATASUS, a DPOC gerou no ano de 2010, no Sistema Nacional de Saúde Pública, 141.994 hospitalizações que levaram a 778.428 dias de internação. O custo total dessas internações foi de R $ 92.434.415,51 e 7.937 mortes diretamente relacionadas com a DPOC. Segundo a Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia (SBPT), a prevalência de DPOC no Brasil é de 15,8% em adultos acima de 40 anos. TRATAMENTO: Segundo o GOLD 2011(1) os principais aspectos da terapêutica do paciente com DPOC são: -O abandono do hábito de fumar nos pacientes fumantes, o que pode ser obtido tanto pelo aconselhamento frequente dos pacientes, quanto por medidas terapêuticas (brupopiona, nortriptilina e Vareniclina). A cessação do tabagismo é a medida com maior potencial para evitar a evolução da doença; -A vacinação contra Influenza e pneumococos que diminuem os quadros infecciosos responsáveis por períodos de exacerbação; -Medidas de reabilitação e condicionamento físico que melhoram a qualidade de vida do paciente e sua capacidade para realização de atividades físicas; -Utilização de fármacos tanto na fase estável da doença, a fim de diminuir a intensidade e a frequência das crises, quanto nas crises, visando a retirada do paciente desta fase de exacerbação aguda da doença. A farmacoterapia utilizada no tratamento da DPOC, e que é o cerne deste parecer, é composta por diversas classes de medicações como: os Beta2 agonistas de curta e longa ação (LABA), os anticolinérgicos de curta e longa ação (LAMA), os corticoides sistêmicos e inalatórios (ICS), os inibidores inespecíficos da fosfodiesterase (metilxantinas), os inibidores específicos da fosfodiesterase 4 (roflumilaste), assim como diversas combinações destas medicações. A escolha do medicamento ou combinação de medicações a ser utilizada depende da disponibilidade, do custo, do grau da doença (baseado nos riscos e sintomas clínicos, segundo o GOLD 2011) e da resposta do paciente a estas medicações. A TECNOLOGIA: Roflumilaste - Indicação aprovada na Anvisa: tratamento de manutenção de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) grave associada com bronquite crônica (tosse e expectoração crônicas) que apresentam histórico de exacerbações (crises) frequentes, em complementação ao tratamento com broncodilatadores. Indicação proposta para incorporação: tratamento de manutenção de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) grave associada com bronquite crônica (tosse e expectoração crônicas) que apresentam histórico de exacerbações (crises) frequentes, em complementação ao tratamento com broncodilatadores. EVIDÊNCIAS CIENTÍFICAS: Além da análise dos estudos apresentados pelo demandante, a Secretaria-Executiva da CONITEC realizou busca na literatura por artigos científicos, com o objetivo de encontrar Revisões Sistemáticas e Ensaios Clínicos Randomizados (ECR), considerados a melhor evidência para avaliar a eficácia de uma tecnologia usada para tratamento. As bases pesquisadas foram Medline® (via PubMed), The Cochrane Library (via Bireme) e CRD (Centre for Reviews and Dissemination). Os termos utilizados na busca foram "roflumilast AND COPD". Foram considerados os estudos publicados até o dia 01/05/2012, nos idiomas inglês, português ou espanhol. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: O esquema terapêutico da DPOC estável tem sido motivo de muito debate nos últimos anos e observa-se uma grande complexidade nos algoritmos atualmente propostos em decorrência dos diferentes graus de gravidade da doença, bem como da quantidade de terapias disponíveis. Recentemente, esta complexidade aumentou ainda mais com a chegada de uma nova classe de medicações, os inibidores da fosfodiesterase 4, que parece muito promissora para o tratamento de grupos específicos de pacientes com DPOC, notadamente aqueles com quadros mais severos e exacerbações frequentes. O roflumilaste, agente da classe dos inibidores da fosfodiesterase 4, que foi aprovado por agências de regulação nacionais como FDA (Estados Unidos da América), EMA (Europa) e ANVISA (Brasil) para ser utilizado no tratamento do DPOC estável, tem sido motivo de especial atenção em decorrência de trabalhos científicos que mostram sua utilidade clínica e segurança: M2-107(19); M2-112(22); M2-124 e M2-125(12); M2-127 e M2-128(8). Em 2011, o GOLD(1) incluiu o roflumilaste no algoritmo terapêutico da DPOC, em conjunto com outras classes de medicamento como o LAMA, LABA e ICS, como esquemas possíveis de serem utilizados como 2ª opção de terapia em pacientes não respondedores às terapias de 1ª escolha. No que tange aos aspectos de custo-efetividade, as análises são ainda mais restritas, limitadas a três no levantamento da literatura realizado neste parecer. Como limitações ao estudo, os autores colocam a falta de dados disponíveis comparando as opções terapêuticas umas contra as outras e ressaltam a necessidade de trabalhos futuros a fim de melhorar a precisão das análises realizadas. Desta forma, podemos observar que os trabalhos realizados até o momento tanto sob o aspecto clínico quanto sob o aspecto econômico da utilização do roflumilaste na terapia do DPOC ainda são limitados. Estas limitações têm levado a uma restrição à incorporação do roflumilaste no sistema público de saúde em países como Inglaterra, Canadá e Irlanda. DELIBERAÇÃO FINAL: Na reunião da CONITEC aos dois dias do mês de agosto de 2012, após discussão e não tendo sido apresentadas mais informações sobre o uso do medicamento, os membros da CONITEC presentes, deliberaram, por unanimidade, não recomendar a incorporação do medicamento Roflumilaste para Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) grave associada à Bronquite Crônica. DECISÃO: PORTARIA Nº 39, de 27 de setembro de 2012 - Torna pública a decisão de não incorporar o medicamento roflumilaste para Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) grave associada com Bronquite Crônica no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).


Subject(s)
Humans , Bronchitis, Chronic , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors , Unified Health System , Brazil , Cost-Benefit Analysis/economics
10.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica ; (12): 571-575, 2007.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-281874

ABSTRACT

Cyclic nucleotide second messages (cAMP and cGMP) play a central role in signal transduction and regulation of physiologic responses. The only way to inactivate them is to degrade them through the action of phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Recent advances show that PDE4, a cAMP specific phosphodiesterase, has specific functions in regulating the activities of the cardiovascular system. PDE4 is expressed in the cells of cardiovascular systems including cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, and vascular endothelial cells. The expression level of PDE4 is shown to be downregulated in the failure hearts, while it is upregulated in hypertrophied hearts. And PDE4 deficiency in mice is associated with a cardiac phenotype comprised of a progressive, age-related cardiomyopathy, accelerated heart failure after myocardial infarction and exercise-induced arrhythmias. Local levels of cAMP regulate the precise opening of the ryanodine receptor complex (RyR2) which releases calcium at the start of a heartbeat. Loss or inhibition of PDE4 activity increases calcium flow through RyR2, and causes leakiness and heart failure in mice. These finding may show us a new target for treating cardiovascular diseases.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Cardiovascular System , Cyclic AMP , Physiology , Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 , Chemistry , Physiology , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular , Myocytes, Cardiac , Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors , Signal Transduction
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