Factors related to biologic behavior in giant cell tumor of bone / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the histogenesis of giant cell tumor (GCT) and factors related to tumor recurrence, invasiveness and malignant transformation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical features, radiologic classification, surgical approach, pathologic findings, immunophenotypes and follow-up data of 123 cases of GCT were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was a significant correlation between tumor recurrence and radiographic classification (P = 0.032), over-expression of CD147 (P = 0.034) and p53 (P = 0.005), and surgical approach (P = 0.0048) in GCT. The biologic behavior showed no correlation with intramedullary infiltration, cortical bone involvement, parosteal soft tissue extension, tumor thrombi, fusiform changes of mononuclear tumor cells, mitotic count, Ki-67 index, coagulative tumor necrosis, secondary aneurysmal bone cyst formation, and adjoining bony reaction. The positive rate of p63 in stromal cells of GCT (79.7%, 94/118) was significantly higher than that in chondroblastoma (44.7%, 21/47), osteosarcoma (22.2%, 10/45) and other giant cell-rich tumors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>GCT is a bone tumor of low malignant potential. It is sometimes characterized by locally invasive growth, active proliferation, coagulative necrosis, secondary aneurysmal bone cyst and surrounding bony reaction. It is difficult to predict the biologic behavior of GCT. Over-expression of p53 in the tumor cells and CD147 in all components of GCT correlate with tumor invasiveness, recurrence and malignant transformation. Selection of suitable surgical approach with reference to radiologic classification is considered as an important factor in reducing the recurrence rate.</p>

Studies on glucose-metabolizing enzymes in cytosolic and bacteroidal fractions of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris L.) nodules.

Nitrogen is exported in the form of ureides or amides from the nodules in pulse crops. In order to understand the carbon metabolism in ureide and amide exporting nodules, activities of enzymes involved in glucose metabolism were compared in cytosolic and bacteroidal fractions of mungbean (ureide exporter) and lentil (amide exporter) nodules during development. Activities of hexokinase, fructokinase, phosphoglucomutase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, phosphohexose isomerase and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase were detected in cytosolic fraction of nodules of both the crops during development. Out of these enzymes, specific activity of phosphohexose isomerase was the highest in nodules of both the crops, in comparison with other enzymes. In comparison with mungbean, activities of various enzymes were less in cytosolic fraction of lentil. Activities of hexokinase, fructokinase, phosphoglucomutase were present only in cytosolic fraction of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), however, low activity of these enzymes was also observed in lentil (Lens culinaris L.) bacteroids. Activities of phosphohexose isomerase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were higher in bacteroids of lentil, as compared to mungbean during early nodule development, but this pattern was reversed with progress of crop development. Higher activities of phosphoglucomutase and fructose-1,6-phosphatase in mungbean cytosolic fraction could lead to increased flow of carbon towards pentose phosphate pathway.

Erythrocyte phosphoglucomutase activity of bipolar I patients currently using lithium or carbamazepine

Lithium has been used for the last five decades to treat bipolar disorder, but the molecular basis of its therapeutic effect is unknown. Phosphoglucomutase is a key enzyme in the metabolism of glycogen. In yeast, rabbit and human HEK293 cells, it is inhibited by lithium in the therapeutic concentration range. We measured the phosphoglucomutase activity in erythrocytes and the inhibitor constant for lithium in a population of healthy subjects and compared them to those of bipolar patients treated with lithium or carbamazepine. The specific activity of phosphoglucomutase measured in vitro in erythrocytes from control subjects presented a normal distribution, with the difference between the lowest and the highest activity being approximately 2-fold (0.53-1.10 nmol mg Hb-1 min-1). Comparison of phosphoglucomutase activity in untreated bipolar patients and control subjects showed no significant difference, whereas comparison between bipolar patients treated with carbamazepine or lithium revealed significantly lower mean values in patients treated with carbamazepine (747.3 ± 27.6 vs 879.5 ± 35.9 pmol mg Hb-1 min-1, respectively). When we studied the concentration of lithium needed to inhibit phosphoglucomutase activity by 50 percent, a bimodal distribution among the population tested was obtained. The concentration of LiCl needed to inhibit phosphoglucomutase activity by 50 percent was 0.35 to 1.8 mM in one group of subjects and in the other it was 3 to 4 mM. These results suggest that phosphoglucomutase activity may be significant in patients with bipolar disorder treated with lithium and carbamazepine.

Polymorphic and sex-limited phosphoglucomutase in Parastrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae)

Phosphoglucomutase was studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the Thailand and Hawaii isolates of Parastrongylus cantonensis (also known as Angiostrongylus cantonensis). Two loci were present. The faster-moving locus (PGM-1) was polymorphic in the Hawaii isolate, represented by two alleles - the faster-moving, less common Pgm-1A and the slower-moving, more common Pgm-1B . It was monomorphic for the faster-moving allele Pgm-1A in the Thailand isolate. The slower-moving locus (PGM-2) was invariant, with a single band of enzyme activity, in the female worms of both the Thailand and Hawaii isolates. There was no detectable enzyme activity at this PGM-2 locus in the male worms of both isolates. The non-expression or 'null' PGM-2 phenotype in the male worms was presumed to be sex- limited. The present findings differ significantly in several aspects (polymorphic locus, proportion of polymorphic loci, heterozygosity, deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations, sex-limited expression) from the Japan isolate of P. cantonensis reported in the literature.

PGM1 genotyping by PCR-SSCP / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#PGM1 genotyping by PCR-SSCP analysis.@*METHODS@#Amplified genome DNA from 156 unrelated Han individuals living in Wuhan, PCR products for exon 4 and exon 8 of PGM1 were then analyzed by SSCP to detect the genotypes.@*RESULTS@#2 alleles and 3 genotypes were detected in exon 4 and 8 respectively. The discrimination power was 0.7318. PCR-SSCP analysis was suitable for determination of PGM1 genotypes from old blood and semen stains.@*CONCLUSION@#PGM1 system typed by PCR-SSCP is useful for forensic identification.

Study of some biochemical and genetic aspects of schizophrenic disorders

Molecular genetics and Biochemistry have been devoted to establish the genetic contribution to aetiology of schizophrenia. The biochemical changes in brain neurotransmitters may contribute to the patho genesis of schizophrenia. The human platelets contain monoamine oxidase [MAO] which is similar in many physiochemical properties to that of the brain, the similarity was also established between brain catechol-O-methytransferase [COMT] and acetyicholinesterase [AChE] and that of RBCs. So, this study was directed towards monitoring the platelet MAO and RBCs, COMT and AchE as possible indices for the CNS cellular events. The present study was carried out on 144 subjects classified into normal control group free of any psychiatric manifestation and schizophrenic patients group. Assessment of the changes in neurotransmitters metabolism, was tested e.g. that of catecholamine and acetylcholine by determination of the activity of the enzymes involved in its catabolism e.g. MAO, COMT and AChE either by fluorimetric method or colorimetric method. Our results indicated a highly significant reduction in platelets MAO activity among schizophrenic patients than control group [P<0.001]. Concerning the COMT activity, there was no statistical significant difference between control and patients group. Assessment of AChE activity indicated a significant reduction in patients group [P<0.02]. So, the changes in cholinergic activity in relation of that catecholamine may play a role in the explanations of schizophrenic dysfunction. The genetic contribution was conducted by phenotyping of group specific component [Gc] and phosphoglucomutase I [PGMI] as genetic makers of schizophrenia using isoelectro focusing techniques. In the present study analyzing the distribution of different Gc genotypes among control and schizophrenic groups demonstrated the increase of Gc 2-1 genotype frequency among schizophrenics [P<0.001] with a relative risk factor of RR=2.56. There was significant difference in distribution of PGM1 1+1+ between normal control group and schizophrenic group [P<0.001]. No correlation could be detected between MAO, COMT, AChE enzyme activity and Gc genotypes or PGM1 phenotypes

red fox, vulpes v. Aegyptiaca, a new host of leishmania major in Sinai peninsula

A leishmanial isolate was obtained from the ear of one red fox or Nile fox [Vulpes v. aegyptiaca] out of eight from North Sinai Governorate. The isolate was typed by the enzymatic variant profiles of the four enzymes, GPI, G6PD, 6PGD and PGM against the three old world reference strains, L. major, L. Tropica and L. Donovani and proved to be Leishmania major. This is the second time that L. major appeared to occur in canine hosts. The list of the mammalian hosts of L. Major was reviewed and discussed

Influence of exercise on the activity and the distribution between free and bound forms of glycolytic and associated enzymes in tissues of horse mackerel

The effects of short-term burst (5 min at 1.8 m/s) swimming and long-term cruiser (60 min at 1.2 m/s) swimming on maximal enzyme activities and enzyme distribution between free and bound states were assessed for nine glycolytic and associated enzymes in tissues of horse mackerel, Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus. The effects of exercise were greatest in white muscle. The activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) all decreased to 47, 37, 37 and 67 percent, respectively, during 60-min exercise and all enzymes except phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) and PGM showed a change in the extent of binding to subcellular particulate fractions during exercise. In red muscle, exercise affected the activities of PGI, FBPase, PFK, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and altered percent binding of only PK and LDH. In liver, exercise increased the PK activity 2.3-fold and reduced PGI 1.7-fold only after 5 min of exercise but altered the percent binding of seven enzymes. Fewer effects were seen in brain, with changes in the activities of aldolase and PGM and in percent binding of hexokinase, PFK and PK. Changes in enzyme activities and in binding interactions with subcellular particulate matter appear to support the altered demands of tissue energy metabolism during exercise

Frecuencias alélicas y fenotípicas de los marcadores genéticos enzimáticos: Fosfoglucomutasa 1 (FGM 1), Esterasa D (EsD) y Fosfatasa ácida eritrocitaria (FAE) en población residente en la ciudad de Medellín, 1996-1997 / Allelic and phenotypic frequencies of the enzymatic genetic markers: Phosphoglucomutase 1 (FGM 1), Esterase D (EsD) and Erythrocyte acid phosphatase (FAE) in the population residing in the city of Medellín, 1996-1997

Este estudio descriptivo de las enzimas Fosfoglucomutasa 1 (FGM 1), Esterasa D (EsD) y Fosfatasa ácida eritrocitaria (FAE) como marcadores genéticos polimórficos, se realizó en 145 muestras de sangre, tomadas a igual número de donantes de los tres principales bancos de sangre de la ciudad, por el método de electroforesis convencional, con sistema de refrigeración, en gel de agarosa.La probabilidad de identificación para cada uno de los marcadores fue buena; la mejor fue la subtipificación de la FGM1, seguida de la FAE por ser las más polimórficas. Igual resultado se obtuvo para el poder de discriminación.Las frecuencias alélicas y fenotípicas se encontraron de manera representativa en la población, en la que estaban presentes 21 de los 22 fenotipos posibles.Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los tres marcadores enzimáticos estudiados se encuentran en equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg, lo cual se comprobó aplicando el método estadístico ?2 y la corrección de Bonferroni para la FGM 1 subtipo; por ello son de gran utilidad para cálculos de probabilidad en casos forenses con población residente en Antioquia, pues se encontró que dada la procedencia de los donantes y sus padres se puede hacer inferencia a todo el departamento.

Intelligence and genetic markers in Chilean children

Genetic markers and total intelligence quotient (IQ) assessed by WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) were studied in children of both sexes from Santiago, Chile. Heterozygous boys for phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM) and heterozygous girls for haptoglobin (Hp) had lower IQ than homozygoytes. For ABO system, B girls had lower and B boys had higher IQ than children with other ABO phenotypes. These differences were highly significant with the two tailed t'-test (Student's t-test with the Welch-Satterthwaite correction for degrees of freedom), and most of them remained significant after the correction for multiple comparisons. Girls had greater variance of IQ than boys. Relationships between homozygotes and heterozygotes were found in two independent studies. Thus, the genetic relationship found here seems likely to be a true biotic effect.

Isoenzyme profile as parameter to differentiate pathogenic strains of Entamoeba histolytica in Brazil

O perfil isoenzimatico (PI) de 33 cepas de E. histolytica, isoladas das regioes Amazonica e Sudoeste do Brasil foi determinado. Foram consideradas as enzimas fosfoglicomutase e enzima malica. O perfil obtido para cada cepa foi correlacionado com o meio e o tempo de manutencao em cultivo e com a historia clinica do paciente. As cepas foram mantidas sobre condicoes de cultivo axenico, monoxenico e polixenico; 27 polixenico, 1 polixenico e monoxenico, 1 polixenico, monoxenico e axenico e 4 somente em cultivo axenico. Os pacientes apresentam sintomas ou nao...

Composición genética de la población chilena: los yamanas de Ukika / Genetic composition of chilean population: the yamanas from Ukika

The genetic composition of a group of 24 Yamana indians that survive in Puerto Williams, navarino Island, Chile (parallel 55 south of Tierra del Fuego), was studied. Results showed that these indians have a different genetic composition than Pehuenche indians, specially for HLA system and sterase D. This fact validates the hypothesis based on archeological and antropological evidence, about the paleoindian origin of Yamanas

Variations in isoenzymes of cloned & uncloned axenic Entamoeba histolytica without bacterial association.

Five clones of axenic E. histolytica (HMI) grown as discrete colonies in semisolid agar medium were adapted in liquid medium and labelled as HMI-C121, HMI-C131, HMI-C143, HMI-C144 and HMI-C145. Isoenzymes of these 5 clones of E. histolytica (HMI) were investigated in starch gel electrophoresis. There were no differences in the electromobility of maleate NADP oxidoreductase and glucosephosphoisomerase amongst the five clones and uncloned cultures of axenic E. histolytica. The relative electromobility (rf) of a single phosphoglucomutase (PGM) band of uncloned Mexican E. histolytica (HMI) and Indian axenic E. histolytica (KCG: 0986: 11) cultures and cloned E. histolytica HMI-C121, HMI-C145 was 0.087 while a single PGM band of uncloned E. histolytica (NIH: 200) and cloned E. histolytica HMI-C131, HMI-C143 and HMI-C144 cultures had rf of 0.075. Isoenzyme characterization of four cloned HMI-C121, HMI-C131, HMI-C143, HMI-C144 cultures of axenic E. histolytica (HMI) revealed existence of three bands of hexokinase (HK). The additional third band of HK was located close to the place of application of lysate and had rf ranging from 0.11-0.14. The data indicated that parent axenic E. histolytica (HMI) consisted of several populations and each population expressed different isoenzyme pattern without an association of amoebic cultures with any bacterial species.

value of serum glycolytic enzymes in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy monitoring of acute childhood leukemia and lymphoma

Serum aldolase [ALD], phosphoglucomutase [PGM], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] and enolase [ENL] were studied in 34 cases with acute leukemia including 22 cases with acute lymphocytic leukemia [ALL] and 12 cases with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia [ANLL]; 35 cases with lymphomas formed of 29 cases with non-Hodgkins lymphomna [NHL] and 6 cases with Hodgkins lymphoma [HL]; and 25 controls. Significantly higher glycolytic enzyme activities were observed in all disease groups studied before treatment than the controls. Cases with abdominal NHL showed significantly higher serum glyeolytic enzyme activities than either head and neck NHL or mediastinal NHL. There was significant positive correlation between both serum LDH and aldolase activities and the rate of relapse in eases with NHL. Serum LDH showed the highest sensitivity in diagnosing cases with ALL and cases with NHL while serum aldolase showed the highest sensitivity in diagnosing cases with ANLL. Significantly higher serum glycolytic enzyme activities were observed in all disease groups studied before clinical and/or hematological relapse than controls by a period ranged from 2.5 to 6 months [Biochemical relapse]. Serum enolase activity showed significantly higher values in cases of ALL with than without CNS relapse. These glycolytic enzymes appeared to be useful markers in diagnoses, prognosis and early relapse detection of ALL cases, ANLL cases and NHL cases. Serum enolase estimation also may be of value in detecting CNS relapse in cases with ALL

Phosphoglucomutase proteins in human milk

O polimorfismo do loco 4 da fosfoglicomutase foi investigado em uma amostra de colostro obtida de 652 mulheres (60% brancas e 40% negras), coletada 24 a 48 hs. após o parto, em Porto Alegre, Brasil. Uma nova amostra de leite foi obtida de 175 dessas mulheres com cerca de 17 dias de lactaçäo. No colostro observou-se um acentuado desvio no equilíbrio de hardy-Weinberg, havendo em geral um excesso de homozigotos e deficiência de heterozigotos. No leite, no entanto, esse desequilíbrio näo ocorreu. As diferenças entre as duas distribuiçöes säo devidas à detecçäo de padröes nas amostras que näo apresentavam atividade no primeiro período, assim como a variabilidade na ativaçäo enzimática, que pode ocorrer no início da lactaçäo. As frequências gênicas no leite (n = 175) foram: brancos (n = 127) PGM4*1 = 0,20, PGM4*2 = 0,41, PGM4*3 = 0,38, PGM4*4 = 0,01; negróides (n = 48) PGM4*1 = 0,15, PGM4*2 = 0,52, PGM4*3 = 0,32 e PGM4*4 = 0,01

Placental phosphoglucomutase polymorphism in Porto Alegre, Brazil

A fosfoglucomutase placental (locos PGM1, PGM2 e PGN3) foi investigada em uma amostra de 442 recém-nascidos (54% Brancos e 46% Negros) da populaçäo de Porto Alegre. As freqüências gênicas observadas foram: Branco: PGMI*2 = 0.24, PGM2*1 = 1.00 e PGm3*2 = 0.32; Negros: PGM1*2 = 0.22, PGM2*1 = 1.00 e PGM3*2 = 0.45. Detectou-se entre os negros um indivíduo heterozigoto para um possível alelo nulo no loco PGM1. Näo foi verificada associaçäo nas distribuiçöes conjuntas entre os locos PGN1 e PGM3, bem como, näo se encontrou efeito dos fenótipos de PGN1 e PGM3 no desenvolvimento do feto ou da placenta

Isoenzyme analyses of Malaysian Schistosoma, S. mekongi and S. japonicum by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel.

Isoenzyme patterns of adult Malaysian Schistosoma, S. mekongi and S. japonicum strains were analysed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) in polyacrylamide gel. Enzyme patterns obtained from Malaysian Schistosoma homogenates differed from those of S. mekongi and S. japonicum strains. Malaysian Schistosoma was found to differ from S. japonicum by 8 enzymes, namely phosphoglucomutase, phosphoglucoisomerase, malate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, hydroxy-butyrate dehydrogenase, hexokinase and alkaline phosphatase, and from S. mekongi by phosphoglucomutase, malate dehydrogenase, aldolase and alkaline phosphatase. These results and the distinct biology of the parasite suggest that Malaysian Schistosoma is a new species in the S. japonicum complex.