ABSTRACT
Introdução: As enteroparasitoses são foco de investigações científicas no mundo todo. Urbanorumspp. foi reconhecido como parasita em 1994 no Peru, expandindo-se pela América do Sul. Relatado pela primeira vez no Brasil em 2018, Maranhão. Este relato apresenta o segundo caso no estado do Paraná. Relato de caso: Paciente masculino, 56 anos, 75kg, diabético, habitante de São José dos Pinhais, área urbana. Procura atenção primária por dor ao evacuar, tenesmo e cólica abdominal. Nega diarréia, febre, sangue nas fezes e viagem recente. Exame físico abdominal, hemograma e parcial de urina sem alterações. Parasitológico de fezes: Urbanorum spp. Prescrito Nitazoxanida 500mg 12/12h por 3 dias. Paciente retorna com melhora da sintomatologia e parasitológico de controle negativo. Conclusão: Atualmente a escassez de estudos primários prospectivos dificultam o delineamento clínico-epidemiológico e tratamento da parasitose. A disseminação do parasita entre extremos do país em curto intervalo de tempo, aliada à carência de saneamento básico criam um alerta para seu grande potencial epidêmico. Por isso, as políticas de saúde pública devem priorizar ações informativas e preventivas a fim de evitar surtos e complicações. A atenção primária à saúde é fundamental nesse contexto, justamente pela longitudinalidade e abrangência do cuidado.
Background: Enteroparasitosis are the focus of scientific research worldwide. Urbanorum spp. was recognized as a parasite in Peru in 1994, expanding throughout South America. Reported for the first time in Brazil, state of Maranhão, in 2018. This report presents the second case in the state of Paraná. Case report: Male patient, 56 years old, 75kg, diabetic, inhabitant of São José dos Pinhais, urban area, seeks primary care for pain on bowel movement, tenesmus and abdominal cramps. Denies diarrhea, fever, bloody stools, recent trip. Abdominal examination, blood count and partial urine without changes. Stool parasitology: urbanorum spp. Prescribed Nitazoxanide 500mg 12/12h for 3 days. Patient returns with improvement of symptomatology and parasitological negative control. Conclusion:Currently, the scarcity of prospective studies and meta-analyzes make clinical-epidemiological design and treatment of parasitosis difficult. The spread of the parasite between extremes of the country in a short period of time, coupled with the lack of basic sanitation create a warning for its great epidemic potential. Therefore, public health policies should prioritize informative and preventive actions in order to avoid outbreaks and complications. Primary health care is fundamental in this context, precisely because of the longitudinally and comprehensiveness of care.
Introducción: Las enteroparasitosis el punto de enfoque de investigaciones científicas en todo el mundo. Urbanorum spp fue reconocido cómo parásito en 1994 en el Peru, expandiéndose en América do Sul. Relatado por primera vez en Brasil, Maranhão, 2018. Este informe se encuentra en segundo lugar en el estado de Paraná. Relato del caso: Paciente masculino, 56 años, 75 kg, diabético, habitante de São José dos Pinhais, área urbana. Búsqueda atención primaria por dolor al defecar, tenesmo, y dolor abdominal. Nega diarrea, fiebre, sangre en heces o viaje reciente. Examen físico abdominal, hemograma e tests de orina sin modificaciones. Análisis parasitología: urbanorum spp. Prescripto Nitazoxanide 500mg 12/12h durante 3 días. Paciente volvió con alivio sintomático e materia fecal negativo. Conclusión: En la actualidad la escasez de estudios prospectivos y metanálisis dificultan la delineación clínico-epidemiológica y el tratamiento de la parasitosis. La diseminación del parásito entre los extremos del país en un corto período de tiempo, junto con la falta de saneamiento básico, crea una alerta por su gran potencial epidémico. Por lo tanto, las políticas de salud pública deben priorizar las acciones informativas y preventivas para evitar brotes y complicaciones. La atención primaria de salud es fundamental en este contexto, precisamente por la longitudinalidad y la amplitud de la atención.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Protozoan Infections/diagnosis , Abdominal Pain/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Protozoan Infections/drug therapy , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/drug therapy , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
RESUMEN Las infecciones por protozoos son prevalentes a nivel mundial, en particular en pacientes inmunosuprimidos. Comunicamos el caso de una paciente procedente de la ciudad de Viña del Mar, Chile, portadora de leucemia mieloide aguda en quiense confirmó una infección por Lophomonas sp. en lavado bronquioalveolar. Se manejó con antibióticos, pero falleció decomplicaciones de su enfermedad de base. Existe poca literatura disponible respecto a este microorganismo. Concluimos que debe considerarse a Lophomonas sp. como posibilidad diagnóstica si se encuentran protozoos en lavados bronquioalveolares de pacientes inmunosuprimidos.
ABSTRACT Protozoic infections are prevalent worldwide, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. We reported the case of a patient from the city of Viña del Mar, Chile, a carrier of acute myeloid leukemia in whom an infection by Lophomonas sp. was confirmed by bronchoalveolar lavage. She was treated with antibiotics but died of complications of the underlying disease. There is little literature available on this microorganism. We conclude that Lophomonas sp. should be considered as a diagnostic possibility if protozoa are found in bronchoalveolar lavage of immunosuppressed patients.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Protozoan Infections , Parabasalidea , Lung Diseases, Parasitic , Protozoan Infections/complications , Protozoan Infections/diagnosis , Protozoan Infections/drug therapy , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications , Fatal Outcome , Lung Diseases, Parasitic/complications , Lung Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Parasitic/drug therapyABSTRACT
To evaluate the efficacy of ronidazole for treatment of Tritrichomonas foetus infection, 6 Tritrichomonas-free kittens were experimentally infected with a Korean isolate of T. foetus. The experimental infection was confirmed by direct microscopy, culture, and single-tube nested PCR, and all cats demonstrated trophozoites of T. foetus by day 20 post-infection in the feces. From day 30 after the experimentally induced infection, 3 cats were treated with ronidazole (50 mg/kg twice a day for 14 days) and 3 other cats received placebo. Feces from each cat were tested for the presence of T. foetus by direct smear and culture of rectal swab samples using modified Diamond's medium once a week for 4 weeks. To confirm the culture results, the presence of T. foetus rRNA gene was determined by single-tube nested PCR assay. All 3 cats in the treatment group receiving ronidazole showed negative results for T. foetus infection during 2 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks follow-up by all detection methods used in this study. In contrast, rectal swab samples from cats in the control group were positive for T. foetus continuously throughout the study. The present study indicates that ronidazole is also effective to treat cats infected experimentally with a Korean isolate of T. foetus at a dose of 50 mg/kg twice a day for 14 days.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Male , Antiprotozoal Agents/administration & dosage , Cat Diseases/drug therapy , Disease Models, Animal , Feces/parasitology , Parasitology/methods , Placebos/administration & dosage , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Protozoan Infections/drug therapy , Ronidazole/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome , Tritrichomonas foetus/geneticsABSTRACT
O Trypanosoma cruzi é o agente etiológico da tripanossomíase americana ou doença de Chagas. A infecção ocorre desde o sul dos EUA até o sul da Argentina e cerca de 20 milhões de pessoas da América Latina correm o risco de adquirir a doença. Já a leishmaniose é causada por aproximadamente 17 diferentes espécies de protozoários unicelulares pertencentes à família Trypanosomatidae. Aproximadamente 350 milhões de pessoas correm o risco de contrair a infecção e estimam-se que existam 12 milhões de pessoas infectadas. A quimioterapia para estas duas doenças negligenciadas é limitada e os fármacos disponíveis na terapêutica são tóxicos, com eficácia discutível, podem causar resitência e, ocasionalmente, a administração parenteral é necessária. Frente ao exposto, a pesquisa e desenvolvimento de novos fármacos é necessária. À vista de tais fatos e utilizando-se o método de modificação molecular latenciação, o objetivo deste trabalho é a síntese e caracterização de pró-fármacos dendriméricos de primeira geração de hidroximetilnitrofural, 3-hidroxiflavona e quercetina. O hidroximetilnitrofural tem mostrado atividade contra as formas amastigotas e tripomastigotas do T. cruzi in vitro e in vivo. Os flavonóides 3-hidroxiflavona e quercetina mostraram-se mais ativos que o padrão miltefosina em ensaios in vitro para leishmaniose. Já os dendrímeros são novas arquiteturas moleculares com estruturas nanoscópicas, extremamente organizadas e apresentam massa molecular definida. As aplicações incluem, por exemplo, a atuação como agentes transportadores de fármacos. Diversas metodologias sintéticas foram desenvolvidas na tentativa de se obter os pró-fármacos dendriméricos. Um das maiores dificuldades encontradas foi a purificação dos compostos sintetizados. Adicionalmente, foram realizados estudos de modelagem molecular para auxiliar a compreensão sobre a liberação das substâncias ativas da malha dendrimérica. Experimentos sobre hidrólise enzimática do pró-fármaco composto por...
Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of American trypanosomiasis or Chagas' disease. The infection occurs from the southern USA to southern Argentina and about 20 million people in Latin America are at risk of acquiring the disease. Leishmaniasis is caused by approximately 17 different species of unicellular protozoa belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae. Approximately 350 million people are at risk of acquiring the infection and it is estimated that there are 12 million people infected. Chemotherapy for these two neglected diseases is limited and the drugs available on therapy are toxic, with uncertain efficacy, may cause resistance and, occasionally, intravenous administration is required. Based on these facts, research and development for new drugs is needed. Considering that and using the method of molecular modification prodrug design, the purpose of this work is the synthesis and characterization of first generation dendrimer prodrug of hydroxymethylnitrofurazone (NFOH), quercetin and 3-hydroxyflavone. The NFOH has shown activity against amastigotes and trypomastigotes of T. cruzi, in vitro and in vivo. The flavonoids quercetin and 3-hydroxyflavone were more active than miltefosine in in vitro assays for leishmaniasis. Dendrimers are new molecular architectures with nanoscopic structures, extremely organized and it has defined molecular weight. The applications include, for instance, working as drugs carriers. A range of synthetic methodologies have been developed in an attempt to synthesize the dendrimers prodrugs. A major difficulty was the purification of the compounds. Additionally, molecular modeling studies were performed to assist understanding the release of active agents from dendrimers. Experiments concerning the enzymatic hydrolysis of the dendrimer prodrug composed by PAMAM (generation 1) and 3-hydroxyflavone were also made.
Subject(s)
Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Leishmaniasis/drug therapy , Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemical synthesis , Antiparasitic Agents/analysis , Dendrimers/pharmacology , Protozoan Infections/drug therapy , Quercetin/pharmacokinetics , Reaction TimeABSTRACT
Infections with protozoan parasites are a major cause of disease and mortality in many tropical countries of the world. Diseases caused by species of the genera Trypanosoma (Human African Trypanosomiasis and Chagas Disease) and Leishmania (various forms of Leishmaniasis) are among the seventeen "Neglected Tropical Diseases" (NTDs) defined as such by WHO due to the neglect of financial investment into research and development of new drugs by a large part of pharmaceutical industry and neglect of public awareness in high income countries. Another major tropical protozoan disease is malaria (caused by various Plasmodium species), which -although not mentioned currently by the WHO as a neglected disease- still represents a major problem, especially to people living under poor circumstances in tropical countries. Malaria causes by far the highest number of deaths of all protozoan infections and is often (as in this review) included in the NTDs. The mentioned diseases threaten many millions of lives world-wide and they are mostly associated with poor socioeconomic and hygienic environment. Existing therapies suffer from various shortcomings, namely, a high degree of toxicity and unwanted effects, lack of availability and/or problematic application under the life conditions of affected populations. Development of new, safe and affordable drugs is therefore an urgent need. Nature has provided an innumerable number of drugs for the treatment of many serious diseases. Among the natural sources for new bioactive chemicals, plants are still predominant. Their secondary metabolism yields an immeasurable wealth of chemical structures which has been and will continue to be a source of new drugs, directly in their native form and after optimization by synthetic medicinal chemistry. The current review, published in two parts, attempts to give an overview on the potential of such plant-derived natural products as antiprotozoal leads and/or drugs in the fight against NTDs.
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/metabolism , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Protozoan Infections/drug therapy , Biological Products/metabolism , Biological Products/therapeutic use , Biological Products/chemistry , Humans , Plant Extracts/metabolism , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Animals , Phytotherapy , Antiprotozoal Agents/metabolism , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Antiprotozoal Agents/chemistryABSTRACT
En los últimos veinticinco años han surgido una serie de fármacos antihelmínticos, pero muy pocos medicamentos antiprotozoarios intestinales del hombre. Dentro de los primeros tenemos a la ivermectina, droga de elección en strongiloidiasis, filariasis y en algunas infestaciones por artrópodos: pediculosis y sarna. Otro fármaco es la combinación de pirantel oxantel de gran rendimiento en tricocefaliasis y en terapias masivas o comunitarias que no tiene por objeto la cura parasitológica, sino una disminución de la carga parasitaria. Dentro de los medicamentos antiprotozoarios está la nitaxozanida, fármaco útil en la criptosporidiasis y la diarrea crónica por G.intestinalis. La FDA de USA considera a este medicamento como el de elección para estas dos parasitosis El secnidazol derivado nitroimidazólico, de administración única por un solo día y de vida media larga, es otro de los fármacos eficientes para la amebiasis y giardiasis intestinales. Las dicloroacetamidas: Teclozan, etofamida, clefamida y diloxanida son fármacos útiles en la amebiasis crónica y portadores, igual efecto tiene la quinfamida. En Tablas Terapéuticas se describen los principales medicamentos antihelmínticos y antiprotozoarios intestinales del hombre.
In the last twenty five years new antihelminthic drugs have been developed, but very few humans intestinal antiprotozoan medicaments. Between the firsts we have ivermectin the election drug in strongyloidiasis, filariasis and infestations by arthropods: pediculosis and scabies. Another drug is the combination of pyrantel-oxantel which has high compliance in trichuriasis and in mass or communities treatments which has'nt as target a parasitological cure but a diminishing of the parasitological burden. Nitazoxanide is ahuman antiprotozoan drug usefull in cryptosporidiasis and chronic diarrhea by Glardia intestinalis. FDA of USA consider this medicament of choice in this two parasitosis. Secnidazole a nitroimidazole deriva te with a large half-life, single administration for one day, is another efficient drug for intestinal amebiasis and giardiasis. The dichloroacetamides: teclozan, etofamide, clefamide and diloxanide are usefull drugs in chronic amebiasis and carriers, the same effect has quinfamide. In the Therapeutic Tables the main intestinal human antihelminthic and antiprotozoan drugs are described.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Protozoan Infections/drug therapy , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/drug therapyABSTRACT
Enteroparasites are related to gastrointestinal alterations among patients with HIV/AIDS, some causing severe manifestations in the period before the institution of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The prevalence of enteroparasitoses in patients with HIV/AIDS seen at two hospitals in Ceará , Brazil, was compared in the pre-HAART (Group 1; n = 482) and HAART (Group 2; n = 100) eras. Fecal parasitologic examinations (FPE) were performed using the direct, Lutz, Baermann-Moraes and modified Ziehl-Neelsen methods. The following parasites were detected in Groups 1 and 2, respectively: Strongyloides stercoralis - 30.1 percent and 11 percent (p<0.0001), Ascaris lumbricoides - 15.6 percent and 2 percent (p<0.0001), hookworms - 13.7 percent and 2 percent (p<0.0001), Trichuris trichiura - 13.1 percent and 1 percent (p<0.0001), Hymenolepis nana - 0 and 1 percent (p = 0.1718), Giardia duodenalis - 7.9 percent and 1 percent (p = 0.0076), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar - 3.3 percent and 1 percent (p = 0.3301), Isospora belli - 4.8 percent and 1 percent (p = 0.0993), Cryptosporidium sp. - 8.1 percent and 0 (p = 0.0007), and non-pathogenic protozoans as well. There was a significant reduction in the prevalence of enteroparasites between the eras (63.9 percent to 24 percent; p<0.0001). In the HAART era, the following observations were made: greater frequency of enteroparasites in patients without antiretroviral therapy (p = 0.0575), as in those with AIDS (p = 0.08), and diarrhea (36 percent of the patients); lack of association with positive FPE (p = 0.626); and non-detection of Cryptosporidium sp. Strongyloides stercoralis showed an elevated prevalence in the two eras and was more frequent in men (32.41 percent) than women (19.04 percent) of Group 1 (p = 0.018), a finding suggesting the transmission of the helminth through sodomy. The advent of the HAART modified the profile of opportunistic infections, including parasites, probably due...
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Protozoan Infections/epidemiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/parasitology , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil/epidemiology , Feces/parasitology , Helminthiasis/drug therapy , Helminthiasis/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/drug therapy , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Protozoan Infections/drug therapy , Protozoan Infections/parasitology , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
Os autores atualizam os aspectos mais importantes das parasitoses intestinais que ocorrem na infância, subdividindo-as em dois grandes grupos: helmintíases e protozooses. Em cada caso discorre sobre o agente etiológico, quadro clínico e diagnóstico, detendo-se particularmente no estudo da terapêutica, em que säo relacionados os medicamentos utilizados em cada uma das parasitoses, pela denominaçäo genérica do sal e as denominaçöes comerciais dos produtos correspondentes disponíveis no mercado farmacêutico.
Subject(s)
Humans , Parasitic Diseases , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic , Helminthiasis , Protozoan Infections , Eukaryota , Anthelmintics/administration & dosage , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Parasitic Diseases/complications , Parasitic Diseases/diagnosis , Parasitic Diseases/drug therapy , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/drug therapy , Protozoan Infections/complications , Protozoan Infections/diagnosis , Protozoan Infections/drug therapyABSTRACT
Objetivo. Analizar, evaluar y comprobar la eficacia de nitazoxanida contra helmintiasis y protozoos múltiples en niños de 0 a 15 años de edad. Diseño. Estudio clínico y clínico-biológico, prospectivo. Población. Cincuenta niños de ambos sexos. Metodología. Todos los pacientes durante los meses de mayo a junio de 1999, fueron evaluados clínicamente y por laboratorio químico biológico, antes y después del tratamiento establecido, según dosificación establecida en estudios previos de 15 mg/kg/día, dividido en dos dósis por 3 días seguidos. Resultados. Al primer examen coprobiológico, la ascariasis resulta ser la de mayor incidencia (76 por ciento), respecto a las otras infestaciones parasitarias que sólo representaron el 2 por ciento cada una. Al examen final se comprobó que la incidencia bajó al 10 por ciento y las otras infestaciones desaparecieron totalmente. Conclusiones. La nitazoxanida es efectiva en el tratamiento de pacientes multiparasitados
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Antiparasitic Agents/therapeutic use , Ascariasis/drug therapy , Protozoan Infections/drug therapyABSTRACT
Os autores procedem a uma revisäo minunciosa do tatamento das helmintíases e protozooses intestinais prevalentes na infância, apresentando os mais recentes avanços no campo do diagnóstico e da terapêutica
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Infant , Anthelmintics/administration & dosage , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Antiprotozoal Agents/administration & dosage , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Helminthiasis/complications , Helminthiasis/etiology , Helminthiasis/drug therapy , Protozoan Infections/complications , Protozoan Infections/etiology , Protozoan Infections/drug therapyABSTRACT
Se estudio la presencia de enteroparásitos y comensales en 74 niños de una escuela rural de la comuna de Vilcún, IX Región de Chile, caracterizada por tener un ambiente con serios problemas de higiene ambiental. Mediante la técnica de Telemann modificada, se encontró un 37,8 por ciento de los niños infectados con algún enteroparásito y/o comensal. No se observó diferencias de infección significativa según sexo pero según edad se encontró una mayor infección en el estrato etáreo de menor edad (p< 0,05). Se encontró un 16,2 por ciento de infección por giardia lamblia, un 12,1 por ciento de entamoeba coli, un 10,8 por ciento de ascaris lumbricoides y un 4,1 por ciento de trichuris trichuria. El índice de desnutrición y riesgo nutricional fue significativamente alto
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Protozoan Infections/epidemiology , Helminthiasis/drug therapy , Helminthiasis/parasitology , Nutrition Assessment , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Protozoan Infections/drug therapy , Protozoan Infections/parasitology , Rural Health/statistics & numerical data , Sanitation/statistics & numerical data , SchoolsABSTRACT
O autor esclarece os principais tópicos em relaçäo aos helmintos e protozoários e correlaciona o aparecimento da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (sida) com o surgimento de uma série de protozoários, até entäo desconhecidos como causadores de doenças nos seres humanos.
Subject(s)
Humans , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Helminthiasis , Protozoan Infections , Amebiasis , Ancylostomiasis , Ascaridiasis , Balantidiasis , Enterobiasis , Giardiasis , Helminthiasis/diagnosis , Helminthiasis/drug therapy , Hymenolepiasis , Protozoan Infections/diagnosis , Protozoan Infections/drug therapy , Isospora , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Strongyloidiasis , Taeniasis , TrichuriasisSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Cyanobacteria/isolation & purification , Diarrhea/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use , Cyanobacteria/drug effects , Cyanobacteria/pathogenicity , Protozoan Infections/diagnosis , Protozoan Infections/drug therapy , Specimen HandlingABSTRACT
Com o objetivo de estudar as relacoes quantitativas entre a estrutura quimica e a atividade antimicrobiana de analogos a nifuroxazida (5-nitro-2-furfurilideno 4-hidroxi benzidrazida), prepararam-se quatorze 5-nitro-2-furfurilideno benzidrazidas 'X ind.3','X ind.4','X ind.5'-substituidas em que 'X ind.3' e 'X ind.5' = H e 'X ind.4' = 'NO ind.2',Br,Cl,H,'CH ind.3','OCH ind.3',OH,'NH ind.2',CO'CH ind.3',O'C ind.2H ind.5','CF ind.3',N('CH ind.3)ind.2','SO ind.2NH ind.2' e 'X ind.3','X ind.4','X ind.5' = O'CH ind.3'. Nove entre os quatorze compostos obtidos ainda nao estao descritos na literatura. Os compostos obtidos foram identificados e/ou caracterizados por seus espectros de I.V.,'RMN POT.1'H e RMN 'ANT.POT.13C', e seus graus de pureza determinados pelas respectivas analises elementares de C, H e N e pelos intervalos de fusao. Determinaram-se os valores de frequencia de absorcao do grupo carbonila na regiao do I.V., em DMSO, como medida de sua polaridade. Este parametro foi utilizado como medida do efeito eletronico dos grupos substituintes estudados. Determinou-se tambem o coeficiente de particao de cinco compostos atraves do metodo de Shake-flask, utilizando-se para particao, o sistema 1-octanol/tampao fosfato, obtendo-se excelentes correlacoes entre os valores experimentais e calculados. Determinou-se a concentracao minima inibitoria, MIC, dos compostos obtidos frente a cepa ATCC 25923 de S.aureus, utilizando-se o Log1/Mol como medida da potencia antimicrobiana. O estudo das relacoes quantitativas entre a estrutura quimica e a atividade antimicrobiana, QSAR, foi realizada atraves da aplicacao do metodo stepwise aos valores de Log1/Mol em funcao de parametros estruturais, experimentais e de literatura, relacionados com os efeitos hidrofobico, eletronico e de polarizabilidade dos grupos substituintes
Subject(s)
Nitrofurans/analysis , Structure-Activity Relationship , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Culture Media , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Protozoan Infections/drug therapy , Nitro Compounds/analysis , Spectrum Analysis , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effectsABSTRACT
Os autores efetuaram uma atualizaçäo sobre a pentamidina e comentam suas aplicaçöes na clínica médica
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Protozoan Infections/drug therapy , Pentamidine/therapeutic use , Babesiosis/drug therapy , Leishmaniasis/drug therapy , Pentamidine/administration & dosage , Pentamidine/chemistry , Pentamidine/pharmacology , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/drug therapy , Trypanosomiasis, African/drug therapyABSTRACT
The prevalence of intestinal protozoal and helminthic infection was studied over a period of one year amongst 297 school children, aged 5-20 yr in a sub-urban area. The overall prevalence rate of various protozoal infection, 15.82 per cent had only helminthic infection and 14.47 per cent had combined helminthic and protozoal infection. Ascaris lumbricoides infestation was found to be the commonest helminthic infection (61.70%) while giardiasis was the commonest protozoal infection (59.80%). The prevalence rates, one year after effective anti-protozoal and antihelminthic treatment was administered, were overall parasitic infection 25.92 per cent; only protozoal infection 17.50 per cent, only helminthic infection 5.72 per cent and combined infection 2.69 per cent. The reinfection rate was found to be 7.40 per cent and the fresh infection rate was found to be 11.4 and 39.8 per cent at the end of six months and one year respectively.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Helminthiasis/drug therapy , Humans , India/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/drug therapy , Prevalence , Protozoan Infections/drug therapy , Suburban PopulationABSTRACT
Two apparently healthy children from the same family were found to have moderate to heavy Blastocystis hominis in their stool samples whilst being investigated for intestinal symptoms: sporadic, painless, rectal bleeding in one and persistent diarrhoea in the other. After treatment with metronidazole, they had no further signs, and stool samples became negative. Eighteen months later, both were asymptomatic, and stool samples continued to be negative for the parasite
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Male , Female , Protozoan Infections/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Protozoan Infections/parasitology , Protozoan Infections/drug therapy , West Indies/epidemiology , Family , Feces/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Metronidazole/therapeutic useABSTRACT
As parasitoses estao entre as infecçoes de maior prevalencia em nosso meio. O que se segue e uma pequena revisao bibliografica, destinada a esclarecer a melhor conduta no tratamento das helmintiases e protozooses intestinais mais frequentes . Serao discutidos, para cada uma delas, em separado, ostratamentols em progressivo desuso, as drogas preferidas atualmente e o controle de cura. Tambem serao feitas algumas consideraçoes sobre a profilaxia da reinfecçao, para cada caso